Premna microphylla Turcz pectin-modified diosmetin nanoparticles: A galectin-3 targeting strategy for precise colitis intervention.

Oral delivery of natural antioxidants represents a promising therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis (UC), yet their therapeutic efficacy is hindered by instability and poor accumulation at inflamed sites. To address this, we developed Galectin-3 (Gal-3)-targeted nanoparticles (ZDP-NPs) by encapsulating diosmetin within zein complexes modified with a galactose- and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I)-rich pectin (PMTP, Mw: 228.8 kDa, DM: 34.

Global Trends and Health Inequalities in Acute Hepatitis E Burden: A Joinpoint Regression and Cross-Country Inequality Analysis, 1990-2021.

Acute hepatitis E (AHE) disproportionately affects regions with diverse socioeconomic conditions. This study aims to assess the trends in AHE burden and health inequalities from 1990 to 2021. Utilising data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021, joinpoint regression was employed to identify significant trends.

The binding of PCBP2 to IGF2 mRNA restores mitochondrial function in granulosa cells to ameliorate ovarian function in premature ovarian insufficiency mice.

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by early ovarian dysfunction, which has a profound impact on female fertility. Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) is believed to maintain ovarian function, yet the mechanisms and specific roles of IGF2 in POI remain unclear. This study explores the roles of IGF2 and its binding protein PCBP2 in POI, with a particular focus on their effects on mitochondrial function in granulosa cells and ovarian function.

Spatial Gradient Effects of Metal Pollution: Assessing Ecological Risks Through the Lens of Fish Gut Microbiota.

This comprehensive study investigates the spatial distribution of metals in surface water, their accumulation in fish tissues, and their impact on the gut microbiome dynamics of fish in the Qi River, Huanggang City, Hubei Province. Three distinct sampling regions were established: the mining area (A), the transition area (B), and the distant area (C). Our results revealed that metal concentrations were highest in the mining area and decreased with increasing distance from it.

Global Trends and Cross-country Inequalities of Acute Hepatitis E in the Elderly, 1990-2021: A Comprehensive Analysis.

Background And Aims: Acute hepatitis E (AHE) in the elderly can lead to severe complications including liver failure and mortality, yet the epidemiological landscape remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to assess the burden, trends, and health inequalities of AHE among the elderly over the past three decades, and to further predict its changes by 2030.

Methods: Data on AHE in the elderly were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2021.

Single-cell sequencing reveals the role of endothelial subsets in promoting early gastric cancer progression.

Early gastric cancer (EGC) represents a critical stage in preventing and controlling the progression from gastritis to advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Therefore, identifying the single-cell characteristics of EGC, particularly the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), as well as identifying potential predictive markers and therapeutic targets, could significantly enhance the monitoring of gastric cancer and improve clinical cure rates. We constructed a comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing atlas for 184,426 high-quality gastric cancer cells from various stages, utilizing clinical biopsies and surgical samples.

Comparison of endoscopic papillectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the duodenal papilla: a retrospective cohort study.

Aim: The objective of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of endoscopic papillectomy (EP) and pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia of the duodenal papilla (HGIN-DP) and develop a preoperative risk prediction model for pathological upgrading.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 92 patients (43 EP vs. 49 PD) treated between 2014 and 2023.

Action mechanism of a novel agrichemical quinofumelin against .

Modern fungicides have made significant contributions to crop disease management, but the development of resistant fungal strains has caused their failure in disease control. Therefore, developing fungicides with novel action mechanisms is the most effective measure to manage resistance. Quinofumelin, a novel quinoline fungicide, exhibits exceptional antifungal activity against phytopathogens.

Zn single-atom sites/Ru nanoclusters synergistically inducing reactive oxygen species storm for ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of biomarker PSA.

Improving the sensitivity of electrochemiluminescence (ECL) systems is crucial for bio-marker detection and prostate cancer diagnosis, as early-stage prostate cancer exhibits low biomarkers levels. In this work, satellite Zn single-atom sites/Ru nanoclusters anchored on N-rich porous carbon (Zn SAs/Ru NCs) was synthesized by high-temperature pyrolysis under N atmosphere. The Zn SAs/Ru NCs synergistically induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) storm andboosted luminol signals in the absence of HO, eliminating the effect of unstable HO.

Design and optimization of novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors against agricultural fungi based on transformer model.

