An axiomatic system engineering design method based on NSGA-II algorithm applied to complex systems.

This study proposes an integrated framework that combines Axiomatic Design with Model-Based Systems Engineering, incorporating NSGA-II as an intelligent optimization engine. The framework constructs a multi-level traceability matrix linking requirements, functions, behaviors, and structural elements, and leverages NSGA-II to dynamically optimize the sequencing of the Design Structure Matrix, thereby enhancing the explicitness and visualization of coupling relationships. Rather than directly eliminating dependencies, the approach aims to support a more systematic modularity-oriented analysis.

Mendelian randomization studies on ischemic stroke: a field synopsis and systematic review.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. However, previous observational studies failed to establish the causality between various exposures and IS occurrence. Currently, an increasing number of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have been performed to investigate the causal effects of exposure factors on IS risk, but the results remain inconsistent and inconclusive.

Exploring the epigenetic mechanisms of recurrent pregnancy loss: from genetic predisposition to environmental influences.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a complex and emotionally distressing condition defined by the occurrence of two or more consecutive miscarriages before 20 weeks of gestation. The exact causes of RPL remain unclear, despite extensive research into its genetic, immune, and environmental underpinnings. Recent advances in epigenetics have revealed that alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression play crucial roles in regulating pregnancy-related processes such as immune tolerance, placental development, and embryo implantation.

X-UNet:A novel global context-aware collaborative fusion U-shaped network with progressive feature fusion of codec for medical image segmentation.

Due to the inductive bias of convolutions, CNNs perform hierarchical feature extraction efficiently in the field of medical image segmentation. However, the local correlation assumption of inductive bias limits the ability of convolutions to focus on global information, which has led to the performance of Transformer-based methods surpassing that of CNNs in some segmentation tasks in recent years. Although combining with Transformers can solve this problem, it also introduces computational complexity and considerable parameters.

Superoxide Activates Ferroptosis via the Haber-Weiss Reaction and Enhances Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Antioxidant decline is crucial to driving age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Ferroptosis, a regulated cell death mediated by iron-dependent hydroxyl radical-catalyzed phospholipid peroxidation through the Fenton reaction, is implicated in various chronic degenerative diseases. Here, we show that superoxide activates ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells via the Haber-Weiss reaction, thereby contributing to dry AMD.

Precision-engineered magnetic/plasmonic heterodimers for naked-eye and photothermal mpox virus diagnostics.

The global surge of mpox virus (MPXV) demands diagnostic tools that combine laboratory-grade accuracy with point-of-care simplicity. Here, we report an all-in-one lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) leveraging precision-engineered FeO-Au heterodimers for dual-signal MPXV quantification via naked-eye readout and photothermal amplification. These monodisperse plasmonic-magnetic nanoparticles, synthesized through controlled seed-mediated heterodimerization, integrate magnetic enrichment, photothermal conversion, and tunable plasmonic resonance into a single architecture.

Near-infrared-triggered copper-doped carbon nitride nanocomposite inducing domino effect for synergistic tumor therapy and immune microenvironment reprogramming.

Multimodal targeted combination therapies harnessing synergistic interactions have emerged as a transformative paradigm in oncology, gradually superseding conventional monotherapies. We herein report a near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered multifunctional nanocomposite based on copper-doped graphitic-phase carbon nitride (named CNCu@HA), which efficiently eliminates tumors by inducing apoptosis, cuproptosis, and immunogenic cell death (ICD) while initiating robust immune responses. Specifically, the incorporation of copper ions enhances NIR photoabsorption and effectively separates the electron-hole pairs.

Advances in the Epigenetic Mechanisms of Diabetic Nephropathy Pathogenesis.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe microvascular complications of diabetes and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). While traditional research has linked the onset of DN to factors such as metabolic dysregulation, inflammation, and oxidative stress, these mechanisms alone fail to fully explain the complex pathological features and individual variability of DN. In recent years, epigenetic research has provided new insights, revealing the critical roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in the development of DN.

Association between serum homocysteine levels and advanced hepatic fibrosis in alcohol-related liver disease: A cross-sectional study of NHANES.

Homocysteine (Hcy) can induce liver cell damage, but its relationship with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) has rarely been reported. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum Hcy levels and advanced hepatic fibrosis in patients with ALD. We included 10,033 participants from the 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

The effect of smoking on breast cancer screening results in female population: a study in Wu wei, China.

Objective: Based on Anderson model theory, a pathway analysis model of breast cancer screening population in this region was constructed to explore the impact of smoking on breast cancer screening results, in order to provide reference for refining breast cancer screening strategies and programs.

Methods: Firstly, the distribution of each variable in terms of whether breast related diseases were detected was described by single factor analysis. Then, based on the results of factor screening, a screening outcome pathway analysis model for female breast cancer screening population in 2021-2023 was constructed to determine the influence path and influence coefficient of smoking on breast cancer screening results.

The anti-inflammatory mechanism of a new skeleton alkaloid isolated from Portulaca oleracea L.

A new skeleton alkaloid was isolated from Portulaca oleracea L., which was identified as ethyl (2Z,4E,6E)-3-amino-7-(4-amino-6-ethyl-3-glycyl-5-methylpyridin-2-yl)-2-methylocta-2,4,6-trienoate, trivial named, olerapyridin and the structure was clarified through IR, UV, 1D and 2D NMR as well as UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS methods. Moreover, the bioactivities of anti-inflammation of the compound were investigated via testing RAW 264.

Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors in Chinese children and adolescents aged 3-14 years using machine learning algorithms.

