Association between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and female breast cancer based on NHANES data (2001-2018): A cross-sectional study.

Worldwide cancer statistics have shown that breast cancer dominates female cancer incidence and remains a leading cause of death. The Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) is a new prognostic indicator of systemic inflammation used to assess systemic immune-inflammatory response levels in the human body. It is associated with the prognosis of various diseases, such as malignant tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases.

Safety of fruquintinib in Chinese patients with colorectal cancer: an age subgroup analysis from a phase IV real-world clinical practice study.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasingly prevalent among young adults (<50 years) in China, a demographic that has been historically underrepresented in clinical studies. While most patients with CRC are aged ⩾65 years, this age group is also underrepresented in trials, highlighting the need for a better understanding of treatment outcomes in both younger and older populations. A recent phase IV trial evaluating the safety of fruquintinib in Chinese patients with metastatic CRC (mCRC) showed a manageable profile.

Lysophosphatidic acid-induced YAP activation regulates osteogenesis of MC3T3-E1.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small bioactive lysophospholipid that elicits diverse biological activities in bone homeostasis and diseases. However, the specific functions of LPA and intrinsic mechanism underlying these processes is not well understood. In this study, we identified that LPA regulated cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation primarily via LPA in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells.

Nascent liver proteome reveals enzymes and transcription regulators under physiological and alcohol exposure conditions.

The liver proteome undergoes dynamic changes while performing hundreds of essential biological functions. Dysregulation of the liver proteome under alcoholic conditions leads to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), a major health challenge worldwide. There is an urgent need for quantitative and liver-specific proteome information in living animals to understand the pathophysiological dynamics of this largest solid organ.

The Effects of Multimodal Sensory Interventions on the Behavioral States and Feeding Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Multimodal sensory interventions generally facilitate oral feeding in preterm infants. However, variability exists in forms of interventions, leading to inconsistent effects.

Purpose: The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of multimodal sensory interventions on behavioral states and feeding outcomes in preterm infants.

Laser-Ultrasound Responsive Nanoreactor to Remodel the Microenvironment of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infection for Diabetic Wound Healing.

Diabetic wounds with drug-resistant bacterial infections pose a formidable clinical challenge, which is attributed to adverse microenvironments, including hypoxia, biofilm formation, and insufficient reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). To overcome these issues, a laser-ultrasound responsive nanoreactor that comprises NO-intercalated and defect-rich CoMn-layered double hydroxide (LDH) on black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets (D-CoMn LDH-NO@BP) is fabricated. It exhibits catalase-like activity for O generation, facilitates NO release under acidic conditions, and promotes ROS/RNS generation upon laser-ultrasound activation, resulting in ferroptosis, biofilm degradation, and hypoxia alleviation for accelerated wound healing.

An Adaptive Force Matching Potential for Alanine Developed with Møller-Plesset Perturbation Theory and Smooth Fourier Transform Correction Map.

Developing accurate force fields for biomolecules remains a significant challenge due to the subtle energetic differences between various conformational states. We present a novel force field model for polyalanine, ALAMP2_25, developed using adaptive force matching (AFM) with Møller-Plesset perturbation theory at the second order (MP2) as the reference method. By fitting smaller model compounds and transferring parameters to larger peptides, we overcome the limitations of traditional AFM approaches and enable the use of more accurate electronic structure methods.

The Role of Oxytocin in Parental Care.

Parental behaviors are essential for offspring survival and shaped by hormonal changes and adaptations in the neural circuits. Oxytocin, a nonapeptide, has been shown to play an important role in promoting parental behaviors. Using cutting-edge tools, studies have recently uncovered how oxytocin mediates parental behaviors through modulation of different neural circuits.

A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Research Examining the Causal Association Between Ischemic Stroke and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Although prior observational research has indicated a potential association between ischemic stroke (IS) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), it is still unclear how the two conditions are causally related. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the causal association between IS, including large artery stroke (LAS), cardioembolic stroke (CES), small vessel stroke (SVS), and OSA by the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods: To avoid bias caused by heterogeneity among populations with different genetic backgrounds, this study selected only databases related to the European population for analysis.

Trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients from China with previously treated human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive locally advanced/metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (DESTINY-Gastric06): results from a single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 trial.

Background: Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd; 6·4 mg/kg) is approved for metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (HER2+) gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma after a trastuzumab-based regimen. We report the final analysis of DESTINY-Gastric06, evaluating T-DXd in pretreated patients from China with advanced HER2+ gastric cancers (GC).

Methods: The single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 DESTINY-Gastric06 trial (NCT04989816) enrolled patients from China with HER2+ (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 3+ or IHC 2+; locally documented) advanced gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma with two or more prior treatments.

BOP2-Comb: Bayesian Optimal Phase II Design for Optimizing Doses and Assessing Contribution of Components in Drug Combinations.

Background: Personalized cancer treatment using combination therapies offers substantial therapeutic benefits over single-agent treatments in most cancers. However, unmet clinical needs and increasing market competition pressure drug developers to quickly optimize combination doses and clearly demonstrate the contribution of each component when developing and evaluating new combination treatments.

Methods: We propose a Bayesian optimal phase II drug-combination (BOP2-Comb) design that optimizes the combination dose and evaluates the proof-of-concept as well as the contribution of each component in two seamless stages.

Resistance or compliance? The impact of algorithmic awareness on people's attitudes toward online information browsing.

Introduction: With the pervasive integration of big data algorithms into daily life, individuals increasingly rely on algorithmic filtering to access information of interest, yet simultaneously face the risk of confinement within "information cocoons." This study examines how algorithmic awareness influences people's attitudes toward online information browsing.