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), also termed complex II or succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, is a crucial biological enzyme in the process of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are a promising class of fungicides targeting the energy production pathway of pathogenic fungi. However, overuse has resulted in the emergence of resistance, underscoring the need for novel and effective SDHIs.

Development and validation of the conversational AI dependence scale for Chinese college students.

Excessive dependence on Conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) can significantly impact individual adaptation and development. Given the growing need for empirical assessment, this study presents the development and psychometric validation of the CAI Dependence Scale (CAIDS), a new instrument designed to assess CAI dependence among Chinese college students. In Study 1, drawing on theories of problematic internet use (PIU) and qualitative interviews, we identified the psychological connotations and dimensions of CAI dependence.

α-Lipoic acid mitigates age-related macular degeneration via ferroptosis: integrative multi-omics and network pharmacology.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss among the elderly. α-Lipoic acid (ALA), a naturally occurring antioxidant and iron-chelator, has shown potential in modulating ferroptosis, but its mechanism in AMD remains unclear.

Methods: Network pharmacology, transcriptomic profiling, and machine learning were used to identify potential molecular targets of ALA in AMD.

Cyclodextrin-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.

Cyclodextrins (CDs), cyclic oligosaccharides formed by α-1,4-glycosidic-bonded D-glucopyranose units, feature unique hydrophobic cavities and hydrophilic exteriors that enable molecular encapsulation via host-guest interactions. CDs form supramolecular host-guest complexes with diverse molecular entities, establishing their fundamental role in supramolecular chemistry. This review examines fabrication strategies for CD-based supramolecular hydrogels and their applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, with focused analysis on wound healing, corneal regeneration, and bone repair.

Drought Modulates Root-Microbe Interactions and Functional Gene Expression in Plateau Wetland Herbaceous Plants.

In plateau wetlands, the interactions of herbaceous roots with ectorhizosphere soil microorganisms represent an important way to realize their ecological functions. Global change-induced aridification of plateau wetlands has altered long-established functional synergistic relationships between plant roots and ectorhizosphere soil microbes, but we still know little about this phenomenon. In this context, nine typical wetlands with three different moisture statuses were selected from the eastern Tibetan Plateau in this study to analyze the relationships among herbaceous plant root traits and microbial communities and functions.

Fast Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry through spectrally resolved detection.

Extracting information from a fast-moving object plays a crucial role in better understanding natural phenomena and exploring the unknown world. The conventional Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) sensor can acquire temporal information of an object using the single-shot method. However, this method is strictly limited by the temporal resolution of coincidence detection.

Well-defined PtMn alloy/porous N-doped carbon nanoflowers with bifunctional activities for colorimetric/fluorescent dual-mode determination of ascorbic acid in juice beverages.

A colorimetric/fluorescent dual-mode sensor has been developed based on well-dispersed PtMn alloy/porous N-doped carbon nanoflowers (PtMn/CNFs), which have bifunctional ascorbate oxidase (AAO) and peroxidase (POD)-like activities. Specifically, the POD-like activity of PtMn/CNFs enables colorimetric ascorbic acid (AA) detection by oxidizing 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to a blue product, while the AAO-like activity facilitates fluorescent detection of AA by catalyzing its oxidation to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), which subsequently reacts with o-phenylenediamine (OPD) to generate a fluorescent product. The sensor demonstrates wide linear ranges of 2 to 250 µM (detection limit: 0.

SON-dependent nuclear speckle rehabilitation alleviates proteinopathies.

Current treatments targeting individual protein quality control pathways have limited efficacy in alleviating proteinopathies, highlighting the prerequisite for a common druggable target capable of global proteostasis modulation. Building upon our prior research establishing nuclear speckles as pivotal membrane-less organelles for transcriptional control of proteostasis, we aim to alleviate proteinopathies through nuclear speckle rehabilitation. We identify pyrvinium pamoate as a nuclear speckle rehabilitator that enhances protein quality control gene expression and suppresses YAP1 transcriptional activity via decreasing the surface/interfacial tension of nuclear speckle condensates through interaction with the intrinsically disordered region of nuclear speckle scaffold protein SON.

Near-infrared-triggered copper-doped carbon nitride nanocomposite inducing domino effect for synergistic tumor therapy and immune microenvironment reprogramming.

