Automated Configuration of Evolutionary Algorithms via Deep Reinforcement Learning for Constrained Multiobjective Optimization.

Learning to optimize and automated algorithm design are attracting increasing attention, but it is still in its infancy in constrained multiobjective optimization evolutionary algorithms (CMOEAs). Current learning-assisted CMOEAs are typically crafted by human experts using manually designed techniques, which tend to be overly tuned, ad hoc, and lacking versatility. To alleviate these limitations, this work proposes transforming the online configuration of CMOEA into determinations of discrete and continuous parameters, which are then solved by deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques.

Shape memory hydrogels in tissue engineering: Recent advances and challenges.

Shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) have emerged as transformative materials in tissue engineering, owing to their unique ability to recover their original shape after deformation. These hydrogels combine hydrophilicity and elasticity with shape memory capabilities, making them ideal candidates for various biomedical applications. This review examines their innovative design and synthesis, highlighting the physical and biological characteristics that make them well-suited for tissue engineering, such as mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.

Hypoxanthine Promotes Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling and Adenosine Deaminase Is a Therapeutic Target for Pulmonary Hypertension.

Uric acid metabolism is implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension, wherein the key metabolite hypoxanthine exhibits elevated levels, thereby promoting pulmonary vascular remodeling through facilitation of cell proliferation and migration as well as regulation of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transport signaling pathway. Consequently, therapeutic interventions targeting hypoxanthine synthesis may hold promise for the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Posture prediction models in digital human modeling for ergonomic design: A systematic review.

Posture prediction models have been widely used to support ergonomic design. This systematic review critically assessed the development, validation, and applications of posture prediction models in Digital Human Modeling (DHM). Following PRISMA guidelines, 24 studies were included from a search across nine academic databases, categorized into data-driven models (n = 12) and optimization-based models (n = 12).

CHH demethylation in the ZmGST2 promoter enhances maize drought tolerance by regulating ROS scavenging and root growth.

As an important food crop worldwide, maize is frequently impacted by drought stress. It is of great significance to study its drought resistance genes and mechanisms, in which DNA methylation modification in the promoter region plays a key role in regulating gene expression and stress resistance. In this study, using PEG6000 and 5-azadC to treat different drought-tolerant maize inbred lines (drought-tolerant R99 and drought-sensitive Mo17), combined with transcriptomic analysis, identified the gene ZmGST2 as being related to drought resistance.

Co-nZVI@ATP activated persulfate for the degradationof Bisphenol S: Treatment efficiency and mechanism.

Due to the chemical stability and resistance to biodegradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), their removal from wastewater remains a major challenge. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), particularly those based on persulfate (PS) activation, have attracted widespread attention owing to their strong oxidative potential and applicability to a broad spectrum of contaminants. In this context, the rational design of efficient PS activators is of great significance.

Identification of Auxin-Associated Genes in Wheat Through Comparative Transcriptome Analysis and Validation of the Candidate Receptor-like Kinase Gene in Arabidopsis.

Auxin (IAA), a key natural signaling molecule, plays a pivotal role in regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. Understanding its signal transduction mechanisms is crucial for improving crop yields. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of wheat leaf and root tissues treated with different concentrations of IAA (0, 1, and 50 μM).

Deep Neural-Assisted Flexible MXene-Ag Composite Strain Sensor with Crack Dual Conductive Network for Human Motion Sensing.

Developing stretchable strain sensors that combine both high sensitivity and a wide linear range is a critical requirement for health electronics, yet it remains challenging to meet the practical demands of daily health monitoring. This study proposes a novel heterogeneous surface strategy by in situ silver deposition on modified PDMS followed by MXene spray coating, constructing a multilevel microcrack strain sensor (MAP) using silver nanoparticles and MXene. This innovative multilevel heterogeneous microcrack structure forms a dual conductive network, which demonstrates excellent detection performance within GF = 487.

Oral Covalent Organic Frameworks as Dysbiosis-Mitigating Oxalate Sequestrants for Crystalline Nephropathy.

Hyperoxaluria-related crystalline nephropathy progresses through a dynamic interplay among oxalate crystallization, renal inflammatory cascades, and gut dysbiosis. However, concurrent interventions for these interconnected pathways remain elusive. Here, we leverage the gut-kidney axis to address this multifaceted renal issue by employing cationic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as dysbiosis-mitigating oxalate sequestrants.

CO-switchable Pickering emulsions of chitosan with recyclable emulsifier in aqueous phase.

Demulsification is necessary for the emulsions requiring temporary stabilization. However, the amphiphilicity of emulsifiers can create challenges for demulsification, and their residue in oil phase can also impair the oil quality. Herein, we describe a CO-switchable Pickering emulsions stabilized by chitosan aggregates (CAs), in which the emulsifiers could be recycled and reused in water.

Gut microbiome and peritoneal inflammation: a new perspective on peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis.

Background: Gut microbiome disorders and intestinal barrier damage were found in peritonitis. However, the relationship between the gut microbiome and peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of the gut microbiome in PDAP and explore its correlation with intra-abdominal inflammation.

Regulatory B cells: Synergistic cellular mechanisms and therapeutic potential for alleviating transplant rejection.

Posttransplantation rejection remains a critical challenge in organ transplantation. While immunosuppressants improve graft survival, their long-term side effects compromise patient quality of life, necessitating novel, side effect-free strategies to reduce the incidence of rejection. Regulatory B cells (Bregs), an immunomodulatory B lymphocyte subset within the immune microenvironment, have the potential to mitigate transplant rejection.

Evolving multispectral sensor configurations using genetic programming for estuary health monitoring.

