Comparison of Short- and Long-Term Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment Tools in US Young Adults.

Background: In 2023, the American Heart Association published the Predicting Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events (PREVENT) equations for estimating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in adults aged 30 to 79 years. We compared PREVENT's performance with existing US guideline recommended models-Pooled Cohort Equations for 10-year ASCVD risk and FHS (Framingham Heart Study) equations for 30-year ASCVD risk-among young adults.

Methods: We analyzed adults aged 20 to 39 years without baseline ASCVD from 2 sources: (1) pooled data from 2 large epidemiologic cohorts (CARDIA [Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults] and FHS, n=7763), and (2) electronic health records from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (n=266 378).

Association between sarcopenia and falls, fractures, hospital readmission, and all-cause mortality in older adults with endocrine disorders: a longitudinal study of aging in China.

Background: To explore whether older adults with sarcopenia are at greater risk for falls, fractures, hospital readmissions, and all-cause mortality compared to those without sarcopenia.

Methods: An elderly population discharged from June 2020 to January 2022 from the Department of Endocrinology of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital was collected. The cohort included patients with various endocrine disorders, primarily type 2 diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction (hypo- and hyperthyroidism), adrenal insufficiency, and metabolic syndrome.

Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute biosensing platform based on Hemin@ZIF-90 nanozyme-modulated signal amplification for sensitive detection of Salmonella typhimurium.

Foodborne pathogens have posed a great threat to food safety and public health, and thus the development of accurate and sensitive methods for the detection of foodborne pathogens is critical. In this study, a novel Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo) biosensing platform based on metal-organic framework (MOF) nanozyme (namely AgoZyme) was developed for the detection of Salmonella typhimurium. Inspired by the catalytic characteristics of horseradish peroxidase, we synthesized a Hemin@ZIF-90 nanozyme with peroxidase-like activity by encapsulating hemin within a zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) through a self-assembly strategy.

Cost-Effectiveness of Hypertension Treatment According to 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association Guidelines.

Background: Compared with the 2003 Seventh Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC7) guideline, the 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guideline (ACC/AHA 2017) expanded hypertension diagnostic criteria to blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mm Hg and intensified treatment goals to <130/80 mm Hg. The cost-effectiveness of ACC/AHA 2017 guideline treatment has not been quantified.

Methods: We used the Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Policy Model to simulate hypertension treatment according to ACC/AHA 2017 compared with JNC7 in untreated US adults aged 35 to 79 years.

Multi-omics exploration of chaperone-mediated immune-proteostasis crosstalk in vascular dementia and identification of diagnostic biomarkers.

Introduction: Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most prevalent form of dementia globally, remains insufficiently understood in terms of its molecular mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers. This study aims to elucidate the regulatory network and diagnostic potential of the molecular chaperone system in VaD through the integration of multi-omics data and machine learning algorithms.

Methods: Transcriptomic data from frontal and temporal cortex (GSE122063, n=15)and white matter (GSE282111, n=8) samples were obtained from the GEO database.

Low-dose fluoride exposure disrupts CD4 T cell balance in humans and rats.

This study aims to explore the effects of low-dose fluoride exposure (even within the World Health Organization safety limit: ≤1.5 mg/L) at different periods on CD4 T cell-mediated adaptive immunity and its underlying mechanisms. In the human study, cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) technology was used to establish the immune profiles of CD4 T cells in individuals from low- and high-fluoride exposure areas for the first time.

Anisotropic hydrogel electrolyte with in-situ formed inorganic ionic conductive interface toward highly stable zinc metal electrodes.

While aqueous zinc-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, their application potential is severely hindered by the instability of zinc metal anodes. To address this issue, an anisotropic hydrogel electrolyte incorporating phosphate anions that can spontaneously react with zinc metal to form an inorganic protective layer is developed in this study. The anisotropic structure of this hydrogel electrolyte can facilitate rapid ionic transport while reducing the likelihood of dendrite formation.

Theoretical Study on Gas-Sensing Mechanisms of Transition Metal-Doped MoS for Transformer Oil Dissolved Gases.

