Hydrogen-Rich Water Attenuates Diarrhea in Weaned Piglets via Oxidative Stress Alleviation.

Early weaning of piglets elicits weaning stress, which in turn induces oxidative stress and consequently impairs growth and development. Hydrogen-rich water (HRW), characterized by selective antioxidant properties, mitigates oxidative stress damage and serves as an ideal intervention. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of HRW on weaned piglets, specifically investigating its impact on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, antioxidant function, intestinal morphology, gut microbiota, and hepatic metabolites.

Insights from metagenomics on microbial biosynthesis of vitamins B and K in chicken gut microbiota.

Introduction: The chicken gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in nutrient absorption and overall health, contributing to the biosynthesis of essential vitamins. However, the biosynthesis of vitamins B and K by the whole gut microbiome, as well as their abundances across different gut regions, remains largely unknown.

Methods: We employed both metagenomic sequencing and culture-based techniques, collecting a total of 25,825 genomes (25,764 metagenome-assembled genomes and 61 isolated genomes).

Yanghe Pingchuan granules inhibit cellular senescence in airway smooth muscle cells to improve bronchial asthma via modulating Nrf2 acetylation.

Background: Bronchial asthma (BA) is regarded as one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases worldwide. Yanghe Pingchuan Granules (YPG), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound, has been employed extensively in treating BA. However, the precise mechanism by which it exerts its therapeutic effects remains to be fully elucidated.

Comparative Study on the Polysaccharide Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis and Hippophae gyantsensis.

This paper reports a well-designed and in-depth comparative study on the polysaccharide yields, contents, and antioxidant activities of two Hippophae species of great research value, namely, Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi and Hippophae gyantsensis (Rousi) Y. S.

Research progress and therapeutic strategies in hepatocellular carcinoma metabolic reprogramming.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with therapeutic resistance posing a significant clinical challenge. Metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, enables tumor cells to alter metabolic pathways to meet their increased energy and biosynthetic demands, playing a critical role in HCC initiation, progression, and drug resistance.

Aim Of Review: This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying metabolic alterations in HCC, including fatty acid, protein, and amino acid metabolism, and to explore their implications in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.

A comprehensive review on the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, geographical distribution and genetic relationships of Salvia yunnanensis.

Salvia yunnanensis C. H. Wright (S.

The Effect of the Polyoxyethylene Ether Group on the Adsorption Capacity of the Adsorption Acidification Retarding Agent on the Carbonate Rock Surface.

Acidification is an important procedure to remove the plug and retard the acid-rock reaction to make acid reach deeper formations, which is beneficial for reservoir stimulation. The adsorption-type acidification retarding agent could form an adsorption film on the rock surface to isolate H, resulting in a lower rate of the acid-rock reaction. In this study, the retarding agent AD-2 was synthesized by free radical polymerization using acrylamide (AM), octadecyl dimethyl allyl ammonium chloride (DMAAC-18), and allyloxypolyethylene glycol (APEG-2400) as raw materials, while AD-1 was synthesized from AM and DMAAC-18.

Identification of novel drug targets for mental disorders through genetic, colocalization, and network pharmacology approaches.

Background: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and PTSD are prevalent psychiatric conditions with overlapping genetic and environmental risk factors. Current treatments often fall short due to issues like treatment resistance, side effects, and variable patient adherence. This study investigates shared molecular mechanisms and actionable therapeutic targets across these disorders.

Enhancing the Half-Life of ODAP-Urea Based Radioligands by Incorporating Albumin-Binding Moieties.

Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted radioligand therapy (PSMA-RLT) is a promising approach to treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). With the emergence of oxalyldiaminopropionic acid urea (ODAP-Urea) based radioligands targeting PSMA, novel paradigms focused on PSMA-RLT are garnering attention. This study aims to assess potentially novel ODAP-Urea-based radioligands prepared for PSMA-RLT.

Paternal separation as an independent risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome in rural Chinese left-behind children: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: No study has assessed the relationship between separation factors and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We assess the association between the separation factors and IBS in Chinese left-behind children (LBC).

Methods: In this school-based study, we analyzed data from eight representative primary and secondary schools to assess the association between separation factors and IBS in Chinese LBC based on the Rome IV criteria.

Unveiling Macrophage Content as a Predictive Biomarker for Intraoperative ICG Imaging Efficacy in Lung Cancer.

Due to the phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of tumors, the efficacy of intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) imaging in lung cancer exhibits significant inter-patient variability. This study identifies macrophage content as a critical predictive biomarker for ICG imaging outcomes, offering both mechanistic, and clinical insights into this variability. Mechanistically, macrophages are demonstrated to serve as the principal ICG reservoirs in tumor tissues, exhibiting seven-fold higher uptake capacity compared to cancer cells.

Gut microbiota and protein-to-protein ratios in NAFLD: insights from Mendelian randomization and murine studies.

Background: Gut microbiota and protein metabolism play critical roles in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression, but their causal relationships remain unclear. This study integrates Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and experimental validation to identify microbial and molecular contributors to NAFLD and explore potential therapeutic targets.