Background: Child malnutrition represents a critical global public health issue and it is characterised by high prevalence and severe long-term consequences for growth and development. A better understanding of its contributory factors is essential to inform the design of targeted prevention strategies and evidence-based interventions. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in children and adolescents aged 3-14 years, and further to identify promising factors associated with child malnutrition using machine learning algorithms.

Association between estimated glucose disposal rate and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and dyslipidemia in US adults: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is strongly associated with insulin resistance (IR). This study examined the relationship between estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), a simple IR indicator, and MASLD risk.

Methods: Using NHANES 2017-2018 data ( = 3,957), MASLD was diagnosed by CAP ≥285 dB/m.

Advances in 2D magnetic chromium tellurides: synthesis, characterization, and spintronic applications.

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials exhibit a wide array of fascinating magnetic properties, making them highly attractive for spintronic applications such as high-density nonvolatile memories and multifunctional nano-devices. Recently, chromium tellurides (CrTe) have attracted significant attention due to their metallic band structure, strong magnetic anisotropy, and tunable exchange couplings. The unique tunability of magnetic properties in a metallic ground state makes CrTea promising platform for generating, controlling, and manipulating spin currents.

Enhancing Bidirectional Modbus TCP ↔ RTU Gateway Performance: A UDP Mechanism and Markov Chain Approach.

In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) field, the diversity of devices and protocols leads to interconnection challenges. Conventional Modbus Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) gateways suffer from high overhead and latency of the TCP protocol stack. To enhance real-time communication while ensuring reliability, this study applies Markov chain theory to analyze User Datagram Protocol (UDP) transmission characteristics.

Using ChatGPT to assist in judging the indications for emergency ultrasound: an innovative exploration of optimizing medical resource allocation.

Introduction: To assess the performance of the GPT-4O model in determining the indications for emergency ultrasound and to explore its potential for optimizing medical resource allocation.

Methods: This single-center retrospective observational study included 200 patients who underwent emergency ultrasound at the emergency department. Senior clinicians assessed the indications for ultrasound based on guidelines, which served as the gold standard.

Recent advances of trichosanthin and its role in diseases.

Trichosanthin (TCS), as an alkaline plant-protein classified as a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), is squeezed out of traditional medicinal plant Trichosanthes kirilowii. Unlike type II RIPs characterized by dual polypeptide chains, TCS exhibits significantly lower cytotoxicity while maintaining potent antiviral activity. These distinctive pharmacological properties have driven growing interest in its therapeutic potential, with accelerating research efforts spanning mechanistic studies, structural optimization, and clinical trials in recent decades.

Factors associated with psycho-behavioral problems among 100 children with phenylketonuria aged 6-18 years.

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare disease. Children who are diagnosed with PKU often encounter psycho-behavioral difficulties, which can significantly impact quality of life and social integration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of psycho-behavioral difficulties and explore potential factors associated with their occurrence in PKU children aged 6-18 years.

Imaging-based lean mass distribution and diabetic nephropathy in the US population.

Aims: The present study aims to investigate the association between lean body mass (LBM) distribution and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the US population with diabetes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the 2011 to 2018 data from the NHANES. Body composition was assessed using DXA.

The YEATS domain containing protein PyYEATS functions as a histone acetylation reader in the red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis.

Pyropia yezoensis, a key economic marine crop in Asia, serves as a model for red seaweed research. Previously, we determined that histone acetylation plays essential roles in the response to abiotic stresses and the formation of asexual spores in P. yezoensis.

Dexrazoxane Attenuates Blood-Brain Barrier Injury During Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Intracerebral hemorrhage during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is one of the main causes of death and disability, with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption playing a key role. Dexrazoxane (DEX) is a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cardioprotective agent and iron chelator. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexrazoxane on the BBB during venoarterial ECMO (VA ECMO).

A dual-dynamic crosslinking network enabled strong, flexible, self-healing, and biodegradable chitosan fiber paper/vitrimer composites for plastic substitution.

The development of high-performance biomass-based vitrimers has emerged as a crucial research topic to reduce reliance on petroleum-based plastics. Achieving both high strength and toughness is essential for most biomass-based vitrimers, yet these properties typically tend to be mutually exclusive. Here we show a multifunctional composite, CFP/TAV-PI, prepared by integrating an all-natural polyimine vitrimer (TAV-PI) into chitosan fiber paper (CFP) through in-situ polymerization and heat-pressing treatments.

Time trends in multiple myeloma incidence and mortality across the BRICS from 1992 to 2021 and projection to 2046.

Objective: This study evaluates the long-term trends in Multiple Myeloma (MM) incidence, mortality, and Age-Period-Cohort (APC) effects in the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).

Methods: Data on age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) trends from 1992 to 2021, and the Age-Period-Cohort model evaluated nonlinear impacts of age, period, and cohort effects.

A Powered Prosthetic Hand With Vision System for Enhancing the Anthropopathic Grasp.

The anthropomorphic grasping capability of prosthetic hands is critical for enhancing user experience and functional efficiency. Existing prosthetic hands relying on brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and electromyography (EMG) face limitations in achieving natural grasping due to insufficient gesture adaptability and intent recognition. While vision systems enhance object perception, they lack dynamic human-like gesture control during grasping.

BTG2-deficient mast cells remodel the tumor and tumor-draining lymph node microenvironment leading to chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is currently the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide, with chemotherapy resistance being a major contributor to breast cancer-related mortality and distant metastasis. The role of lymph nodes as the initial site of immune defense remains controversial, particularly regarding whether complete dissection or preservation is necessary during breast cancer surgery.

Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on cells derived from metastatic tumor draining lymph nodes and tumor tissue of four breast cancer patients exhibiting either sensitivity or resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).