Reversed Gender Burden of Pancreatic Cancer Attributable to High BMI: A GBD 2021 Analysis of 204 Countries with Projections to 2041.

BackgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most lethal cancers around the world. A high body mass index (BMI) is recognized as a significant and modifiable risk factor for this disease.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.

AhR-mediated histone lactylation drives cellular senescence during benzo[a]pyrene-evoked chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and the end-product BaP-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) are representative environmental contaminants. In the present study, chronic BPDE exposure decreased pulmonary function and evoked chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-like lung lesions. In addition, the expression of p53, p21, and p16, β-galactosidase-positive cells, and the mRNA levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) were all elevated in mouse lungs and mouse lung epithelial type II (MLE-12) cells after chronic BPDE.

A novel few-shot learning framework for supervised diffeomorphic image registration network.

Image registration is a key technique in image processing and analysis. Due to its high complexity, the traditional registration frameworks often fail to meet real-time demands in practice. To address the real-time demand, several deep learning networks for registration have been proposed, including the supervised and the unsupervised networks.

Effective extracellular payload release and immunomodulatory interactions govern the therapeutic effect of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd).

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting HER2, exhibiting significant clinical efficacy in breast cancer (BC) with varying HER2 expression, including HER2-low and HER2-ultralow. However, the precise mechanism underlying its efficacy and the contribution of immune activation in these settings remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that T-DXd efficacy in HER2-low and HER2-negative BC is independent of HER2 engagement and ADC internalization.

Progesterone receptor-dependent downregulation of MHC class I promotes tumor immune evasion and growth in breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) continues to be a major health concern with 250,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the USA, 75% of which are hormone receptor positive (HR+), expressing estrogen receptor alpha (ER) and/or the progesterone receptor (PR). Although ER-targeted therapies are available, 30% of patients will develop resistance, underscoring the need for new non-ER/estrogen-based treatments. Notably, HR+BCs exhibit poor lymphocyte infiltration and contain an immunosuppressive microenvironment, which contributes to the limited efficacy of immunotherapies in HR+BC.

The combined impact of BMI and ABSI on all-cause mortality among American adults with diabetes.

Objective: Previous studies have emphasized the independent effects of anthropometric indices-including body mass index (BMI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body roundness index (BRI), and Conicity Index-on mortality. However, their combined impact, especially in diabetic populations with distinct obesity patterns, has been less frequently explored. This study investigates both the independent and combined effects of these anthropometric indices on mortality in diabetic Americans and compares their individual and combined diagnostic value.

The unique association between estimated pulse wave velocity and the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Arteriosclerosis plays a significant role as one of the key pathological mechanisms underlying Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). The estimated Pulse Wave Velocity (ePWV) is used to assess arteriosclerosis, and is considered a potential clinical surrogate for pulse wave velocity. There are no studies on ePWV in relation to DKD.

Systemic inflammation response index association with gout in hyperuricemic adults: NHANES 2007-2018.

Background: Hyperuricemia is the underlying condition of gout. Previous studies have indicated that specific strategies may be effective in preventing the progression of hyperuricemia to gout. However, there is a lack of widely applicable methods for identifying high-risk populations for gout.

Vaccination Against Androgen Receptor Splice Variants to Immunologically Target Prostate Cancer.

: Androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling are critical for the progression of prostate cancer and have been the therapeutic focus of prostate cancer for over 50 years. While a variety of agents have been developed to target this axis, many of these fail due to the emergent expression of AR RNA splice variants, such as AR-V7, that can signal independently of ligand binding. Other therapies, such as vaccination against prostate-specific antigens, have achieved FDA approvals but have fallen short of being incorporated as standard-of-care therapies for advanced prostate cancer.

Relationship between bone turnover markers and renal disease in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bone metabolism disorders increase with age. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious microvascular complications of T2DM, and bone metabolism disorders are closely linked to the occurrence of DKD. The relationship between bone turnover markers(BTMs) and the kidney disease in elderly patients with T2DM remains unclear.

Effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers in obese children and adolescents: A meta-analysis.

Background: Obesity in children and adolescents is a serious problem, and the efficacy of exercise therapy for these patients is controversial.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of exercise training on overweight and obese children based on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers.

Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials related to exercise training and obese children until October 2023.

