Automated Configuration of Evolutionary Algorithms via Deep Reinforcement Learning for Constrained Multiobjective Optimization.

Learning to optimize and automated algorithm design are attracting increasing attention, but it is still in its infancy in constrained multiobjective optimization evolutionary algorithms (CMOEAs). Current learning-assisted CMOEAs are typically crafted by human experts using manually designed techniques, which tend to be overly tuned, ad hoc, and lacking versatility. To alleviate these limitations, this work proposes transforming the online configuration of CMOEA into determinations of discrete and continuous parameters, which are then solved by deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques.

Analysis of the current status of genetic diversity in Liaoning Huoyan goose based on microsatellite markers.

In this study, microsatellite loci in geese were initially screened, after which a multiplex PCR system was constructed and the genetic diversity and genetic structure of 40 samples from each of the three Huoyan goose populations in Liaoning were analyzed using the STR typing test. The results showed that 12 microsatellite loci were screened, and one quadruple PCR system, two triple PCR systems and one double PCR system were constructed with consistent and reliable reproducibility. A total of 90 alleles were detected in 120 samples, the number of alleles(Na), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content(PIC) of the three populations ranged from 5.

Evolving multispectral sensor configurations using genetic programming for estuary health monitoring.

Assessing ecosystem health on a large scale is crucial for a wide range of management and regulatory decisions. Technologies such as hyperspectral imaging allow noninvasive and rapid estimation of key attributes based on observed reflectance. However, these images are high-dimensional and real-world applications require models based on fewer wavelengths.

Deep learning-based seabird detection in fisheries for seabird protection.

New Zealand is considered to be the 'seabird capital' of the world. As part of the harvesting process, some commercial fishers accidentally bycatch seabirds during fishing operations, which can result in accidental deaths and injuries. The accidental bycatch is impacting the long-term sustainability of New Zealand seabird populations.

YOLOv8E: an efficient YOLOv8 method for instance segmentation of individual tree crowns in Wellington City, New Zealand.

Instance segmentation is crucial for analysing individual tree crowns in aerial imagery, which plays an important role in forest management, risk modelling, biodiversity modelling, forest health and human wellbeing studies. Traditional instance segmentation methods struggle in diverse rural landscapes where canopy images feature primarily small and medium tree objects, varying from isolated trees to dense forest stands. This paper introduces YOLOv8E, a new and efficient YOLOv8 method, optimised for precise instance segmentation and species classification of tree crowns.

BuoyancyNet: a deep learning approach for assessing float buoyancy in mussel aquaculture.

The aquaculture sector is vital to Aotearoa New Zealand's (NZ) economy, with greenshell mussel cultivation playing a leading role. As the industry expands into more exposed offshore environments, maintaining proper buoyancy in mussel farm structures becomes increasingly challenging. Buoyancy issues can result in significant product losses through sinking or mussel detachment, creating a critical need for scalable, automated monitoring solutions.

Two-octave mid-infrared pulses via chirp-optimized cascaded intra-pulse difference frequency generation.

Intra-pulse difference frequency generation (IDFG) has been widely applied for generating few-cycle carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) stable mid-infrared (MIR) pulses, whose maximal spectral bandwidth reaches around one octave, limited by the phase-matching bandwidth of crystals. Here, we propose and demonstrate a chirp-optimized cascaded IDFG (CC-IDFG) scheme that overcomes the phase-matching bandwidth limitation of nonlinear crystals. By carefully manipulating the chirp of a supercontinuum pulse in 0.

Regularized multi-task learning with individual-feature-based task correlations for Alzheimer's cognitive score prediction.

Background And Objective: Predicting multiple cognitive scores from brain features for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients can aid in early intervention treatments and enhance disease management. Regularized multi-task sparse learning has become an important approach since it can predict multiple cognitive scores and identify biomarkers in one process. However, existing methods often assign the same correlation coefficient for a pair of tasks on all features, even though their relationships at different features are usually different.