Oil-immersed transformers are essential components in power transmission and distribution systems, and their insulation performance and operation status are closely related to the changes of dissolved gases in the internal oil. The use of high-performance gas-sensitive materials to realize online detection of dissolved gases in the oil is of great significance to enhance the reliability of equipment operation and fault detection. In this work, the adsorption behavior and sensing performance of four typical dissolved gases in transformer oil (H, CH, CH, CH) on the surface of MoS doped with different transition metals (Cu, Ni, Ta, Ti) are systematically investigated based on the density functional theory (DFT).

The myeloid cell-driven transdifferentiation of endothelial cells into pericytes promotes the restoration of BBB function and brain self-repair after stroke.

Ischemic stroke, one of the leading causes of death in the world, is accompanied by the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which aggravates neuron damage. However, the mechanisms underlying the restoration of BBB in the chronic stage after stroke remain unclear. Here, pericyte pool alterations and their consequences for BBB integrity and brain recovery were analyzed in the C57BL/6 mice stroke model.

Research on multi-branch residual connection spectrum image classification based on attention mechanism.

The acoustic spectrogram arranges the frequencies in the sound along the frequency spread, and translates the spectral changes into the intensity, wavelength and frequency of the electrical signals. Currently, the extensive use of convolutional neural networks for spectral image classification can extract signal features in the spectrogram, but the redundancy of noisy data generated by a large number of bands of the spectrum affects the feature information at different levels of the image. In order to optimize this problem, this paper proposes a multi-branch residual-connected Efficient Global Attention (EGA) acoustic spectral image classification network based on the attention mechanism, which firstly separates the components with their respective acoustic features from the spectral noise, so as to achieve the purpose of noise reduction, and then extracts the Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) Spectrum of the Intermediate Frequency (IF) cycle for the original signals that have undergone noise reduction, which is based on the attention mechanism through the Improved Global Attention Mechanism (IGAM) in the EGA of the backbone network.

Development and Validation of an Incident Hypertension Risk Prediction Model for Young Adults.

Background: Identifying young adults at high risk of hypertension can improve blood pressure screening recommendations.

Methods: We developed models to predict incident hypertension using diverse contemporary cohorts of young adults aged 18 to 39 years from Kaiser Permanente Southern California (derivation and internal validation) and 3 cohort studies (CARDIA [Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults], FHS [Framingham Heart Study], HCHS/SOL [Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos]; external validation). Predictors included age, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, social determinants of health, comorbidities, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders.

Tanshinone I promotes angiogenesis and improves ventricular remodeling post-myocardial infarction via ALDH2 signaling-mediated ferroptosis inhibition.

Background: Tanshinone I (Tan I) has diverse cardioprotective effects, including improving post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular remodeling. Ventricular remodeling can be improved by inhibiting endothelial cell (EC) ferroptosis to promote post-MI angiogenesis, but how Tan I does this remains unclear. Thus, we investigated how EC ferroptosis mediates post-MI angiogenesis and Tan I's role in this process.

Enzyme immobilization based on reticular framework materials: Strategy, food applications, and prospect.

Enzymes, as natural catalysts, show significant catalytic efficiency and have obtained widespread applications. However, the inherent drawbacks of natural enzymes (e.g.

γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-catalyzed polymer-enzyme-drug conjugate enhances penetration and suppression in oral squamous cell carcinoma via transdermal application.

Over the past century, the treatment of superficial malignant tumors has largely remained within systemic therapies. The major drawback of systemic administration lies in its limited killing effects specifically to superficial tumors while causing potentially severe damage to other organs. Currently, transdermal drug administration for superficial tumors is still minimal, primarily constrained by the poor permeability and specificity in tumorous/precancerous tissue.

Asynchronous and correlations of radial growth between different lateral meristems in Abies forrestii var. smithii.

Understanding radial growth phenology is crucial in the comprehension of tree physiology and its susceptibility to climate change. Numerous studies have investigated the impacts of radial growth activity in stem meristems and environmental factors on wood formation and tree growth in treeline trees. Nevertheless, studies on the radial growth dynamics of lateral meristems across different tree parts and the variations in their responses to environmental factors are scarce.

Smartphone-assisted Ce-POM/CuBTC peroxidase-like colorimetric detection of HO and ascorbic acid in food samples.

Rapid and accurate detection of hydrogen peroxide (HO) and ascorbic acid (AA) in food industry is critical to human health. Herein, a novel Ce-based polyoxometalate [Ce(HO)][Cu(HO)(2,6-pdca)]H[SiWO]·5HO (Ce-POM) (2,6-Hpdca = 2,6-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid) was designed and loaded onto Cu-based benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (CuBTC) to obtain Ce-POM/CuBTC, which can catalyze HO to oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to blue ox-TMB, while AA can reduce ox-TMB. Consequently, a dual-function colorimetric detection system was established with detection limits of 0.

