Therapeutic effects of the n-butanol extract of Potentilla freyniana Bornm. in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Objective: This study aimed to integrate network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking, and experimental validation to construct a "component-target-pathway" multidimensional network model, systematically elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of the extract of Potentilla freyniana Bornm. (PFB) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and thereby clarify its pharmacological basis.

Methods: HCC datasets were retrieved from GEO and TCGA databases, and the DEGs were screened.

Adhesion properties of soybean protein/transglutaminase/pectin composite adhesives improved by adjusting tannic acid content.

Background: Soy protein isolate is often used to make adhesives. Inspired by the adhesion mechanism of mussel proteins, this study developed a plant-based adhesive composed of soy protein isolate (SPI), low-ester pectin, tannic acid (TA), and transglutaminase (TGase) for bonding simulated fat and muscle in plant-based meat analogues.

Results: The results demonstrated that TA enhanced the viscosity, thermal stability, and fluidity of the adhesive by forming a cohesive network.

Predicting mortality in critically ill patients with hypertension using machine learning and deep learning models.

Background: Accurate prediction of mortality in critically ill patients with hypertension admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is essential for guiding clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes. Traditional prognostic tools often fall short in capturing the complex interactions between clinical variables in this high-risk population. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) offer the potential for developing more sophisticated and accurate predictive models.

Molecular design of sustainable bio-adhesives: Chlorogenic acid as a key modulator of structure and functionality soy protein-pectin composite systems.

A plant-based adhesive composed of soy protein isolate (SPI), low-ester pectin, and chlorogenic acid (CA) was developed for bonding plant-based meat. The effects of varying CA concentrations (0-2.0 wt%) on rheological properties, thermal stability, and molecular structure of adhesives were systematically examined.

Knowledge-distillation based personalized federated learning with distribution constraints.

Personalized federated learning PFL seeks to develop models that are tailored to the unique data distributions of individual clients. While some methods rely on a global server model to guide personalization, more recent methods focus on directly learn personalized models. Among these, leveraging inter-client correlations has become a widely adopted strategy for personalized model generation.

Action mechanism of a novel agrichemical quinofumelin against .

Modern fungicides have made significant contributions to crop disease management, but the development of resistant fungal strains has caused their failure in disease control. Therefore, developing fungicides with novel action mechanisms is the most effective measure to manage resistance. Quinofumelin, a novel quinoline fungicide, exhibits exceptional antifungal activity against phytopathogens.

Type I-F CRISPR-associated transposons contribute to genomic plasticity in and mediate efficient programmable DNA integration.

The genome plasticity of species and strains in the genus is closely associated with the diverse mobile genetic elements embedded in its genomes. One mobile element with potential for accurate and efficient DNA insertion in is the type I-F3 CRISPR-associated transposon (I-F3 CAST). However, relatively little is known about the distribution and ecological significance of I-F3 CASTs and whether they could be suitable as a tool for targeted genetic manipulation .

Stray light suppression design of optomechanical systems enabled by deep reinforcement learning.

Stray light suppression is a vital component in the development of optomechanical systems, but its complexity and the uncertainty surrounding scattered light require intricate mathematical calculations and a large number of simulation iterations, along with much expertise and time. Consequently, it is time-consuming and challenging to investigate the stray light suppression in optomechanical systems. To validate the feasibility of using reinforcement learning for stray light suppression, this paper adopts a model-based deep reinforcement learning method within a Monte Carlo ray-tracing environment to devise suppression strategies.

Type 2 Diabetes Subtyping via Phenotype and Genotype Co-Learning.

Interpreting and subtyping type 2 diabetes (T2D) is challenging yet essential for achieving fine-grained pathophysiological insights and precise clinical stratification. Previous studies have primarily relied on a small number of pre-selected risk factors and biomarkers, neglecting the integration of multimodality data (e.g.

The E420K mutation in myosin5 confers field resistance to phenamacril in Fusarium asiaticum.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), is a devastating fungal disease that threatens global wheat production and endangers worldwide food security. Phenamacril, a myosin5 inhibitor, is widely recognized as an effective fungicide against FGSC. Since 2007, phenamacril has been registered in China for the control of FHB.

