Cutting-edge technologies in neural regeneration.

Neural regeneration stands at the forefront of neuroscience, aiming to repair and restore function to damaged neural tissues, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS), where regenerative capacity is inherently limited. However, recent breakthroughs in biotechnology, especially the revolutions in genetic engineering, materials science, multi-omics, and imaging, have promoted the development of neural regeneration. This review highlights the latest cutting-edge technologies driving progress in the field, including optogenetics, chemogenetics, three-dimensional (3D) culture models, gene editing, single-cell sequencing, and 3D imaging.

Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis and Prognosis Analysis of Fetal Congenital Cataract.

Purpose: To explore the prenatal ultrasound signs of fetal congenital cataract, study the potential etiologies, and evaluate the perinatal outcomes and the prognosis.

Patients And Methods: The study included 29 cases of fetal congenital cataract identified using prenatal ultrasound screening from January 2018 to September 2023 in our hospital. Ultrasound signs, the potential etiologies, the perinatal outcomes, and prognosis were analyzed.

Mechanistic Study of NT5E in Reg3β-Induced Macrophage Polarization and Cooperation with Plasma Proteins in Myocarditis Injury and Repair.

We aimed to explore the mechanism by which extracellular-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E) regulates macrophage polarization via regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta (Reg3β) and other plasma proteins that mediate immune-cell effects on myocarditis. Methods: The involvement of NT5E in Reg3β-induced macrophage polarization was first analyzed using RNA sequencing, Western blotting, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Mendelian randomization was employed to identify NT5E and various plasma proteins as potential therapeutic targets for myocarditis.

Superhydrophobic-photothermal-insulating synergistic CNT/COF composite coatings for solar-powered crude oil restoration.

In this study, a multifunctional composite membrane (PDMS@CNT@COF@CF) integrating superhydrophobic, efficient photo-thermal conversion, and electrical insulation properties was developed through a functional co-design strategy. The material was constructed by depositing a covalent organic framework (COF) on the surface of carbon nanotube (CNT) via room temperature in situ polymerization. It was then robustly anchored onto a cotton fabric (CF) substrate through polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coating.

Cost-effective targets for anaemia reduction in 191 countries: a modelling study.

Background: Anaemia causes widespread health and economic harm. Current international targets for reducing anaemia in women of reproductive age, including the Sustainable Development Goal of halving prevalence by 2030, are unlikely to be met by any signatory country. This outcome suggests that current targets were grounded in aspiration rather than a systematic assessment of what is achievable given current recommended interventions and national health-care priorities.

Estimated unit costs of anaemia interventions for women of reproductive age in 193 UN member states: a costing study.

Background: Anaemia affects an estimated 1·92 billion people worldwide. The UN Sustainable Development Goals set targets for reducing anaemia prevalence by 50% in women of reproductive age, for whom the risks and consequences of anaemia are the greatest. Prioritisation of cost-effective anaemia reduction strategies relies on robust estimates of the costs of interventions.

End-of-Season Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in Outpatient Settings, Beijing, China: A Test-Negative Design.

This study aimed to estimate the end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the 2024/25 season in Beijing, China. We used a test-negative design (TND) to assess influenza VE among outpatients with influenza-like illness (ILI) enrolled through the influenza virological surveillance in sentinel hospitals in Beijing from week 44, 2024 to week 14, 2025. Cases were ILI patients who tested positive for influenza; controls were those who tested negative.

Clinical Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

Background: To comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics of patients who underwent gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and explore the incidence and influencing factors of postoperative pain.

Methods: The clinical data of patients who underwent gastric ESD at our center from 2009 to 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Pain severity was assessed using a visual analogue scale, with a score ≥ 4 defined as postoperative pain.

Nurse prescribing right: a bibliometric analysis.

Background: The concept of nurse prescribing rights is undergoing rapid evolution, and there is increasing interest in academic circles regarding research on this topic.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of nurses' prescribing rights to understand the research background, emerging trends, and relevant academic impacts in this field, so as to provide valuable insights for the formulation of health policies and the promotion of more equitable and efficient healthcare services.

Methods: We conducted a bibliometric analysis of the articles on nurses' prescribing rights from the establishment of the database until 6 December 2023.

An analysis of freshmen's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the influencing factors at a university in Wuhu City: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the current status of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among freshmen at a college in Wuhu City. It also sought to identify the factors that influence these aspects and provide insights for enhancing CPR KAP among students.

Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to select 1,550 college students from a university in Wuhu, Anhui Province, in 2024.

Programmable Nanostructure Assembly of a Paclitaxel Derivative Enables Tunable Anticancer Therapy via Hydrogen Bond Engineering.

Precise control of the morphology of self-assembling drugs is critical for optimizing their pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. However, adapting a single drug for diverse therapeutic applications by tailoring its structure remains a central challenge. Here, we report a hydrogen-bond-guided strategy to program the morphology of a paclitaxel derivative, PTP, by introducing a phosphate group to promote supramolecular organization.

Exploring the multifaceted roles of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 as a biomarker and therapeutic target in colorectal cancer and pan-cancer analyses.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health issue requiring novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve patient outcomes. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) plays a crucial role in metabolism and is associated with various cancers. However, its expression and potential as a diagnostic marker in CRC have not been thoroughly investigated.

Lipid metabolism-related inflammatory indices (LMIIs) and incident peripheral artery diseases (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a multicohort study from China and the UK biobank.

