Dual-functional phthalamide modulation of aging-resistant PbI for efficient perovskite solar cells.

The sequential preparation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has received widespread concern for its use in large-scale perovskite modules and perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, the instability of the PbI precursor solution and the incomplete reaction of ammonium salts hinder the industrialization of PSCs. Here, by introducing phthalamide (PA) into PbI solution, the carbonyl oxygen of PA molecules undergoes a bidentate coordination reaction with Pb to form an octahedral coordination structure, and the nitrogen atom in the -NH group exhibits weakly acidic properties due to the conjugation effect.

Assessing the diagnostic accuracy of unilateral systematic biopsy combined with targeted biopsy.

Background: To evaluate unilateral systematic biopsy (SB) combined with targeted biopsy (TB) and assess its diagnostic accuracy in a real-world, single-centre setting.

Methods: Patients with ≥1 MRI lesion who underwent both transperineal 12-core and 3-core TB were enrolled in this study. Detection rates for total prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant PCa (csPCa) were compared between TB, unilateral SB+TB, and SB+TB.

Unlocking Strategic Metals from Zinc Smelting Dust: Ultrasound-ClO Synergy and Atomic-Scale Leaching Mechanisms.

This study proposes an innovative ultrasonic-assisted ClO oxidative leaching (UCL) process for Zn, In, and Ge synergistic recovery from zinc smelting dust (ZSD). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals the synergistic association of In/Ge and Cu in sphalerite, which breaks through the limitations of the traditional characterization techniques for trace element analysis in ZSD. Through appropriate process parameters(0.

A stepwise ionic liquid extraction method for plant leaf protein extraction.

Background: Protein extraction from plant leaves is a key step in plant proteomics analysis. However, traditional methods often face challenges, including low efficiency, incomplete protein coverage, and environmental concerns. These limitations highlight the need for developing more efficient and environmentally friendly extraction techniques.

Population pharmacokinetics and Monte Carlo-based dosing optimization of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

This study aimed to develop population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models for intravenous sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and trimethoprim (TMP) to optimize dosing regimens for the treatment of pneumonia using these models. A prospective study was conducted in 79 patients treated with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. PopPK models were developed using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling to evaluate the effects of liver function, kidney function, and genetic polymorphisms ( and ) on pharmacokinetic parameters.

CircPLK1 upregulates ETS1 to confer anthracycline resistance in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background And Objectives: Circular RNAs play a vital role in developing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Likewise, the function of circRNAs in TNBC resistance to chemotherapy remains largely unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate whether circPLK1 has a biological efect on anthracycline resistance in TNBC.

Terahertz ptychography enabled by untrained physics-driven neural networks.

Ptychography is a phase imaging technique that leverages intensity images obtained by translating objects across an illumination beam. Deep learning has demonstrated promising potential in solving inverse problems, offering effective solutions for phase retrieval. However, obtaining substantial amounts of labeled data in the terahertz (THz) bands for pretraining the neural networks is very challenging, thereby limiting the generalization ability of the networks.

Kinematical error analysis and autonomous calibration of a 5PUS-RPUR parallel robot.

Kinematic calibration is essential for improving the absolute accuracy of parallel robots, but conventional identification methods often struggle with the complex, non-linear coupling of their numerous geometric error parameters. This can lead to convergence to local rather than global optima, limiting the effectiveness of the calibration. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel self-calibration methodology based on a global optimization strategy.

Short-course-based TNT with or without PD-1 inhibitor for pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer: Phase 2 results of a randomized trial (STELLAR II).

Background: The therapeutic efficacy and mode of combining immunotherapy with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/microsatellite stable (MSS) locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remain uncertain.

Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, seamless phase 2/3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05484024), eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) (5 Gy × 5), followed by 4 cycles of capecitabine and oxaliplatin or 6 cycles of leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and fluorouracil, with (iTNT group) or without (total neoadjuvant therapy [TNT] group) 4 cycles of sintilimab.

Variation in Microbiota and Chemical Components Within During Initial Wood Decay.

Deadwood is essential for the forest ecosystem productivity and stability. A growing body of evidence indicates that deadwood-inhabiting microbes are effective decomposition agents, yet little is known about how changes in microbial communities during the initial deadwood decay. In a small forest area, we performed dense sampling from the top, middle, and bottom portions of two representative cultivars logs to track deadwood xylem microbiota shift during the initial deadwood decay.

High-confidence reconstruction for Laplace inversion in NMR based on uncertainty-informed deep learning.

Laplace-related techniques in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), including both standalone Laplace NMR and combined Laplace-Fourier NMR, provide detailed insights into molecular dynamics and spin interactions through the measurement of relaxation and diffusion parameters, offering complementary chemical resolution to Fourier NMR. Spectrum reconstruction with accurate diffusion coefficients or relaxation time is essential for the Laplace-related NMR experiments, but existing processing methods generally yield varying results because of the ill-posed nature of inverse Laplace transform, making it challenging to assess the accuracy and reliability of estimations without ideal references. To address this, we developed a deep learning-based method that not only recovers parameter distributions from exponential signals with improved accuracy but also provides an uncertainty estimation for each reconstruction result.

Outcomes After Acute Plasma Exchange for Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.

Background And Objectives: Data on the plasma exchange (PLEX) in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are limited. Herein, we evaluate outcomes after PLEX in MOGAD.

Methods: This international multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients from 18 tertiary care centers in 6 countries.

Elevated C-reactive protein and D-dimer to predict venous thromboembolism in patients with bladder cancer.

Objective: This study evaluated C-reactive protein (CRP) in hospitalized patients with bladder cancer (BC) and explored the predictive value of CRP for venous thromboembolism (VTE), combining CRP and D-dimer (D-D) levels to improve the ability to predict the risk of VTE in BC patients, thereby better guiding clinical prevention and treatment of this disease.

Methods: Clinical data from 4,438 patients with BC admitted between January 2015 and December 2020 were reviewed. After screening, 2,164 patients remained.

Age- and sex-related changes in proximal humeral volumetric BMD assessed via chest CT with a deep learning-based segmentation model.

Unlabelled: Accurate assessment of proximal humeral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) is essential for surgical planning in shoulder pathology. However, age-related changes in proximal humeral vBMD remain poorly characterized. This study developed a deep learning-based method to assess proximal humeral vBMD and identified sex-specific age-related changes.

The mechanism of m6A methylation analysis of the transcriptome to regulate the diameter of Alpine Merino wool fiber.

Objective: Wool is an important textile raw material, and fiber diameter is a major determinant of the economic value and quality of wool products. Analyses of the regulatory mechanisms underlying wool fiber diameter are necessary for the development of strategies to improve wool fineness. Therefore, we used methylationomics to analyze the skin tissue of individuals with different fiber diameters, and analyzed the apparent regulation mechanism of wool fiber diameter.

Laser-Ultrasound Responsive Nanoreactor to Remodel the Microenvironment of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infection for Diabetic Wound Healing.

Diabetic wounds with drug-resistant bacterial infections pose a formidable clinical challenge, which is attributed to adverse microenvironments, including hypoxia, biofilm formation, and insufficient reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). To overcome these issues, a laser-ultrasound responsive nanoreactor that comprises NO-intercalated and defect-rich CoMn-layered double hydroxide (LDH) on black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets (D-CoMn LDH-NO@BP) is fabricated. It exhibits catalase-like activity for O generation, facilitates NO release under acidic conditions, and promotes ROS/RNS generation upon laser-ultrasound activation, resulting in ferroptosis, biofilm degradation, and hypoxia alleviation for accelerated wound healing.

Effects of vitamins C and E supplementation combined with 12-week resistance training in older women with sarcopenia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Resistance training (RT) is a fundamental sarcopenia treatment, but its efficacy may be enhanced by nutritional strategies. This study investigated whether combining RT with vitamins C and E supplementation yields additive benefits in sarcopenia patients.

Methods: Sixty older women with sarcopenia (60-75 years) were randomized to an antioxidant supplementation group (AS; 1000 mg/d vitamin C and 335 mg/d vitamin E) or a placebo group (PLA) following the same elastic-band RT program.

Estimated glucose disposal rate and its dual role in hyperlipidemia risk and mortality: a secondary analysis of retrospective cohort data from U.S. and Chinese.

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a major global public health issue and a significant risk factor for various chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with hyperlipidemia. Estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a non-invasive tool for assessing IR, may have clinical utility in identifying hyperlipidemia and predicting its prognosis.

Metabolic Reprogramming Shapes the Progression and Therapeutic Landscape of Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) remains one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies due to its asymptomatic progression, frequent late-stage diagnosis, and high rates of chemoresistance and recurrence. Beyond genetic alterations, recent studies highlight the central role of metabolic reprogramming in driving OC initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. OC cells exhibit dynamic metabolic reprogramming, enabling dynamic shifts between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation depending on environmental conditions and treatment pressures.

Running exercise reverses depression-induced bone marrow myeloid skewing and neuroinflammation via the lactate-GPR81 axis.

Exercise has emerged as a powerful non-pharmacological intervention for mental health, yet its precise mechanisms in alleviating depression remain incompletely understood. Here, using a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) mouse model, we demonstrate that prolonged stress induces hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) activation, leading to myeloid-biased hematopoiesis and an overproduction of Ly6C monocytes, which contribute to systemic and hippocampal inflammation. Notably, treadmill running exercise effectively mitigated depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in CUS mice by suppressing stress-induced HSC activation, restoring hematopoietic balance, and reducing peripheral Ly6C monocyte infiltration into the brain.

Real-time monitoring of mitochondrial temperature and calcium spikes using fluorescent organic probes.

Astrocytes, the abundant glial cells, maintain cerebral homeostasis and cognitive functions through calcium signalling - a regulatory pathway that is frequently altered in brain disease. Mitochondria serve as thermal hubs in living systems, generating metabolic heat during respiratory substrate oxidation and ATP synthesis. Crucially, mitochondrial temperature variations directly reflect metabolic status, as impaired ATP production induces thermodynamic shifts.

The importance of measuring the endometrial cavity length in deciding the ideal place for embryo transfer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The relationship between clinical pregnancy rates and embryo transfer positioning remains a matter of considerable debate, with persistent inconsistencies reported across existing studies. A notable limitation of existing studies is their failure to systematically account for anatomical variations in the endometrial cavity dimensions. The purpose of the present study was to determine the ideal location for embryo transfer according to different endometrial cavity lengths.

Controllable Synthesis of Monodisperse CeO Nanoparticles with Tunable Sizes for Chemical-Mechanical Polishing.

CeO has been widely employed in semiconductors and ultraprecision optical polishing on account of its remarkable physical, chemical, and mechanical qualities. In this work, we present an efficient strategy to prepare monodisperse CeO nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable sizes through a solvothermal method integrated with the following in situ surface modification procedure. The as-prepared CeO NPs exhibit excellent monodispersibility and regular spherical morphology.

Vitamin D supplementation ameliorates anemia of inflammation by reducing hepcidin levels and inactivating inflammatory signaling pathways.

Background: Anemia of inflammation (AI) is a mild form of anemia. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to an increased risk of AI. This study aims to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of vitamin D in AI.