Clinical outcomes of fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in patients with ACL degeneration and patellofemoral joint degeneration: A retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: This study re-evaluates the clinical outcomes and prosthesis survival of fixed-bearing UKA in patients with ACL degeneration, PFJ degeneration, or both, compared to standard indications of UKA by examining its clinical outcomes in patients with anterior cruciate ligament-degeneration or deficient (ACLD) and patellofemoral joint degeneration (PFJ). These findings suggest a paradigm shift in patient selection, offering a broader surgical option for knee OA management. The transition from traditional contraindications to potential indications for UKA in selected ACLD and PFJ cases may significantly impact clinical decision-making.

One-Step Detection of RNA in Small Extracellular Vesicles from Plasma for Diseases Diagnosis by a Multisatellites@planets Molecular Imprinting Platform.

RNA in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from plasma is a reliable biomarker for disease diagnosis. However, the cumbersome steps and operator dependency for extraction and analysis of sEVs RNA in plasma have limited their application. Here, we developed a multisatellites@planets molecular imprinting detection platform for sEVs capture and RNA analyzation in a one-step process directly from a small amount of plasma.

Connotation and innovation directions of applied ecology from the perspective of new quality productive forces.

The acceleration of the formation and development of new quality productive forces in the new era is an inevitable requirement for China's high-quality development and an important historical mission for achieving socialist modernization and ecological civilization. We interpreted the contemporary connotation of new quality productive forces from the perspective of applied ecology, which refers to an innovative production capacity driven by the optimization and sustainable utilization of ecosystem services, promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Furthermore, we summarized the developmental trajectory of applied ecology, evolving from biological to social and finally to digital applied ecology, and explored its crucial role in fostering disciplinary and technological innovation as well as the allocation of production resources.

Prognostic impact of recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastatic status in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, and lymph node metastasis significantly influences patient outcomes. This retrospective study analyzed 189 thoracic ESCC patients who underwent radical esophagectomy (2019-2021) to evaluate the prognostic role of recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis (RLN LNM). Patients with RLN LNM showed significantly worse overall survival (OS, P = 0.

A five-terminal ITO transistor enabling memory, artificial synaptic behaviors, and logic operations.

The increasing complexity of fabrication and high transistor density is slowing down progress in integrated circuits. Simplified designs are now critical to boost circuit performance while reducing manufacturing challenges. Meanwhile, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide)-based devices have recently gained attention due to their good mobility and large-scale availability.

Anisotropic Spherical Gaussians Lighting Priors for Indoor Environment Map Estimation.

High Dynamic Range (HDR) environment lighting is essential for augmented reality and visual editing applications, enabling realistic object relighting and seamless scene composition. However, the acquisition of accurate HDR environment maps remains resource-intensive, often requiring specialized devices such as light probes or 360° capture systems, and necessitating stitching during postprocessing. Existing deep learning-based methods attempt to estimate global illumination from partial-view images but often struggle with complex lighting conditions, particularly in indoor environments with diverse lighting variations.

PTBP1 acts as a tumor suppressor in glioma by promoting HMOX1-dependent ferroptosis.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common glioma with a 5-year relative survival rate of only 5%. Gliomas progress diffusely despite treatment, and all glioblastomas eventually progress or recur following traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, targeted therapy is particularly important for gliomas.

Development and validation of a fusion model based on multi-phase contrast CT radiomics combined with clinical features for predicting Ki-67 expression in gastric cancer.

The present study aimed to develop and validate a fusion model based on multi-phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) radiomics features combined with clinical features to preoperatively predict the expression levels of Ki-67 in patients with gastric cancer (GC). A total of 164 patients with GC who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital between September 2015 and September 2023 were retrospectively included and were randomly divided into a training set (n=114) and a testing set (n=50). Using Pyradiomics, radiomics features were extracted from multi-phase CECT images and were combined with significant clinical features through various machine learning algorithms [support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RandomForest), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), LightGBM and XGBoost] to build a fusion model.

Noninvasive Optogenetics Realized by iPSC-Derived Tentacled Carrier in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment.

Neural-activated optogenetics technique contributing to the "restart" of degenerative neurons offers hope for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the limitations of persistent invasiveness and inadequate repair of the pathological environment strongly hinder its further application. Here, a concept of differentiating stem cells is proposed to produce functional materials to enhance the therapeutic applicability of optogenetics.

Sedation for transthoracic echocardiography in children with Down syndrome: a propensity score-weighted retrospective cohort study.

Background: Transthoracic echocardiography can be performed under sedation in children with Down syndrome who have neurological or behavioral problems. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intranasal dexmedetomidine and oral chloral hydrate in children with Down syndrome who are undergoing transthoracic echocardiography.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed the electronic medical records of patients with Down syndrome who underwent transthoracic echocardiography under oral chloral hydrate or intranasal dexmedetomidine sedation between June 2014 and September 2021.

A Low-Noise High-Resolution Temperature Measurement Technique Based on Inductive Voltage Divider and Alternating-Current Bridge.

In the field of space gravitational wave detection, high-precision temperature measurement with a resolution at the micro-Kelvin level in the milli-Hertz frequency range is required to mitigate the interference caused by temperature fluctuations around the core components. This is a very challenging task due to resistance thermal noise and the inherent 1/f noise of electronic components. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a low-noise, high-resolution temperature measurement method based on an inductive voltage divider and an alternating-current (AC) bridge.

Analysis and ceRNA Network Construction of Differentially Expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in Human Osteoarthritis Cartilage.

This study aimed to identify differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in damaged cartilage (DC) and un-damaged cartilage (UDC) in human osteoarthritis (OA), exploring their roles in disease progression through bioinformatics analysis and ceRNA network construction. Cartilage samples from 5 OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were analyzed. RNA sequencing was used to detect the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in DC and UDC samples.

Ultrafiltration Membrane with High Stability and Anti-fouling Performance Fabricated via Stepwise Interfacial Complexation of Charged Polytrifluorostyrene.

Surface coating of polymer complexes driven by electrostatic interaction represents a facile strategy for membrane modification. However, chemical stability is still a major issue for the application of such polymer coatings and the study of polymer complex-modified membranes for ultrafiltration is less explored. In this study, positively charged quaternized poly(trifluorostyrene) (QPTFS) and negatively charged sulfonated poly(trifluorostyrene) (SPTFS) are synthesized and used to prepare ultrafiltration membranes through stepwise interfacial complexation.

Regulation of Neuroimmune Microenvironment by PLA/GO/Anti-TNF-α Composite to Enhance Neurological Repair After Spinal Cord Injury.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological condition with limited treatment options. Polylactic acid (PLA)+graphene oxide (GO)+anti-TNF-α (Ab) composites have shown potential in regulating immune responses and promoting neural repair.

Methods: Electrospinning PLA+GO+Ab materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Insight into the effect of manganese oxidation state on the synthesis of ethylene urea from CO and ethylenediamine.

Herein, a series of manganese oxide catalysts with different valences (MnO, MnO, and MnO) were designed and synthesized for the synthesis of ethylene urea (EU) from ethylenediamine (EDA) and carbon dioxide (CO). With a maximal EDA conversion of 82 % and EU selectivity of 99 % at 160 °C for 2 h, MnO catalysts had the best catalytic activity among them, which was superior to the reported catalysts. In the following order: MnO > MnO > MnO, the catalytic activity for the synthesis of EU from CO and EDA decreased.

Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma: challenges and emerging strategies.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by rapid proliferation, extensive infiltration, and significant intratumoral heterogeneity. Despite advancements in conventional treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for GBM patients remains poor, with a median survival of approximately 15 months. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative; however, the unique biological and immunological features, including its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and low mutational burden, render it resistant to many immunotherapeutic strategies.

Case Report: Damaged external limb of montgomery T-tube in a child: a rare complication.

Montgomery T-tubes (MT) are well tolerated with rare complications. Here, we report an unusual complication of damaged external limb of the MT in a child. Both physicians and patients should be aware of this possible complication, which can lead to potential fracture of the MT, resulting in unusual airway problems requiring emergency management.