Population pharmacokinetics and Monte Carlo-based dosing optimization of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

This study aimed to develop population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models for intravenous sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) to optimize dosing regimens for the treatment of pneumonia using these models. A prospective study was conducted in 79 patients treated with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PopPK models were developed using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling to evaluate the effects of liver function, kidney function, and genetic polymorphisms ( and ) on pharmacokinetic parameters.

Shape memory hydrogels in tissue engineering: Recent advances and challenges.

Shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) have emerged as transformative materials in tissue engineering, owing to their unique ability to recover their original shape after deformation. These hydrogels combine hydrophilicity and elasticity with shape memory capabilities, making them ideal candidates for various biomedical applications. This review examines their innovative design and synthesis, highlighting the physical and biological characteristics that make them well-suited for tissue engineering, such as mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.

WeChat-assisted strategies for personalized health management in patients with AECOPD: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To investigate the application effect of personalized health management strategies based on the WeChat platform in improving the overall health status of patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD), aiming to provide scientific evidence for enhancing the health management of AECOPD patients.

Methods: From February 2024 to September 2024, a total of 120 AECOPD patients treated in the Comprehensive Ward of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine at the Second People's Hospital of Fuyang City were selected. They were divided into an observation group and a control group, each consisting of 60 patients, using the random number table method.

NAP1L5 in acute myeloid leukemia: a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.

Background: Nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 5 (NAP1L5), a critical regulator of gene transcription and nucleosome assembly, has been implicated in the progression and poor prognosis of various cancers. However, its specific role and molecular mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain largely unexplored.

Methods: To identify key genes associated with AML, we analyzed gene expression profiles from AML patients and healthy controls using microarray datasets obtained from the GEO database.

The ionic and protonation states of flavin control the activation and recovery of Drosophila cryptochrome.

Drosophila cryptochrome (dCry) is a flavin-containing photoreceptor. The release of C-terminal tail (CTT) upon illumination is a crucial step for the light sensing of dCry. Here, we demonstrated that both anionic semiquinone (asq) and anionic hydroquinone (hq) triggered CTT release, while neutral semiquinone (nsq) formation suppressed it.

A GhBGH2-GhGLK1 Regulatory Module Mediates Salt Tolerance in Cotton.

Soil salinisation, exacerbated by climate change and human activities such as irrigation mismanagement, improper land use and excessive fertilisation, has become a major constraint on global crop production by disrupting fundamental metabolic processes like seed germination and photosynthesis. In our previous work, transcriptome sequencing of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cotton germplasms identified Gh_D04G136300, a negative regulatory gene downregulated in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive materials. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its closest homologue to be AtBGH2, leading to its designation as GhBGH2.

Soil microbial legacy mediated by buckwheat flavonoids enhances cabbage resistance to clubroot disease.

Background: The legacy of plant growth significantly impacts the health of subsequent plants, yet the mechanisms by which soil legacies in crop rotation systems influence disease resistance through rhizosphere plant-microbiome interactions remain unclear. Using a buckwheat-cabbage rotation model, we investigated how microbial soil legacies shape cabbage growth and clubroot disease resistance.

Results: Three-year field trials revealed that buckwheat rotation sustainably reduced clubroot severity by 67%-97%, regardless of pathogen load.

Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic C-H Functionalization: Sustainable Pathways for Polymer Upcycling.

Synthetic polymers serve as cornerstones of modern industry, offering exceptional mechanical strength, chemical inertness, and cost-effectiveness. The continuous pursuit of advanced materials has expanded polymer diversity through innovative synthetic methodologies. Among them, post-functionalization is one of the most effective strategies, which employs polymers as the substrate for precision modification.

Germline mutations in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (LA-HLH) and patient outcomes.

Lymphoma-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/syndrome (LA-HLH/LAHS) represents the most prevalent form of malignancy-associated HLH and is associated with an exceptionally poor prognosis. Emerging evidence implicates germline mutations as potential contributors to hematologic abnormalities, suggesting a genetic predisposition in affected individuals. We conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES) on a cohort of 12 LA-HLH patients, with detailed analysis of 3 representative cases exhibiting coexisting genetic disorders.

The myeloid cell-driven transdifferentiation of endothelial cells into pericytes promotes the restoration of BBB function and brain self-repair after stroke.

Ischemic stroke, one of the leading causes of death in the world, is accompanied by the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which aggravates neuron damage. However, the mechanisms underlying the restoration of BBB in the chronic stage after stroke remain unclear. Here, pericyte pool alterations and their consequences for BBB integrity and brain recovery were analyzed in the C57BL/6 mice stroke model.

FBXW8-mediated degradation of PPT1 suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, characterized by its aggressive growth, high metastatic potential, and resistance to therapeutic interventions. Dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is recognized as a hallmark of cancer; however, its precise functional contributions to HCC pathogenesis remain incompletely elucidated. In the present study, we identify F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 8 (FBXW8), an F-box protein component of the Cullin-RING ligase (CRL) complex, as a pivotal tumor suppressor in HCC.

Dosimetric evaluation of a novel automated noncoplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy technique for treating optic nerve sheath meningiomas.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric outcomes for the target and organs at risk (OARs) in patients with optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs), comparing HyperArc (HA), a novel automated noncoplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique, with two other advanced VMAT techniques.

Methods: Nine patients with ONSMs were re-planned using three radiotherapy techniques: HA employing four preconfigured noncoplanar partial arcs on the Varian TrueBeam, a two-arc coplanar VMAT on the Varian TrueBeam (TB-VMAT), and a two-arc coplanar VMAT on the Varian Halcyon (HAL-VMAT). All treatment plans aimed to deliver 50.

Association of the ICH Score With Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment Over a 10-Year Period.