Assessing ecosystem health on a large scale is crucial for a wide range of management and regulatory decisions. Technologies such as hyperspectral imaging allow noninvasive and rapid estimation of key attributes based on observed reflectance. However, these images are high-dimensional and real-world applications require models based on fewer wavelengths.

Deep learning-based seabird detection in fisheries for seabird protection.

New Zealand is considered to be the 'seabird capital' of the world. As part of the harvesting process, some commercial fishers accidentally bycatch seabirds during fishing operations, which can result in accidental deaths and injuries. The accidental bycatch is impacting the long-term sustainability of New Zealand seabird populations.

YOLOv8E: an efficient YOLOv8 method for instance segmentation of individual tree crowns in Wellington City, New Zealand.

Instance segmentation is crucial for analysing individual tree crowns in aerial imagery, which plays an important role in forest management, risk modelling, biodiversity modelling, forest health and human wellbeing studies. Traditional instance segmentation methods struggle in diverse rural landscapes where canopy images feature primarily small and medium tree objects, varying from isolated trees to dense forest stands. This paper introduces YOLOv8E, a new and efficient YOLOv8 method, optimised for precise instance segmentation and species classification of tree crowns.

BuoyancyNet: a deep learning approach for assessing float buoyancy in mussel aquaculture.

The aquaculture sector is vital to Aotearoa New Zealand's (NZ) economy, with greenshell mussel cultivation playing a leading role. As the industry expands into more exposed offshore environments, maintaining proper buoyancy in mussel farm structures becomes increasingly challenging. Buoyancy issues can result in significant product losses through sinking or mussel detachment, creating a critical need for scalable, automated monitoring solutions.

A smartphone-based genetically recombinant whole-cell biosensor for highly sensitive monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

Background: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent carcinogens widely distributed in ecosystems. Their structural complexity-diverse chlorine numbers and positions-challenges detection using conventional methods like ELISA or instrumental analysis, which are limited to single congeners. Whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) present a promising alternative by enabling multi-congener detection, yet their sensitivity remains constrained by inefficient PCB-sensing proteins.

Regularized multi-task learning with individual-feature-based task correlations for Alzheimer's cognitive score prediction.

Background And Objective: Predicting multiple cognitive scores from brain features for Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients can aid in early intervention treatments and enhance disease management. Regularized multi-task sparse learning has become an important approach since it can predict multiple cognitive scores and identify biomarkers in one process. However, existing methods often assign the same correlation coefficient for a pair of tasks on all features, even though their relationships at different features are usually different.

National Health Policy and factors predicting its implementation at the local level in Nepal: an exploratory cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Nepal's National Health Policy (NHP), periodically revised since 1991, aims to enhance citizens' health and well-being within the federal democratic framework established in line with the Constitution of Nepal 2015. This study evaluated the implementation status, challenges, and opportunities of the NHP at the local level in Nepal.

Materials And Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Lumbini province among 166 health workers selected through simple random sampling.

Characterization of T cell proliferation-associated hepatocellular carcinoma subtypes, predictive signatures, and candidate targets.

Background: T cells are essential mediators of antitumor immune responses. While T cell proliferation-related genes (TRGs) have been identified, how they relate to prognostic outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients remains uncertain. This study attempts to analyze the relationship between TRGs and the prognosis of patients with HCC from multiple perspectives.

Establishment and Application of Mice Models for Tracing Gene Expression and Protein Product of TNF.

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine crucial for immune function, cellular homeostasis, and disease progression, yet its complex roles in vivo remain unclear. Challenges in studying TNF-α include its widespread gene expression, variability in expression levels, diverse protein forms, and low baseline expression, which complicate traditional detection and tracking methods. To address these challenges, we constructed three distinct transgenic luciferase reporter mouse models (TNF-IRES-Luc, TNF-Nanoluc, and TNF-HiBiT) driven by the endogenous TNF-α gene, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology through homology-directed repair.

A nomogram to predict sarcopenia in older adults: a multi-center study in rural China.

Background: Sarcopenia is closely associated with activity limitations, falls and fractures, all serving as major causes of physiological deterioration and even mortality in older adults. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a novel nomogram for predicting the risk of sarcopenia in Chinese older adults from rural areas.

Methods: Overall, 611 older adults were enrolled from the Thyroid Diseases in Older Population (TOPS) study and randomly assigned to the training and validation datasets in a ratio of 8:2.

Cerebrovascular-mediated dynamic alterations in neurovascular coupling: a key pathological mechanism of depression.

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is a vital regulatory mechanism that synchronizes neural activity with vascular responses to support brain function. Although the precise mechanisms of NVC remain incompletely elucidated, its dysfunction is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. This review synthesizes recent advancements in understanding the vascular cascade, emphasizing key dynamic regulators of NVC, including mechanical forces and diffusible signals mediated by blood flow.

Radiation therapy induced intestinal barrier damage and repair process - differences in salivary metabolites and monitoring of intestinal barrier function.

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still one of the most common malignant tumors, with gradual increase in its annual morbidity and mortality. But most cases are diagnosed in the late stage. For stage II-III cancer, clinical guidelines recommend surgery following neoadjuvant radiation therapy at ≥6 weeks after the last radiotherapy is completed.

MYO1G promoter hypomethylation correlates with its mRNA expression, lymphocyte infiltration, and immunotherapy response in melanoma.

Objectives: Myosin IG () plays a vital role in triggering an immune response via regulating T cell migration to detect antigen-presenting cells. However, the biological and clinical significance of DNA methylation and gene expression in melanoma and its immune microenvironment remains unknown.

Materials And Methods: We investigated and corroborated the correlations of DNA methylation with gene expression, and clinicopathologic parameters in 461 melanomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).