Background: Lipid metabolism-related inflammatory indices (LMIIs) have been recognized as potential biomarkers for the risks of atherosclerosis and major adverse cardiovascular events. This study aims to explore the associations of LMIIs, including neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR), monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR), platelet to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR), and lymphocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LHR), with the risk of incident peripheral artery disease (PAD) in elderly T2DM patients.

Methods: A total of 2837 participants aged ≥ 60 years with T2DM from the Jinshan Cohort (China) and 13,542 participants from the UK Biobank (UK) were included in the primary analyses.

Dual inhibition of FAS and HAS2/3 by 4-MU in Realgar-Coptis chinensis unveils a metabolic checkpoint for liver cancer therapy.

Modern pharmacology has found that both Realgar and Coptis chinensis can induce apoptosis in tumor cells, and traditional Chinese medicine theory suggests the possibility of combining the two, however, the specific mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. This study investigated the therapeutic mechanism of the Realgar-Coptis chinensis drug pair (RCCD) against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by identifying its key active compounds and targets. Through integrated LC-MS analysis, transcriptomics, network pharmacology, and bioinformatics, we identified the mechanism of action, key bioactive compounds, and core targets.

Association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and infections with human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus type 2.

The study aimed to investigate the association between co-exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) or herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in a representative sample of the adult female population in the United States. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 4,284 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Logistic regression and stratified analyses were used to assess associations between individual PAH exposures and the prevalence of HPV and HSV-2 infection.

Tumor treating fields suppress tumor cell growth and induce immunogenic cell death biomarkers in biliary tract cancer cell lines.

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are low-intensity, intermediate-frequency alternating electric fields that exert antimitotic effects on cancer cells. This study is the first to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of TTFields on biliary tract cancer (BTC) cell lines HCCC-9810 and RBE, investigating their sensitivity to TTFields across varying frequencies and electric field intensities (100-200 kHz, 1.3-2.

Nurse-led weaning protocols-a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Research has demonstrated that protocol-directed weaning shortens the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). Nurse-led weaning protocols have also been suggested to reduce MV duration in patients. Nevertheless, their implementation in mechanically ventilated patients is not widespread, and their clinical effectiveness remains uncertain.

Hematological parameters as predictors of immune-related adverse events: risk factor analysis in non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of hematological biomarkers in assessing the risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing immunotherapy and to identify potential risk factors for personalized treatment optimization.

Methods: Clinical data of 274 NSCLC patients who received immunotherapy between April 2018 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into irAEs and non-irAEs groups based on the occurrence of irAEs.

Obesity Paradox in Critically Ill Patients:Do Patients with Critical Diseases Benefit from Obesity?

Background: Overweight and obesity are linked to an elevated risk of numerous serious diseases and health conditions. Despite the detrimental effects associated with these conditions, recent studies have indicated that critically ill patients may experience a survival advantage with higher body mass index (BMI). Initial research on the obesity paradox primarily concentrated on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as heart failure (HF); however, this focus has now expanded to encompass other critical illnesses, particularly sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), trauma, and others.

Jab1 regulates HRR mRNA stability to modulate PARP inhibitor sensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype associated with the highest mortality rate among all breast cancer subtypes, primarily due to the absence of actionable therapeutic targets. Although poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown promising therapeutic effects in TNBC patients harboring homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), their clinical benefit remains limited, highlighting an urgent need for novel targets that enhance PARPi efficacy. This study investigates the role of Jab1 in regulating the stability of homologous recombination repair (HRR)-related RNAs and evaluates its potential as a therapeutic target to enhance PARPi sensitivity in TNBC.

Boosting energy metabolism and biosynthesis in diverse organisms by a common bacterial salvage lipoylation protein.

Lipoylation is a highly conserved post-translational modification (PTM) crucial for energy metabolism enzymes, with distinct pathways across organisms. Whereas bacteria like Escherichia coli inherit both salvage and de novo pathways, only the latter is found in eukaryotes. Here, we present a PTM-based strategy that achieves multiple metabolic benefits with a single intervention.

Expiratory Musculature Targeted Resistance Training Modulates Neural Connections During Swallowing Tasks: Preliminary fMRI Evidence.

Strength gains and synergistic muscle group activations due to expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) lead to beneficial changes in several upper aerodigestive functions, including swallowing; however, there may be a potential top-down influence through neuroplasticity. The current study investigated changes in brain activation patterns during swallowing tasks before and after 4 weeks of EMST. Five right-handed, healthy young adult men aged 19-35 (mean = 28.

Study on the Fast Transient Process of Primary Equipment Operation in UHV Fixed Series Capacitors Based on PEEC Method.

This manuscript proposes a fast transient simulation method based on PEEC to model overvoltage caused by spark gap and disconnecting switch operations in UHV series compensation (FSC). It proposes a simulation method based on the Partial Element Equivalent Circuit (PEEC) for modeling the fast transient processes associated with the operation of primary equipment in UHV FSC. Initially, a multi-conductor system model for both primary and secondary equipment on the cascade platform is developed.

Low-threshold broadband-tunable cascaded Raman fiber laser at 2.3 μm based on highly GeO-doped silica and AsS fibers.

We demonstrate a low-threshold, broadband-tunable cascaded Raman fiber pulsed laser utilizing highly GeO-doped silica and AsS fibers as Raman gain media. As a result of the high Raman spectral purity of the first-order Raman laser and the high Fresnel reflection coefficient of the AsS fiber resonant cavity, a second-order nanosecond pulsed Raman laser with a center wavelength of 2335 nm is achieved, with a peak threshold power of 95 W with a 1970nm nanosecond pump source and corresponding to 8.4 W with a 2150 nm first-order Raman laser as the pump source.