Objective: The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score was developed to enhance provider communication and facilitate early severity assessment. We examined the association of the ICH score with mortality and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WLST) in a large, multicenter stroke registry, and evaluated temporal trends in these associations.

Methods: We identified ICH patients from the Florida Stroke Registry from 2013 to 2022.

Recyclable self-secreting autonomous healing dielectrics for millisecond water quality sensing.

Developing a sustainable, in-situ responsive sensing method for continuously monitoring water quality is crucial for water use and quality management globally. Conventional water quality monitoring sensors face challenges in achieving ultrafast response time and are non-recyclable. We present a self-assembly approach for a closed-loop recyclable, autonomous self-healing and transparent dielectric material with nanostructured amphiphobic surfaces (termed 'ReSURF').

BmPriS promotes silk gland growth by regulating endoreplication in silkworm.

Endoreplication, also known as the endocycle, is a variant of the cell cycle that occurs in the silk glands of silkworms. Although the primase α subunit (PriS) has been reported to be involved in the initiation of DNA replication, its role in silk gland cell endoreplication remains unclear. In our study, we observed that BmPriS expression in the posterior silk gland (PSG) progressively increased during the late fifth instar.

IL-33 Participates in -Induced Bacterial Vaginosis: Involvement of Intravaginal IgA.

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common gynecological disease characterized by an abnormal increase in vaginal secretions, odor and itching. The pathogenesis of BV is not fully understood, but it is believed that the disruption of the mucosal immune system plays a key role. We investigated the role of IL-33 in preventing BV and explored the mechanism by which IL-33 regulates intravaginal IgA.

"On-Off" electrochemical sensing toward mercury pollution in tea exonuclease III triggered target recycling amplification.

Mercury ion (Hg) pollution in tea poses significant risks to human health due to its high toxicity, bioaccumulation, and potential to cause neurological and kidney damage. Sensitive monitoring of Hg in tea is therefore critical for food safety and public health. Here, we developed an electrochemical biosensor for ultrasensitive Hg assay by integrating thymine-Hg-thymine (T-Hg-T) mismatch recognition with exonuclease III (EXO III)-assisted dual signal amplification.

Targeting epigenetic reprogramming in DLBCL and its interaction with the tumor microenvironment for novel therapeutic approaches.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common aggressive form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, despite significant advancements in therapy, a substantial proportion of patients will relapse or exhibit refractory disease. DLBCL exhibits complex interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment, significantly influenced by epigenetic dysregulation. Recent advances in genomics, transcriptomics and single-cell analyses have unveiled how epigenetic alterations - including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA editing - dynamically regulate immune evasion and tumor progression.

Case Report: BCMA-targeting CAR T-cell therapy induces complete and durable remission in relapsed extramedullary plasmablastic multiple myeloma.

Plasmablastic multiple myeloma (PBM) is an aggressive multiple myeloma (MM) form, identified by a high risk of recurrence and poor prognosis, with limited effective treatment options. Present study reports a case initially diagnosed with IgG-kappa MM with double-hit genetics. Following induction chemotherapy with bortezomib, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (VAD), and subsequent consolidation therapy with ixazomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone, the disease progressed, manifesting as a plasmoblastic tumor in the right pelvic cavity.

The coexistence of crowned dens sign and calcification of ligamentum flavum in the cervical spine: mere coincidence or meaningful association?

We present a case series of cervical radiculomyelopathy caused by calcification of the ligamentum flavum (CLF), with or without concomitant periodontoid calcification. A brief literature review is presented, highlighting a potential relationship between these 2 conditions. In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of 33 patients diagnosed with cervical CLF.

Metal artifact reduction combined with deep learning image reconstruction algorithm for CT image quality optimization: a phantom study.

Background: Aiming to evaluate the effects of the smart metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm and combinations of various scanning parameters, including radiation dose levels, tube voltage, and reconstruction algorithms, on metal artifact reduction and overall image quality, to identify the optimal protocol for clinical application.

Methods: A phantom with a pacemaker was examined using standard dose (effective dose (ED): 3 mSv) and low dose (ED: 0.5 mSv), with three scan voltages (70, 100, and 120 kVp) selected for each dose.

Analysis of prognostic factors and risk prediction in brain metastases: a SEER population-based study.

Background: This study investigates survival disparities and prognostic factors in patients with brain metastases originating from various primary cancers to facilitate risk stratification and enhance precision in diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with brain metastases between 2010 and 2018 were identified from the SEER database for analysis. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests, complemented by multivariate Cox regression analysis.

The impact of chronic illness resources, fear of recurrence, hope, and health locus of control on self-management behaviors in post-stroke patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Stroke often leads to functional impairment in patients and carries a risk of recurrence. Therefore, it is crucial for post-stroke patients to proactively pursue self-management behaviors that foster functional recovery and prevent recurrent strokes, such as keeping a balanced diet or exercising. The implementation of self-management behaviors requires the combined influence of internal and external factors, which have not been fully explored.

Nanoagent-Mediated Photothermal Therapy: From Delivery System Design to Synergistic Theranostic Applications.

In contemporary medicine, cancer poses a perilous threat to human life, health, and quality of life, remaining a central focus of medical research and clinical practice. Although traditional cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, have demonstrated some degree of success, they continue to encounter substantial challenges, including incomplete tumor eradication and the occurrence of severe adverse effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel cancer treatment strategies characterized by high efficacy, low toxicity, and precise targeting.

An efficient hairy root system for validation of CRISPR/Cas system activities in cotton.

The hairy root induction system has been widely applied in studying gene expression and function in plant species due to its rapidity and efficiency. The hairy root system is an efficient tool for evaluating the activities of CRISPR/Cas systems. Cotton hairy roots were primarily induced through cotton tissue culture under aseptic conditions and by injecting cotton stem tips under non-aseptic conditions.