Association between serum vitamin D level and Graves' disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This meta-analysis aims to analyze the relationship between serum vitamin D (VD) levels and Graves' disease (GD).

Methods: We conducted a search for publications on VD and GD in the English language. Our search encompassed databases such as PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, covering publications available through August 2023.

Relationship of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study of NHANES Study.

Background: To investigate the association between the NLR and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in US adults with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Methods: The data utilized for this analysis were sourced from ten National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles (1999-2018) with mortality data (up to 31 December 2019) via linkage to the National Death Index. The optimum NLR threshold for predicting survival outcomes was determined through the maximally selected rank statistics.

The unique association between the level of plateletcrit and the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The activation of platelets in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) triggers inflammation and hemodynamic abnormalities, contributing to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Despite this, research into the relationship between plateletcrit (PCT) levels and DKD is sparse, with inconsistent conclusions drawn regarding the connection between various platelet parameters and DKD. This highlights the necessity for comprehensive, large-scale population studies.

Overcoming Xenoantigen Immunity to Enable Cellular Tracking and Gene Regulation with Immune-competent "NoGlow" Mice.

Unlabelled: The ability to temporally regulate gene expression and track labeled cells makes animal models powerful biomedical tools. However, sudden expression of xenobiotic genes [e.g.

Vaccines targeting activating mutations elicit anti-tumor immune responses and suppress estrogen signaling in therapy resistant ER+ breast cancer.

ER+ breast cancers (BC) are characterized by the elevated expression and signaling of estrogen receptor alpha (, which renders them sensitive to anti-endocrine therapy. While these therapies are clinically effective, prolonged treatment inevitably results in therapeutic resistance, which can occur through the emergence of gain-of-function mutations in . The central importance of and development of mutated forms of suggest that vaccines targeting these proteins could potentially be effective in preventing or treating endocrine resistance.

Association of cardiovascular health using Life's Essential 8 with depression: Findings from NHANES 2007-2018.

Objective: Few studies have explored the correlation between cardiovascular health (CVH) and depression. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CVH using Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and depression among US adults.

Methods: 16,362 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018 were included.

Dormant tumors circumvent tumor-specific adaptive immunity by establishing a Treg-dominated niche via DKK3.

Approximately 30% of breast cancer survivors deemed free of disease will experience locoregional or metastatic recurrence even up to 30 years after initial diagnosis, yet how residual/dormant tumor cells escape immunity elicited by the primary tumor remains unclear. We demonstrate that intrinsically dormant tumor cells are indeed recognized and lysed by antigen-specific T cells in vitro and elicit robust immune responses in vivo. However, despite close proximity to CD8+ killer T cells, dormant tumor cells themselves support early accumulation of protective FoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs), which can be targeted to reduce tumor burden.

Immune-Ageing Evaluation of Peripheral T and NK Lymphocyte Subsets in Chinese Healthy Adults.

Unlabelled: Ageing is often accompanied with a decline in immune system function, resulting in immune ageing. Numerous studies have focussed on the changes in different lymphocyte subsets in diseases and immunosenescence. The change in immune phenotype is a key indication of the diseased or healthy status.

The role of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is the primary contributor to end-stage renal disease in developed countries. Existing clinical interventions for DN encompass lifestyle modifications, blood glucose regulation, blood pressure reduction, lipid management, and avoidance of nephrotoxic medications. Despite these measures, a significant number of patients progress to end-stage renal disease, underscoring the need for additional therapeutic strategies.

Ferroptosis: a new strategy for Chinese herbal medicine treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes. It has become a leading cause of death in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered pattern of programmed cell death.

Gut microbiome-mediated mechanisms in aging-related diseases: are probiotics ready for prime time?

Chronic low-grade inflammation affects health and is associated with aging and age-related diseases. Dysregulation of the gut flora is an important trigger for chronic low-grade inflammation. Changes in the composition of the gut flora and exposure to related metabolites have an effect on the inflammatory system of the host.

n-3 PUFA poor seafood consumption is associated with higher risk of gout, whereas n-3 PUFA rich seafood is not: NHANES 2007-2016.

Background And Aims: Gout, the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis, has undesirable effects on the quality of life. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) has a strong link with anti-inflammatory impacts. However, whether the harmful effects of seafood in relation to gout may vary owing to different levels of n-3 PUFA in seafood is still unclear.