Multi-omics exploration of chaperone-mediated immune-proteostasis crosstalk in vascular dementia and identification of diagnostic biomarkers.

Introduction: Vascular dementia (VaD), the second most prevalent form of dementia globally, remains insufficiently understood in terms of its molecular mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers. This study aims to elucidate the regulatory network and diagnostic potential of the molecular chaperone system in VaD through the integration of multi-omics data and machine learning algorithms.

Methods: Transcriptomic data from frontal and temporal cortex (GSE122063, n=15)and white matter (GSE282111, n=8) samples were obtained from the GEO database.

EMT and cancer stem cells: Drivers of therapy resistance and promising therapeutic targets.

Cancer continues to be a primary cause of death, resulting in substantial mortality and illness globally. It remains a significant global health issue, greatly affecting morbidity and mortality across the world. Therapeutic resistance poses a major challenge to cancer treatments, acting as a significant barrier to the effectiveness of both standard and targeted therapies.

PI3K/AKT/mTOR Axis in Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Treatment.

The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis is a pivotal regulator of key cellular functions, including proliferation, metabolism, survival, and immune modulation. In cancer, its dysregulation drives malignant transformation, tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and immune evasion. Despite numerous studies, an integrated understanding of this pathway's multifaceted role in tumor biology and treatment remains incomplete.

Efficacy of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) for articular cartilage repair in osteoarthritis (OA): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease causing chronic pain, disability, and mobility limitations, severely affecting quality of life. Traditional treatments like physical therapy and surgery often have limited efficacy due to side effects, incomplete recovery, and disease progression, highlighting the need for innovative therapies.

Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase from January 1, 2010 to November 1, 2024, preliminary included studies involving animal experiments on the therapeutic effects of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and its derived materials on cartilage defect.

A bimetallic core-shell Cu@MnO nanozyme with enhanced oxygen activation for efficient oxidase-like activity.

The construction of bimetallic catalysts with two catalytic sites is reported to be an innovative and effective approach to enhance catalytic activity. Accurate structural design is one of most important approaches in regulating the compatibility of the synergistic effects between the two catalysts of bimetallic nanozymes but remains an enormous challenge. In this study, the Cu@MnO bimetallic catalyst with a core-shell structure is designed and synthesized using CuO precursor as the sacrifice template.

Identification and Protective Strategies for "Cortical Dangerous Veins" in Neurosurgical Craniotomies.

Objective: To investigate the identification and management techniques and strategies for cortical dangerous veins during neurosurgical craniotomies.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 37 patients who underwent craniotomies involving the intraoperative protection of cortical dangerous veins between July 2022 and June 2024. Preoperatively, high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data were used for three-dimensional visualization to delineate the resection margins and plan the management of related cortical dangerous veins, including bridging veins, superficial Sylvian veins, anastomotic veins, and veins in the eloquent cortex.

A photothermal-responsive multi-enzyme nanoprobe for ROS amplification and glutathione depletion to enhance ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis therapy employs reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated via Fenton or Fenton-like reactions. However, the antioxidant system associated with the tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits high levels of glutathione (GSH) that significantly restrict the therapeutic efficacy of ferroptosis. In this study, we propose a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive hollow mesoporous manganese dioxide (HM-MnO) nanoprobe with multi-enzyme-like activity for enhanced ROS generation and GSH depletion that can efficiently promote ferroptosis.

Tuning the microenvironment of immobilized molecular catalysts for selective electrochemical CO reduction.

The electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR), as a novel technology, holds great promise for carbon neutrality. Immobilized molecular catalysts are considered efficient CORR catalysts due to their high selectivity and fast electron transfer rates. However, at high current densities, changes in the microenvironment of molecular catalysts result in a decrease in the local CO concentration, leading to suboptimal catalytic performance.

Deep learning-based metabolomics data study of prostate cancer.

As a heterogeneous disease, prostate cancer (PCa) exhibits diverse clinical and biological features, which pose significant challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. Metabolomics offers promising new approaches for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PCa. However, metabolomics data are characterized by high dimensionality, noise, variability, and small sample sizes, presenting substantial challenges for classification.

In Situ Welding Ionic Conductive Breakpoints for Highly Reversible All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (SSLSBs) have garnered considerable interest owing to their impressive energy density and high safety. However, the dissolved lithium polysulfide (LiPS) together with sluggish reaction kinetics disrupts the electrolyte network, bringing about ionic conductive breakpoints and severely limiting battery performance. To cure this, we propose an in situ welding strategy by introducing phosphorus pentasulfide (PS) as the welding filler into PEO-based solid cathodes.

Engineered exosomes in service of tumor immunotherapy: From optimizing tumor-derived exosomes to delivering CRISPR/Cas9 system.

Exosomes can be modified and designed for various therapeutic goals because of their unique physical and chemical characteristics. Researchers have identified tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) as significant players in cancer by influencing tumor growth, immune response evasion, angiogeneis, and drug resistance. TEXs promote the production of specific proteins important for cancer progression.

Tunable multifunctional terahertz metasurface based on an indium antimonide medium.