KDM4B enhances immune surveillance via demethylating cGAS.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) serves as a crucial sentinel in innate immunity by sensing cytosolic DNA, yet the molecular mechanisms governing its activation remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify lysine demethylase 4B (KDM4B) as the specific demethylase that erases cGAS K350 methylation, facilitating its chromatin release and subsequent activation. Genetic ablation of Kdm4b compromised both antiviral immunity against HSV-1 infection and antitumor responses, while also diminishing the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

Gas-Sensing Mechanisms and Detection Optimization of ZnO/TiO-MoTe Composites for CFSOF Decomposition Products.

This study focuses on the detection requirements for breakdown products (HF, SO, SOF, and CF) produced by the partial discharge of the innovative, environmentally friendly insulating gas CFSOF in high-voltage electrical apparatus. A doping modification technique utilizing a metal oxide (ZnO/TiO) based on two-dimensional MoTe is proposed. The method for enhancing gas sensing is being systematically investigated through multiscale theoretical computations.

A portable sensing platform using a novel dipyrrolopyrazinedione-based aza-BODIPY dimer for highly efficient detection of hypochlorite and hydrazine.

As widely used chemical reagents in different industrial fields, reactive hydrazine (NH) and hypochlorite (ClO) show significant risks to human health, drink water, and environment. Currently, fluorescence detection of two analytes suffers from slow and minor spectral change, high detection limit and poor selectivity. In this work, by introducing electron deficient 1,4-pyrazine ring enhanced chromophore reaction strategy, a novel dipyrrolopyrazinedione-based aza-BODIPY dimer (PzDP-PPAB) was synthesized for the first time.

A practical guide to assessing functional motor weakness: a review of validated techniques.

Functional neurological symptom disorder, specifically, functional limb weakness, is a commonly seen condition in clinical neurological practice and requires careful examination for diagnosis. Specific and detailed examination techniques have been developed and validated over the past 100 years to help clinicians differentiate functional limb weakness from objective neurological weakness. These techniques vary in sensitivity, specificity, clinical application, and limitations.

Quantification of Cisplatin Encapsulated in Nanomedicine: An Overview.

Cisplatin, which kills cancer cells mainly through DNA crosslinking, has been widely used as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent although it also causes severe side effects. To improve anticancer outcomes, various types of cisplatin-based nanomedicines have been developed, either through direct incorporation or coordination of cisplatin within nanoparticles (NPs). During the formulation and characterization of cisplatin-loaded NPs, quantitative determination of cisplatin is crucial for both clinically used and newly developed NPs.

Observational study of the relationship between negative cognitive processing bias and mental health, sleep quality in the early and middle stages of peacekeeping mission.

To examine the correlation between negative cognitive processing bias and the mental health, sleep status of peacekeepers across various time periods to establish a benchmark for peacekeeper mental health interventions. Symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and negative cognitive processing bias questionnaire (NCPBQ) were adopted to investigate 172 Chinese peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo at the early and middle stages of the mission. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall score of PSQI between the early and middle stages of the mission (P = .

Nanocellulose composites with enhanced mechanical and flame-retardant properties based on grafting of inorganic organic/multilayer core-shell matter - MSNs-TMSB/DA/TOCNF.

Flame retardant materials are essential for safety, yet their development is often hindered by trade-offs between efficiency, aging resistance, and mechanical properties. Traditional organic flame retardants are inefficient and degrade over time, while inorganic alternatives, despite their effectiveness, are difficult to integrate into composites. Here we showed the synthesis of a novel inorganic silica-based flame retardant, PDA@MSNs-TMSB, which chemically modified nanocellulose fibrils, enhancing flame retardancy, aging resistance, and toughness without compromising integrity.

Compacting hyaluronan into nanogels induces an enhanced macropinocytosis in MC38 cells.

Hyaluronan (HA)-based drug delivery system including HA conjugates and nano-formulations have been intensively researched in various biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility and unique biological characteristics. Currently most researches are exploring the targeted drug delivery enabled by HA receptors e.g.