Methods: Two-sample MR analysis was performed to assess the causal effects of gut microbiota and protein-to-protein ratios on NAFLD using inverse variance-weighted, maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and Wald ratio methods.

Mitochondrial function in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.

Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury is a common pathophysiological event in acute abdominal conditions, characterized by tissue damage, a systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ dysfunction. Recent studies have highlighted the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the initiation and progression of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mitochondria play a crucial role in energy metabolism, redox balance, and cell death signaling, making them significant targets for research and therapeutic interventions.

MnO nanozyme-based ratiometric fluorescent nanoplatform for glutathione detection and intracellular imaging.

Ratiometric fluorescent nanoplatforms with self-calibrating capabilities offer enhanced detection accuracy by minimizing environmental interference. However, challenges such as signal cross-interference and nanomaterial instability persist in complex biological systems. To address these issues, we developed a glutathione (GSH)-responsive ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe by integrating a porphyrin-based metal-organic framework (PCN-224) with MnO nanosheets (NSs).

Theranostics targeting fibroblast activation protein in the pan-cancer field.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a membrane-bound glycoprotein overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), is a promising target for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in oncology. Its elevated expression correlates with tumor progression and metastasis, with minimal presence in normal tissues. Recent advancements in FAP-targeted theranostics have focused on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), fluorescence imaging, and targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT).

Cancer-associated fibroblasts-secreted lactate promotes RNA polymerase III subunit G-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer by increasing m6A modification of zinc finger protein 384.

Most advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have metastasis, which poses great risks to their survival. As the most abundant components in the tumor microenvironment (TME), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to promote tumor. This study aimed to explore the potential molecular mechanisms of CAFs-mediated EMT in NSCLC.

Secretogranin 2 binds LILRB4 resulting in immunosuppression.

Immunosuppressive myeloid cells are important in a variety of physiological and pathological contexts, including tumor development, but how hormones might regulate their activity is unclear. Secretogranins, a family of secretory proteins in endocrine and neuronal cells, are proposed to function as prohormones or hormones, but their specific receptors are unknown. Here we show that secretogranin 2 (SCG2), a granin family member, functionally interacts with leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) on monocytic cells.

Colletotridemin A and Three New Botrydial Sesquiterpenoids From Fungus Colletotrichum dematium.

One new bicyclic sesterterpene, colletotridemin A (1), and three new botrydial sesquiterpenoids (3-5), along with 11 identified compounds (2, 6-15) separated from the plant-associated fungus Colletotrichum dematium. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and spectroscopic analyses (NMR and HR-ESI-MS) were conducted to characterize the structures and their absolute configurations. All compounds were assessed for their α-glucosides and cytotoxic activities.

Differences in perceived sensitivity to air pollution between smokers and non-smokers during a heavy haze episode in Northeast China.

China experienced a catastrophic haze episode in January 2013 (2013JHE), no study has compared the prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms between smokers and non-smokers in 2013JHE. A rapid cross-sectional assessment of perceived air pollution and the prevalence of coughing, phlegm, and wheezing was conducted among 4303 adults sampled from three cities in Liaoning. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the prevalence of coughing, phlegm, and wheezing.

Novel Insights into Noninvasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients.

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) represents a significant global public health challenge, with patient prognosis intricately linked to the severity of liver fibrosis. This issue is particularly critical for individuals with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, as they face an elevated risk of decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver-related mortality. Consequently, the early detection and diagnosis of liver fibrosis are imperative.

Oncostatin M Drives Th2 Polarized Allergic Airway Inflammation Through Fibroblast Reprogramming and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Background: Allergic airway inflammation, characterized by Th2 cytokine production and eosinophilic infiltration, is a hallmark of asthma. The airway epithelium plays a pivotal role in orchestrating allergic responses by releasing cytokines such as oncostatin M (OSM). This study investigates the role of OSM in dust mite extract (DME)-induced allergic airway inflammation and identifies a novel mechanism by which OSM drives Th2-polarized inflammation.

Machine learning-driven clinical decision support for low bone mineral density: A web-based prediction model with explainable AI integration.

Background: Low bone mineral density (LBMD), which includes osteopenia and osteoporosis, is associated with substantial health care costs. However, current diagnostic methods for LBMD are limited in terms of accuracy and accessibility. This study aims to develop an interpretable machine learning model for LBMD risk assessment and implement it as a web-based clinical decision support tool.

Enabling an ultraefficient lithium-selective construction through electric field-assisted ion control.

Membranes with precise ion transport behaviors are regarded as an alternative for lithium (Li) extraction from water streams. Current membranes demonstrate limited viability due to the lack of efficient Li-selective architectures. We propose an electric field-assisted ion control hypothesis in reinforcing ultraefficient Li-selective membranes, in which an ionized zeolitic imidazolate framework layer (Q-PEI@ZIF) is constructed via polyethylenimine (PEI) in situ confinement conversion and subsequent quaternization of 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride.