Substrate and inhibitor binding of human GABA transporter 3.

GABA (g-aminobutyric acid) transporter 3 (GAT3) is primarily found in glial cells and is essential for regulating GABA homeostasis in the central nervous system by mediating GABA uptake. Consequently, GAT3 has emerged as a significant therapeutic target for the treatment of epilepsy. In this study, we present the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of GAT3 bound to its substrate GABA, the selective inhibitor SNAP-5114, and in the substrate-free state.

Design optimization of mutual dissolution layer and diffusion interface layer in planar heterojunction near-infrared organic phototransistors for ultrahigh photosensitivity.

The interfacial mutual solubility can result in a random distribution of donor and acceptor materials during the spin-coating step in the fabrication of planar heterojunction (PHJ) near-infrared (NIR) organic phototransistors. In this case, deep trap states are induced by acceptors, accelerating electron-hole recombination, ultimately impairing the photoresponsivity of the phototransistor. To solve this issue, a controllable mutual dissolution layer (formed by co-solvent treatment) combined with a diffusion interface layer (formed by the solvent vapor annealing (SVA) method) was introduced to achieve a more ordered arrangement of donors and acceptors, thereby enhancing the electrical performance of PHJ-based NIR phototransistors.

Unlocking Strategic Metals from Zinc Smelting Dust: Ultrasound-ClO Synergy and Atomic-Scale Leaching Mechanisms.

This study proposes an innovative ultrasonic-assisted ClO oxidative leaching (UCL) process for Zn, In, and Ge synergistic recovery from zinc smelting dust (ZSD). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry reveals the synergistic association of In/Ge and Cu in sphalerite, which breaks through the limitations of the traditional characterization techniques for trace element analysis in ZSD. Through appropriate process parameters(0.

Light-responsive intelligent microstructures constructed via dual 3D architectures.

Light-responsive intelligent micromachines hold great promise in soft robotics owing to their localized actuation and flexible remote control. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to realize light-driven micromechanical structures featuring low actuation thresholds, rapid responses, and complex deformation capabilities. Here, a single-material-based dual-3D (3D programmable design and 3D deformation) printing strategy based on two-photon polymerization direct laser writing (TPP-DLW) technology is proposed for fabricating light-responsive smart actuators.

Development and validation of a Hypoxia and Lactate Metabolism Prognostic Score (HLMPS) for breast cancer using machine learning.

Background: Previous studies often overlooked the roles of hypoxia and lactate metabolism in the breast cancer (BRCA) microenvironment. This study developed and validated a novel prognostic model for BRCA based on hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) and lactate metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) using machine learning approaches. The aim was to identify molecular subtypes capable of predicting patient prognosis and treatment response, thereby facilitating precision medicine strategies for BRCA.

TRIM59 suppresses mitochondrial-associated apoptosis to facilitate progression in papillary renal cell carcinoma via the ACAT1-cardiolipin pathway.

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a challenging renal cell carcinoma subtype with poor prognosis and limited treatment options due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family is involved in various cellular processes, including oncogenesis. Among these, TRIM59 has emerged as a potential oncogene in multiple cancers; however, its role in pRCC progression remains unclear.

Impact of altered quartz surface chemistry on mechanical properties and microstructure of geopolymers.

The preparation of geopolymers from tailings rich in quartz typically requires activation to enhance final strength, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Quartz, as a common inert gangue mineral in tailings, was selected as the research subject. Quartz with varying reactivity was prepared through mechanical activation of different particle sizes and used for geopolymer synthesis, aiming to elucidate the strengthening mechanism of activated quartz on geopolymers.

Research on the mechanism of mechanochemical activation for enhanced leaching of vanadium-bearing shale: activation kinetics and fluorine adsorption.

Vanadium-bearing shale as a strategic resource is an important raw material for extracting vanadium, and the mechanochemical activation can realize the vanadium extraction by full-wet leaching with green, low-carbon and high efficiency. Based on mineralogical research on mineral composition and distribution, mineral embedded grain size distribution, we employ a graded activation process. The mechanism of mechanochemical activation-enhanced dissolution of vanadium-bearing shale is revealed through the relationship between activation kinetics and vanadium leaching as well as the fluorine adsorption process on different minerals surfaces of vanadium-bearing shale.

