Optimized Auxiliary Functions for Robust Mitigation of Finite-Size Errors in Periodic Hybrid Density Functional Theory.

When calculating properties of periodic systems at the thermodynamic limit (TDL), the dominant source of finite size error (FSE) arises from the long-range Coulomb interaction, and can manifest as a slowly converging quadrature error when approximating an integral in the reciprocal space by a finite sum. The singularity subtraction (SS) method offers a systematic approach for reducing this quadrature error and thus the FSE. In this work, we first investigate the performance of the SS method in the simplest setting, aiming at reducing the FSE in exact exchange calculations by subtracting the Coulomb contribution with a single, adjustable Gaussian auxiliary function.

Ketogenic Diet Modulates Gut Microbiota-Brain Metabolite Axis in a Sex- and Genotype-Specific Manner in APOE4 Mice.

The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), associated with early brain metabolic dysfunction and gut microbiome alterations. Targeting these early changes through dietary interventions may reduce AD risk in asymptomatic carriers. This study evaluated whether a ketogenic diet (KD) could reshape the gut microbiome and enhance key brain metabolite levels in young APOE4 mice, using APOE3 mice as a neutral-risk comparison.

Analysis of the Current Status and Characteristics of Health Economics Reporting in Clinical Practice Guidelines for 2021-2023.

Objective: While prior investigations into the reporting of health economics (HE) have predominantly focused on guideline analyses at singular institutional or national levels, this study extends its scope to encompass diverse guidance documents issued transnationally across multiple institutions. Specifically, we evaluated the reporting of HE evidence in international clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and expert consensus statements published between 2021 and 2023. The findings aim to inform the future revisions and development of such documents.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Thoracic Healthcare Professionals Toward Postoperative Pulmonary Embolism.

Postoperative pulmonary embolism (PPE) is a critical complication that can significantly affect patient outcomes. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of thoracic healthcare professionals toward PPE. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2022.

Paternal separation as an independent risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome in rural Chinese left-behind children: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: No study has assessed the relationship between separation factors and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We assess the association between the separation factors and IBS in Chinese left-behind children (LBC).

Methods: In this school-based study, we analyzed data from eight representative primary and secondary schools to assess the association between separation factors and IBS in Chinese LBC based on the Rome IV criteria.

Liver Cold Storage and Transplantation in the Cold-Adaptive Daurian Ground Squirrels.

In liver transplantation, the functional recovery of donor grafts following extended cold storage is a major challenge. The same obstacle applies to standard rodent models (e.g.

Systematic Assessment of Coulombic Efficiency in Anode-Free and Lithium Metal Batteries.

Driven by the demand for high-energy-density storage, Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) and anode-free Lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) have attracted significant attention due to their high theoretical capacity and low reduction potential. However, achieving reproducible Coulombic Efficiency (CE) measurements remains a challenge due to inconsistencies in electrochemical protocols and experimental conditions. This study systematically evaluates and compares three CE measurement methodologies, identifying key factors that influence reproducibility and accuracy.

Pan-cancer analysis of oncogenic role of MAGOH and experiment validation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Several studies have highlighted that Mago-nashi homolog (MAGOH) contributed greatly to cell development, growth, and malignant progression in multiple cancer types. Nevertheless, the role of MAGOH in pan-cancer datasets, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains uninvestigated. In this study, we first utilized diverse databases to systematically analyze the expression and significance of MAGOH across pan-cancer.

Brainstem catecholaminergic neurons induce torpor during fasting by orchestrating cardiovascular and thermoregulation changes.

Torpor, an adaptive hypometabolic state in response to fasting, is characterized by pronounced reductions in body temperature, heart rate, and thermogenesis. However, how the brain orchestrates these physiological changes to induce torpor and the relationships among them remain elusive. Inhibiting catecholaminergic (CA) neurons in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) significantly impairs torpor in mice, while their activation reduces body temperature, heart rate, energy expenditure, physical activity, and thermogenesis.

Causal Relationship Between Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolites and Intervertebral Disc Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is caused by an imbalance between the catabolic and anabolic processes within intervertebral disc tissue. Several studies have suggested a potential association between cerebrospinal fluid metabolites (CFMs) and the development of IVDD. However, the existing evidence on the relationship between CFM and IVDD is limited and inconsistent.

Multifunctional Hydrogel with Synergistic Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Macrophage Polarization-Induced Osteo-immunomodulation for Enhanced Bone Regeneration.

The regeneration of bone defects remains an enormous clinical challenge owing to locally abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the inability to timely regulate the osteoimmune microenvironment. Herein, polydopamine (PDA) modified black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) with small palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) immobilized in situ were prepared (BP@PDA-Pd) and incorporated into a gelatin methacryloyl/methacrylated poly-γ-glutamate hybrid hydrogel to fabricate a composite photocurable therapeutic platform (BPPP/GP) with excellent antioxidant and osteo-immunomodulatory activity for enhanced high-quality endogenous bone regeneration. The BPPP with optical absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region endows the composite hydrogel with excellent NIR-responsive characteristics, resulting in mild photothermal-enhanced antioxidant enzyme-like activity to scavenge ROS and the induction of endogenous cell recruitment.

Long-Term or Recurrent Antibiotic Use in Early Life and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort and a Case-Control Study.

Background: Antibiotics in childhood are commonly used and have been linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. However, direct evidence regarding the association between long-term or recurrent antibiotic use (LRAU) during early life and diabetes was scarce. We performed this study to investigate this association in two population-based studies.

Comparison of VTE prophylaxis agents on hemoglobin levels after total knee arthroplasty: a hospital information system-based observational study.

Background: While venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis is crucial following major orthopaedic surgeries including total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the impact of different prophylactic agents on postoperative hemoglobin (Hb) levels remains inadequately studied. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of aspirin, rivaroxaban, and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on early postoperative Hb changes following TKA.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, 655 primary TKAs were finally included using data from the hospital information system.

RACGAP1 promotes tumor progression by influencing neutrophil recruitment and tumor cell proliferation in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression is closely associated with the dynamic evolution of the tumor microenvironment. As a key component of the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated neutrophils exhibit protumor properties and dynamically regulate malignant processes by secreting bioactive mediators that coordinate interactions among immune cells. RACGAP1, a cytoplasmic division protein, is highly expressed in various cancers.

Impact of pullulanase concentration on resistant starch formation in whole oat grain flour through dual extrusion-debranching.

Background: Resistant starch type 5, also known as amylose-lipid complex, is a functional component that offers recognized health benefits, particularly in preventing non-communicable diseases such as diabetes. This study examined the formation of type 5 resistant starch in whole oat grain flour using a dual-extrusion process with pullulanase-assisted debranching, leveraging its inherent lipids and starch content. Whole oat grains were first extruded to gelatinize the starch, followed by a second extrusion of the resulting flour with pullulanase to debranch the starch and promote amylose-lipid complex formation.

National preoperative HIV prevalence in China: a retrospective analysis of 4,753,874 surgical patients.

The China National HIV Study (CNHS) on the surgical patient population aimed to investigate the preoperative HIV positive rate and secular trends in the surgical patient population of China. The CNHS included a nationally representative sample of participants who were diagnosed with HIV infection between 2009 and 2018 during preoperative screening selected from 27 comprehensive hospitals in nine provinces using a stratified random sampling methodology. The preoperative HIV positive rate was estimated according to age, sex, occupation, urbanization, and hospital level.

Dual-Site Catalysis in Ni-Fe Phosphides: Understanding the Bifunctional Mechanism for Water Splitting.

Nickel-iron phosphides, as promising bifunctional catalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), are still under debate due to their thermodynamic instability and unclear reaction mechanisms at multiple active sites. Here, highly exposed NiP-FeP heterostructures are synthesized, achieving rapid HER and OER with remarkably low and stable overpotentials of 86 (157) and 140 (251) mV at 10 (100) mA cm, respectively. The systematic analyses revealed two key beneficial mechanisms for the surface stability and kinetics: the self-adaptive hydrogenation (oxidation) of NiP-FeP surface under HER (OER) potentials and the cooperation between FeP and NiP.

B4GALT5 inhibits CD8 T-cell response by downregulating MHC-I level through ERAD pathway in PDAC.

Background: Immune evasion is a crucial event in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The identification of new immunotherapeutic targets may provide a promising platform for advancing PDAC treatment. This study aims to investigate the role of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase-5 (B4GALT5) in immune evasion by pancreatic cancer cells and evaluate its potential as an immunotherapeutic target.

Long-term follow-up of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis with double reverse traction repositor in patients with tibia plateau fracture: an analysis of at least seven years' outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate long-term radiological and functional outcomes in tibia plateau fractures (TPFs) patients treated using minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) and Double Reverse Traction Repositor (DRTR).

Methods: We reviewed 85 patients treated with MIPPO and DRTR at our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017. Radiologic outcomes, including tibial plateau angle (TPA), posterior slope angle (PSA), and Kellgren-Lawrence classification, were assessed, while functional outcomes were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Short Form (SF)-36, and Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS score).

Achieving Ultra-Thin Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High-Performance Lithium Metal Anodes via Chloride-Assisted Electrochemical Corrosion.

The thickness and composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on lithium (Li) metal are critical factors influencing dendrite growth. This study introduces a novel electrolyte selection strategy based on electrochemical corrosion principles. By employing LiCl and LiNO simultaneously, the electrolyte itself has a high donor number, low desolvation energy, high Li⁺ transference number and conductivity, and a moderate electrochemical stability window.

Exploring the role of gut microbiota in intervertebral disc degeneration: insights from bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.

Objective: Although previous studies have indicated a potential association between the gut microbiota and intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), the precise nature of this relationship remains unclear. The objective of this study is to further explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and IVDD using a bidirectional Mendelian randomization approach, with the aim of identifying potential microbial characteristics associated with IVDD.

Methods: Using the data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 412 gut microbiota species and 227,388 controls and 29,508 cases of IVDD.

Association between the generation of cephalosporins for perioperative prophylaxis and postoperative surgical site infections in open fractures: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The use of cephalosporins for surgical site infection (SSI) prevention has become a clinical routine, however, high-level evidence regarding the optimal generation for open fractures is currently limited. This study aims to investigate the association between the generation of cephalosporins and SSI risk in open fractures.

Methods: This prospective cohort study used data from the Surgical Site Infection in Orthopedic Surgery (SSIOS), a prospectively maintained database, conducted at a tertiary orthopedic university hospital from October 2014 to December 2020.

ZIC1 transcription factor overexpression in segmental bone defects is associated with brown adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation.

Transcriptional factor regulation is central to the lineage commitment of stem/ progenitor cells. ZIC1 (ZIC family member 1) is a C2H2-type zinc finger transcription factor expressed during development, brown fat, and certain cancers. Previously, we observed that overexpression of ZIC1 induces osteogenic differentiation at the expense of white adipogenic differentiation.

Independent risk factors for placental abruption: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Placental abruption is one of the most severe complications during pregnancy, and its associated risk factors remain incompletely understood and somewhat controversial.

Methods: This study conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to collect literature related to placental abruption, with a cutoff date of July 30, 2024.

Results: A total of 54 observational studies were included, covering 7,267,241 pregnant women, with 47,702 cases diagnosed with placental abruption.