Multimodal targeted combination therapies harnessing synergistic interactions have emerged as a transformative paradigm in oncology, gradually superseding conventional monotherapies. We herein report a near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered multifunctional nanocomposite based on copper-doped graphitic-phase carbon nitride (named CNCu@HA), which efficiently eliminates tumors by inducing apoptosis, cuproptosis, and immunogenic cell death (ICD) while initiating robust immune responses. Specifically, the incorporation of copper ions enhances NIR photoabsorption and effectively separates the electron-hole pairs.

TGF-β3-mediated phagocytosis protects mammary epithelial cells of ketotic dairy cows against metabolic stress-induced inflammatory damage.

The supraphysiological levels of free fatty acids (FFA) during early lactation led to an inflammatory response in the mammary gland of ketotic cows, which may be attributed to the untimely clearance of apoptotic cells (AC). Given the engulfment role of mammary epithelial cells for AC and the regulation of TGF-β3 on phagocytosis, we speculated that TGF-β3-mediated phagocytic function is closely related to inflammatory response in the mammary gland of ketotic cows. The objective of this study was to elucidate (1) the inflammatory state and phagocytic function of mammary epithelial cells and activity of the TGF-β3 pathway in mammary gland of ketotic cows, and (2) the role of TGF-β3-mediated phagocytosis on the inflammatory response of bovine mammary epithelial cells in response to exogenous FFA.

From wheat gluten wastewater to functional biscuits: Extraction, characterization, and application of water-unextractable arabinoxylan in low-GI fermented biscuits.

In this study, water-unextractable arabinoxylan (WUAX) was recovered from wheat gluten wastewater, aiming to enhance its utilization and develop low glycemic index (GI) fermented biscuits for diabetics. The study first investigated the influence of crude water-unextractable arabinoxylan (CW) on the digestive and textural properties of biscuits. CW was then purified to obtain pure water-unextractable arabinoxylan (PW), and PW was characterized.

Anisotropic hydrogel electrolyte with in-situ formed inorganic ionic conductive interface toward highly stable zinc metal electrodes.

While aqueous zinc-ion batteries have emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their inherent safety, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness, their application potential is severely hindered by the instability of zinc metal anodes. To address this issue, an anisotropic hydrogel electrolyte incorporating phosphate anions that can spontaneously react with zinc metal to form an inorganic protective layer is developed in this study. The anisotropic structure of this hydrogel electrolyte can facilitate rapid ionic transport while reducing the likelihood of dendrite formation.

Strongly coupling Cu with MoP for high-efficiency electrochemical nitrate-to-ammonia conversion and zinc-nitrate battery applications.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR) offers a sustainable route for ammonia synthesis and environmental remediation but faces challenges such as sluggish kinetics and competing hydrogen evolution. This study aims to address these limitations by designing a Cu/molybdenum phosphide (MoP) heterostructure catalyst through one-pot calcination, which integrates Cu nanoparticles with MoP nanograins. Structural and electronic analyses confirm the formation of intimate Cu-MoP interfaces, where charge redistribution polarizes Cu to an electron-deficient state (Cu) and enriches MoP with electrons.

Water content alters soil organic carbon metabolism via microbial traits in Tibetan alpine peatlands.

Alpine peatlands on the eastern Tibetan Plateau are vital carbon sinks, with soil moisture playing a key role in peatland carbon cycling. However, they face disruptions in their carbon balance due to drought, which reduces soil water content. Therefore, this study investigated microbially driven water-carbon interactions through field surveys, laboratory incubations, and metagenomics.

Narrowband Organic Afterglow Materials Exhibiting 11.2 nm FWHM, 38% Phosphorescence Efficiency and 1.5 s Emission Lifetime Under Ambient Conditions.

Narrowband organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) remains rare due to significant high-frequency vibronic coupling in T→S electronic transition, where T and S represent the lowest triplet excited state and ground state, respectively. Here, we report coronene-derived (CoDe) luminophores exhibiting ultra-narrowband RTP (full width at half maximum FWHM = 11.2 nm) with a 1.

Therapeutic efficacy of a galactoglucan from in constipation: modulation of aquaporin signaling and intestinal barrier.

Introduction: Constipation is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder demanding effective therapeutic strategies. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of polysaccharide (PCP-g), a novel galactoglucan, against sucralfate-induced constipation murine model, focusing on intestinal motility, fecal parameters, aquaporin signaling, and gut microbiota modulation.

Methods: PCP-g was purified from and its physicochemical properties were characterized.