Shale-hosted vanadium occupation in typical silicate mineral structures.

Vanadium is one kind of critical rare metal elements. Recently the domestic demand for vanadium has increased, and its market price has gradually climbed. In-depth study of vanadium extraction technology from shale holds obviously strategic and economic benefits.

Genetic Evidence Supporting a Role for Brain Region Volume and Functional Network Alterations in Major Depression.

Despite emerging evidence of altered brain region volumes and functional networks in major depression (MD), causal relationships remain unexplored. Here, using genetic variants related to human brain morphometry (n = 36778) and functional networks (n = 47276), bidirectional two-sample and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) is performed to systematically investigate causal relationships between 83 brain-wide volumes, 191 resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes, and MD to identify core brain region volumes and functional networks associated with MD onset. Unlike other severe psychiatric disorders, reductions in left and right ventral diencephalon and thalamus volumes, together with decreased functional connectivity between the precuneus, cuneus, or cingulate gyri and frontal regions within the triple network (default mode network, central executive network, and salience network) uniquely predict MD onset.

Overexpression of GPX4 in diabetic rat kidney alleviates renal injury induced by ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis-mediated injury in diabetic kidney (DKD) is receiving increasing attention. Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) has long been considered a key protein to prevent ferroptosis, but its exact role in the progression of DKD, where this protein down-regulated, remains unclear. Thus, to clarify GPX4 in DKD progression, we have used adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to overexpress it in kidneys of DKD rats.

A plant bunyaviral protein disrupts SERRATE phase separation to modulate microRNA biogenesis during viral pathogenesis.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) regulates diverse biological functions by mediating the assembly of biomolecular condensates. However, it remains unclear how host LLPS is targeted by viruses during infection. Here we show that a plant bunyaviral protein, the disease-specific protein (SP) encoded by rice stripe virus (RSV), possesses phase separation potential through its N-terminal intrinsically disordered region 1 (IDR1).

Dimerization and substrate recognition of human taurine transporter.

Taurine is a conditionally essential nutrient and one of the most abundant amino acids in humans, with diverse physiological functions. The cellular uptake of taurine is primarily mediated by the taurine transporter (TauT), and its dysfunction leads to retinal regeneration, cardiomyopathy, neurological and aging-associated disorders. Here we determine structures of TauT in two states: the apo inward-facing open state and the occluded state bound with substrate taurine or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

A novel few-shot learning framework for supervised diffeomorphic image registration network.

Image registration is a key technique in image processing and analysis. Due to its high complexity, the traditional registration frameworks often fail to meet real-time demands in practice. To address the real-time demand, several deep learning networks for registration have been proposed, including the supervised and the unsupervised networks.

Integration of multi-omics and crowdsourcing assessment of placenta-brain axis biomarkers for predicting neurodevelopmental disorders.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are heterogeneous and multifactorial psychiatric disorders with abnormalities in multiple biological domains. It is increasingly recognized that the placenta profoundly influences fetal neurodevelopment due to the finding of the placenta-brain axis. However, few studies have investigated the interplay between placenta dysfunction and NDDs, especially autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, and intellectual disability (ID) symptoms, by using integrative multi-omics data.

Effect of super-fast freezing before rigor mortis on quality of bovine M. longissimus lumborum.

In order to explore the effects of super-fast freezing (SFF) on beef quality, conventional chilling (CC, 0 ± 2 °C) and very fast chilling (VFC, hot-boned beef loins chilled at -30 °C and then stored at 0 ± 2 °C to bring the temperature down to 0 °C within 5 h post-mortem) were used as controls to investigate the effects of three SFF treatments (-30 °C until the core temperature decreased to -3 °C (SFF-I), -7 °C (SFF-II) and -10 °C (SFF-III), and then stored at 0 ± 2 °C until 24 h post-mortem) on beef tenderness, meat color, water holding capacity, and other related indicators. The results showed that both SFF and VFC improved the tenderness of beef at the early stage of storage compared with CC, and of these SFF-II and SFF-III were the most effective. The SFF has the potential to reduce the cooking loss but increases the purge loss of beef.