Methods: Using a 2 × 2 mixed design (algorithmic awareness × browsing purpose), this study reveals the mediating roles of perceived power and internal control.

Effect and validation of plate thickness dimensional effects on grouting compactness in bridge ducts based on ultrasonic testing.

Based on the theory of ultrasonic non-destructive testing, this study investigates the dimensional effect of plate thickness on the detection of grouting compactness in prestressed bridge ducts. By combining finite element simulation with engineering case validation, a high-precision time-domain analysis model is proposed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the grouting compactness of prestressed bridge pipeline with varying plate thicknesses. This study employs ABAQUS finite element software to simulate and analyze the excitation, propagation, and reception characteristics of ultrasonic waves in concrete structural components.

Fruquintinib in less pretreated patients: Multivariate profile-matching analysis of FRESCO-2 to FRESCO.

Background: In the phase 3 FRESCO (NCT02314819) and FRESCO-2 (NCT04322539) studies, fruquintinib vs placebo, plus best supportive care, significantly improved overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). These studies were conducted in temporally and geographically diverse populations that received distinct prior therapies; FRESCO patients were less pretreated than FRESCO-2 patients. This analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of fruquintinib in a less pretreated global population than the FRESCO-2 intention-to-treat (ITT) population.

Design and verification of an off-axis four-mirror freeform telescope for visible imaging.

With the advancement of freeform optical design, fabrication, measurement, and assembly technology, the application of freeform optical systems is becoming increasingly widespread. The number of optical components in freeform optical systems has increased from two mirrors to three mirrors and four mirrors, and their application bands have also expanded from long-wave infrared (LWIR) to visible light. This paper designed and developed an off-axis four-mirror freeform telescope for visible light imaging.

Unobscured off-axis three-mirror freeform all-aluminum imaging telescope.

Freeform optics has emerged as a significant design tool over the past decade. Non-rotationally symmetric optical surfaces enable high-performance imaging systems to achieve a large field of view (FOV), high resolution, low distortion, lightweight construction, and compact structure simultaneously. Advances in single-point diamond-turning fabrication and computer-generated hologram (CGH)-based metrology are gradually making optical imaging with freeform optics more practical.

Soybean domestication alters rhizosphere microbial assembly and disrupts the potential bacteria-protist relationships.

Crop domestication has long been known to reshape rhizosphere microbial communities, yet research has focused disproprotionately on bacteria and fungal responses to crop domestication while neglecting protist communities. Protists, as key microbial predators regulating bacterial populations and thereby their functionalities, remain understudied in this context. Here, we investigate the influence of soybean domestication on both bacterial and protist communities, with a focus on the reorganization of ecological strategies, specifically generalists and specialists, within these microbiomes.

Six new bacterial species isolated from the phycosphere of marine macroalgae: a joint analysis based on taxonomy and polysaccharide utilization loci.

Marine macroalgae-associated play crucial roles in global carbon cycling through polysaccharide degradation, yet their taxonomic and functional diversity remains understudied. Here, we describe six novel species (strains 3-376, 4-2040, 2-473A, 4-528, 4-911 and 463) within the families , , and isolated from macroalgal surfaces in the coastal area of Weihai, China. Metagenomic read recruitment and 16S rRNA abundance analyses demonstrated host-specific associations.

Surgical and blood-based minimal residual disease in patients with ovarian cancer after frontline therapy: Clinical outcomes and translational opportunities.

Purpose: Minimal residual disease (MRD) after frontline treatment of advanced stage ovarian cancer remains a longstanding barrier to cure. We investigated the prognostic and translational value of MRD detection by second look laparoscopy (SLL) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) at the completion of frontline therapy.

Experimental Design: Patients with high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer with complete clinical response to frontline therapy who underwent SLL and plasma collection for ctDNA were included.

PoweREST: Statistical power estimation for spatial transcriptomics experiments to detect differentially expressed genes between two conditions.

Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomics (ST) have significantly enhanced biological research in various domains. However, the high cost for current ST data generation techniques restricts the large-scale application of ST. Consequently, maximization of the use of available resources to achieve robust statistical power for ST data is a pressing need.

Efficacy and safety of IBI351 (fulzerasib) monotherapy in KRAS inhibitor-naïve Chinese patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis from phase I part of two studies.

IBI351 (also known as fulzerasib or GFH925), an irreversible covalent inhibitor of KRAS, has demonstrated promising anti-tumour activity in patients with solid tumours. In this study, data were pooled from the phase I part of two clinical studies (NCT05005234 and NCT05497336), aiming to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IBI351 monotherapy in KRAS inhibitor-naïve Chinese patients with KRAS-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective response rate (ORR) was the primary endpoint.

Donor-derived CD7 CAR T cells for pediatric and adult relapsed/refractory T-ALL/LBL: a phase 2 trial.

This phase II trial assessed CD7 CAR T-cells derived from previous transplant or newly HLA-matched donors for relapsed/refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. It was designed to enroll 70 patients but terminated early, with 55 ultimately treated, due to discontinuation of departmental operations. Within three months, 89% (n=49) achieved best overall response of partial remission or better.

Precision generalized phase I-II designs.

A new family of precision Bayesian dose optimization designs, PGen I-II, based on early efficacy, early toxicity, and long-term time to treatment failure is proposed. A PGen I-II design refines a Gen I-II design by accounting for patient heterogeneity characterized by subgroups that may be defined by prognostic levels, disease subtypes, or biomarker categories. The design makes subgroup-specific decisions, which may be to drop an unacceptably toxic or inefficacious dose, randomize patients among acceptable doses, or identify a best dose in terms of treatment success defined in terms of time to failure over long-term follow-up.