Regulatory B cells: Synergistic cellular mechanisms and therapeutic potential for alleviating transplant rejection.

Posttransplantation rejection remains a critical challenge in organ transplantation. While immunosuppressants improve graft survival, their long-term side effects compromise patient quality of life, necessitating novel, side effect-free strategies to reduce the incidence of rejection. Regulatory B cells (Bregs), an immunomodulatory B lymphocyte subset within the immune microenvironment, have the potential to mitigate transplant rejection.

MicroRNAs in transplant rejection: Emerging roles in immune regulation and applications.

Organ transplantation is the only effective treatment for patients with end-stage organ failure. Although modern immunosuppressive protocols are very effective and improve quality of life, there is still a need for improvements to eliminate their side effects and to induce transplantation tolerance to allografts. The microRNAs (miRNAs) emerged as promising candidates for regulations of several immune functions.

Deep-learning tool for early identification of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage etiology and application in clinical diagnostics based on computed tomography (CT) scans.

Background: To develop an artificial intelligence system that can accurately identify acute non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) etiology (aneurysms, hypertensive hemorrhage, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), Moyamoya disease (MMD), cavernous malformation (CM), or other causes) based on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans and investigate whether clinicians can benefit from it in a diagnostic setting.

Methods: The deep learning model was developed with 1,868 eligible NCCT scans with non-traumatic ICH collected between January 2011 and April 2018. We tested the model on two independent datasets (TT200 and SD 98) collected after April 2018.

Characteristics and Differences in the Antler Velvet Microbiota During Regeneration.

The skin surface has a complex and dynamic ecosystem inhabited by a diverse microbiota. The wound formed by antler velvet shedding can naturally achieve regenerative restoration, but the changes in microbial composition that occur during antler velvet regeneration are largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the antler velvet microbiota of sika deer at 15 days (Half) and 30 days (Full) post-pedicle casting using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

The potential of mesenchymal stem cells to induce immune tolerance to allogeneic transplants.

Organ allograft transplantation is an effective treatment plan for patients with organ failure. Although the application of continuous immunosuppressants makes successful allograft survival possible, the patients' long-term survival rate and quality of life are not ideal. Therefore, it is necessary to find a new strategy to alleviate transplant rejection by developing therapies for permanent allograft acceptance.

Determining the mechanism of pulsatilla decoction for treating gastric cancer: a network pharmacology-based study.

Background And Aim: Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide. (PD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, can treat inflammatory bowel disease and cancers. In this study, we explored the bioactive components, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms of PD in the treatment of GC.

Prevalence and Procedural Risk of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis Coexisting With Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm.

Background: Coexistence of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) and unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) is increasingly encountered in clinical practice. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ICAS in patients with UIAs and procedural ischemic risk associated with ICAS when treating UIAs.

Methods: Based on the CAIASA study (Coexistence of Atherosclerotic Intracranial Arterial Stenosis With Intracranial Aneurysms), we prospectively included patients undergoing treatment procedures for UIAs from October 2015 to December 2020 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, China.

Infarction Patterns and Recurrent Adverse Cerebrovascular Events in Moyamoya Disease.

For moyamoya disease (MMD) patients who suffered an acute ischemic attack, the infarction patterns on DWI and its association with recurrent adverse cerebrovascular events (ACEs) after bypass surgery remain unknown. 327 patients who suffered an acute ischemic attack and received following revascularization surgery were retrospectively reviewed and were divided into three patterns according to the lesion number and distribution on DWI that obtained within 7 days of onset: no acute infarction (NAI), single acute infarction (SAI), and multiple acute infarctions (MAIs). We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for associations of infarction patterns and the risk of recurrent ACEs and strokes.

Macrophages in transplant rejection.

Transplant rejection is one of the primary factors leading to loss of allograft function, and macrophages are involved in allograft rejection. Macrophages polarize into different phenotypes according to stimulation by different external factors. Different types of macrophages play distinct roles in inflammation, tumors, and autoimmune diseases and are involved in transplant rejection.

Right-hemispheric language reorganization in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM), a presumed congenital lesion, may involve traditional language areas but usually does not lead to language dysfunction unless it ruptures. The objective of this research was to study right-hemispheric language reorganization patterns in patients with brain AVMs using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We prospectively enrolled 30 AVM patients with lesions involving language areas and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Impact of AVM location on language cortex right-hemisphere reorganization: A voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping study.

Objectives: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital malformations, and right-sided dominance of the language cortex is not a rare phenomenon for patients with AVM involving language area. We tried to use voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) method to depict the location of AVM nidus and to demonstrate the relationship between AVM location and the pattern of language cortex reorganization.

Patients And Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed clinical and imaging data of 70 adult patients with unruptured cerebral AVMs who underwent blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of language task.

Comparison of Long-Term Effect Between Direct and Indirect Bypass for Pediatric Ischemic-Type Moyamoya Disease: A Propensity Score-Matched Study.

This study aimed to compare the postoperative risks and long-term effects between direct bypass surgery (DB) and indirect bypass (IB) surgery for pediatric patients with ischemic-type moyamoya disease (MMD). Pediatric patients (under or equal to 18 years old) who were diagnosed as MMD and given surgical treatments at our center between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed from a prospective database. Pediatric hemorrhagic-type MMD patients and those who did not undergo digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were excluded.

Modified encephalo-duro-periosteal-synangiosis (EDPS) for the revascularization of anterior cerebral artery territory in moyamoya disease: A single-center experience.

Objectives: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory, a crucial area of intellectual development in children, is frequently involved in the progress of moyamoya disease (MMD). However, revascularization surgeries for this area are not as established as surgeries for middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. This study aimed to describe our experience and study the effect of revascularizing ACA territory with periocranium and dural leaflets, which is referred to as 'encephalo-duro-periosteal-synangiosis (EDPS)'.

Direct Bypass Surgery Vs. Combined Bypass Surgery for Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease: A Comparison of Angiographic Outcomes.

Extracranial-intracranial bypass is currently recognized as the optimal treatment for hemorrhagic-type moyamoya disease (MMD) which reduces incidence of rebleeding. Recent studies have reported the advantage of combined bypass over direct bypass for the general MMD patients. However, the effect of direct bypass and combined bypass surgery specifically for hemorrhagic-type MMD had not been investigated yet.