Trends and Hotspots in Research on Exercise and Alzheimer's Disease: A Decade of Bibliometric Review on Prevention and Molecular Mechanisms.

With the rapid acceleration of global aging, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise, exerting a profound impact on elderly individuals' physical health, lifestyle, and quality of life. Exercise has demonstrated significant research value and broad application potential in AD as a non-pharmacological preventive and therapeutic approach. This study aims to provide a bibliometric and visual analysis of research related to exercise and AD over the past decade.

Selective Flotation of Rutile from Chlorite Using a Combined CMC and SSF Depressant in a Benzohydroxamic Acid Collector System.

Chlorite is a common gangue mineral in primary rutile ores, which poses challenges for selective flotation. This study evaluates the depression performance of sodium fluosilicate (SSF), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and their combination (CMC+SSF) in a benzohydroxamic acid flotation system. Pure mineral flotation tests demonstrate that the individual depressants exhibit limited selectivity, whereas the CMC+SSF combination significantly enhances chlorite depression, achieving a rutile-chlorite recovery difference of 71.

The off-odor identification and CO-inhibition for high‑oxygen packaged beef spoilage associated with Brochothrix thermosphacta growth and metabolism.

Controlling bacterial spoilage off-odor is a major challenge for meat preservation, in which the influences of packaging systems on the microbial-induced off-odor characteristics and formation need further in-depth exploration. This study examined the CO effect on high‑oxygen packaged beef spoilage (specifically for off-odor) caused by Brochothrix thermosphacta growth and targeted diacetyl/acetoin biosynthetic pathway during chilled storage, and it will provide a new insight into understanding the odor preservation mechanism of CO for packaged beef. Compared with CMAP (50% O/50% N), TMAP (50% O/40% CO/10% N) inhibited B.

Chiral Self-Sorting of Flexible Covalent Organic Pillars for Adaptive Molecular Recognition.

Flexible covalent organic pillars (flex-COP-n) are introduced as a family of dual-open-ended nanotubular hosts constructed via dynamic imine condensation between pillararene-derived macrocyclic building blocks and conformationally mobile ─(CH)─ aliphatic linkers. These discrete molecular containers feature well-defined tubular channels capable of adaptive host-guest interactions. The self-assembly process exhibits a pronounced odd-even effect, yielding either enantiomeric or meso duplexes through distinct chiral self-sorting pathways.

Effectiveness and safety of camrelizumab plus apatinib in treating recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm meta-analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with apatinib in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC) and provide a basis for clinical application.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched until July 19, 2024 for relevant studies. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted.

Ultrasonic pre-treatment on the replacement of high concentration of cadmium(Ⅱ) by aluminum powder: Effect and mechanism.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal with significant recycling value. Our previous work demonstrated that ultrasonic-enhanced Cd replacement by aluminum (Al) powder outperforms non-sonicated methods, yet challenges remain in treating high-concentration Cd solutions. This study introduces an ultrasonic pre-treatment for Al powder to enhance Cd replacement in high-concentration solutions.

Association between gut microbiota and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Many studies have shown that allergic rhinitis (AR) is closely related to intestinal flora, and probiotics are effective in treatment. However, the results of human observational studies on the correlation between intestinal flora and AR have been contradictory. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gut microbiota and allergic rhinitis and to provide a clinical reference.

Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison of Arterial FOLFOX and Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab in Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Introduction: A previous phase 3 FOHAIC-1 study demonstrated that hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) of FOLFOX regimen displayed favorable outcomes in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, including those with high-risk features (main portal tumor invasion and >50% liver infiltration). This study aimed to compare the treatment efficacy of HAIC-FOLFOX versus atezolizumab-bevacizumab in HCC patients.

Methods: Individual patient data from the Chinese FOHAIC-1 study and aggregate data from the global IMbrave150 study were used to conduct an anchored matching-adjusted indirect comparison.

Vanadium Stress-Driven Microbial Acclimation Enhances Biological Denitrification in Recycling of Vanadium-Containing Industrial Wastewater.

Recirculation in vanadium mining enhances resource efficiency but risks ammonia nitrogen (NH-N) accumulation, severely compromising leaching yields. To address this bottleneck, we developed a bioaugmentation strategy using sp. S.