Active adjustable terahertz multifunctional devices are crucial for the application of terahertz technology. In this paper, we propose a composite metasurface structure based on an indium antimonide metal octagonal pattern, which achieves different functional switching by controlling the phase state of indium antimonide material under different ambient temperatures. When indium antimonide exhibits in the dielectric state, by stacking and encoding the unit cell, the designed metasurface has the functions of two-beam splitting beam superposition, vortex beam and quarter beam superposition, and dual vortex beam superposition for circularly polarized and linearly polarized wave incidence.

Development of a Risk Model and Genotyping Patterns Based on Disulfidptosis-Related lncRNAs to Predict Prognosis and Immune Landscape in Osteosarcoma.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent orthopedic malignancy with a dismal prognosis. Disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (DRLncs) may be related to the progression of OS, but their potential molecular regulatory role is still unclear.

Methods: Based on the data collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we conducted correlation analysis and the univariate Cox analysis to screen prognosis-related DRLncs, followed by developing genotyping patterns and corresponding classifier.

The IFT80/Hedgehog Pathway Regulates the Osteogenic-adipogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Background: Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a typical refractory disease that often progresses irreversibly and has a high disability rate. Numerous studies have confirmed that abnormal osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is one of the major factors of SANFH. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated.

Duloxetine reduces opioid consumption and pain after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: There is no consensus in the current literature on the analgesic role of duloxetine after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Thus, we designed this meta-analysis to reveal the analgesic effectiveness and safety of duloxetine in TKA or THA.

Methods: As of October 2022, two authors (L.

Impact assessment of construction waste policy intensity on environmental efficiency based on system generalized method of moments.

With the acceleration of urbanization in recent years, China has witnessed large-scale construction across its provinces, generating massive amounts of construction waste that pose challenges to environmental protection and sustainable development. This study evaluated the impact of construction waste policy intensity on its environmental efficiency. Firstly, the content analysis method was used to analyze the construction waste policy text quantitatively.

Analyzing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Characteristics in Multi-Channel Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection Flexible Transceivers Deploying Inverse Fast Fourier Transform/Fast Fourier Transform-Based Processing.

Cascaded inverse fast Fourier transform/fast Fourier transform (IFFT/FFT)-based multi-channel aggregation/de-aggregation offers a promising solution in constructing highly desirable flexible optical transceivers for considerably improving optical networks' elasticity, flexibility, and adaptability. However, the multi-channel aggregation operation unavoidably results in generated signals having high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs). To solve this technical challenge, this paper first explores the PAPR characteristics of the corresponding flexible transceivers in optical back-to-back (B2B) and 20 km intensity modulation and direct detection (IMDD) transmission systems, and then numerically investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of utilizing the conventional clipping techniques in reducing their PAPR reductions.

Transformation of Black Phosphorus through Lattice Reconstruction for NIR-II-Responsive Cancer Therapy.

The photothermal performance of black phosphorus (BP) in the near infrared (NIR)-II bio-window (1000-1500 nm) is low, which limits its biomedical applications. Herein, ultrasmall nickel phosphide quantum dots (Ni P QDs) are synthesized with BP quantum dots (BPQDs) as the template by topochemical transformation. The size of Ni P QDs is ≈3.

BiTiS bio-transducer with explosive on-demand generation of NO gas for synergetic cancer therapy.

Combined photothermal therapy and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated gas therapy has shown great potential as a cancer treatment. However, the on-demand release of NO at a high concentration presents a challenge owing to the lack of an ideal bio-transducer with a high loading capacity of NO donors and sufficient energy to induce NO release. Here, we present a new 2D BiTiS nanosheet that is synthesized, loaded with the NO donor (BNN6), and conjugated with PEG-iRGD to produce a multifunctional bio-transducer (BNN6-BiTiS-iRGD) for the on-demand production of NO.

DNMT1 determines osteosarcoma cell resistance to apoptosis by associatively modulating DNA and mRNA cytosine-5 methylation.

Cellular apoptosis is a central mechanism leveraged by chemotherapy to treat human cancers. 5-Methylcytosine (m5C) modifications installed on both DNA and mRNA are documented to regulate apoptosis independently. However, the interplay or crosstalk between them in cellular apoptosis has not yet been explored.

Application of a Novel Miniaturized Histopathologic Microscope for Ex Vivo Identifying Cerebral Glioma Margins Rapidly During Surgery: A Parallel Control Study.

Purpose: The purpose of our study is to assess the clinical performance of the DiveScope, a novel handheld histopathologic microscope in rapidly differentiating glioma from normal brain tissue during neurosurgery.

Methods: Thirty-two ex vivo specimens from 18 patients were included in the present study. The excised suspicious tissue was sequentially stained with sodium fluorescein and methylene blue and scanned with DiveScope during surgery.

Effects of external environment on promoter methylation of PIK3R5 and related pathway regulation in steroid-induced femoral head necrosis.

Background: Steroid-induced Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head (SANFH) is a condition characterized by the necrosis of the femoral head caused by long-term or high-dose hormone usage. Studies have shown that the PI3K/AKT pathway plays a crucial regulatory role in the development of SANFH. The aim of this study is to determine how external environmental factors induce changes in endogenous hormone levels, how these changes lead to steroid-induced femoral head necrosis, and the interrelationship between the changes in PIK3R5 promoter methylation levels and the regulation of the associated signaling pathways.