(4 + 1) Annulation of Donor-Acceptor 2-Aryolcyclopropanes with Selenium or Sulfur Powder: Syntheses of Selenophene and Thiophene Derivatives.

An (4 + 1) annulation of donor-acceptor 2-aryolcyclopropanes with selenium or sulfur powder has been developed. One-step conversion of donor-acceptor 2-aryolcyclopropanes provided direct access to multisubstituted selenophenes and thiophenes. A variety of functional groups could be tolerated under the reaction conditions.

Impact of early-life deprivation and threat on physical, psychological, and cognitive multimorbidity: Evidence from multinational prospective cohorts.

Background: The impact of early-life stressful events on physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity needs to be better understood. This study aimed to examine both the prevalence patterns of physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity and the associations between specific adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and multimorbidity among middle-aged and older adults in China, Europe, the US, and the UK.

Methods: Data came from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and its partner studies: the US Health and Retirement Study (HRS), the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), and the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing (ELSA).

Promise and Challenge of β-Lactone Electrophiles to Target Aspartate 12 of Mutant KRAS.

The clinical success of covalent KRAS inhibition prompts further expansion of the concept to target non-cysteine oncogenic mutation sites as in KRAS. This endeavor was hampered by the lack of suitable electrophiles for the selective, covalent engagement of aspartate. Thanks to the recent discovery of β-lactone-bearing covalent inhibitors, new opportunities are emerging.

Interpersonal Communication Tendency as a Mediator Between Academic Distress and Depression Among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Medical students frequently encounter high academic demands that increase their risk of depression. Understanding how academic distress interacts with interpersonal communication tendencies to influence depression can inform mental health interventions. This study aims to explore the direct effect of academic distress on depression and the mediating role of interpersonal communication tendency.

A novel supramolecular zinc porphyrin thin film coated fiber optic Mach - Zehnder interferometer for trace detection of ammonia gas.

A novel fiber-optic ammonia Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with an asymmetric-sensing structure was developed and experimentally validated. The sensor was fabricated through successive fusion splicing of single-mode fiber (SMF), coreless fiber (NCF), SMF, thin-core fiber (TCF), and SMF, thereby forming an SMF-NCF-SMF-TCF-SMF interferometric structure. Experimental and simulation results demonstrated that the sensor exhibited a linear response within the refractive index range of 1.

A dual-domain perception gate-controlled adaptive fusion algorithm for road crack detection.

Road crack detection presents critical challenges, including diverse defect patterns and complex anomaly characteristics. The current object detection algorithms demonstrate deficiencies in considering feature redundancy across channel-spatial dimensions, employ indiscriminate fusion strategies for multi-stage feature information, and particularly neglect the high-frequency characteristics inherent in crack features, leading to inefficient network performance and a loss of crucial information. Building upon the identified limitations, this paper proposes a dual-domain perception gate-controlled adaptive fusion network (DP-DETR) that achieves dynamic perception of salient features across channel and spatial domains within latent space.

Low-temperature sequential deposition for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells.

Inverted perovskite solar cell has made significant progress in recent years. Although two-step sequential deposition shows the benefits to obtain higher quality large-size perovskite crystals, the high annealing temperature, which is required to achieve phase transition, leads to the desorption of self-assembled molecules at the buried interface and induces redundant lead iodide at the top interface. Here, we propose a low temperature sequential deposition method by introduce a tailor-made 3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium dimethyl phosphate into lead iodide precursor solution to facilitate the sufficient reaction between lead iodide and organic salts, and lower the energy barrier from delta- to alpha-perovskite.

Low-dose ATG/PTCy for graft-versus-host disease prevention in haploidentical transplantation: a single-center experience.

Background: The combination of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has been administered for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) in recent years. Varied doses of ATG and PTCy were applied in multiple studies with promising outcomes.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 51 consecutive leukemia patients who underwent haplo-HSCT with the joint use of low-dose ATG (27 patients with 7.

Rapamycin-induced small extracellular vesicles under GelMA scaffolds facilitate diabetic wound repair through accelerating angiogenesis and alleviating macrophage-mediated inflammation via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Recently, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) isolated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show superior therapeutic potential in diabetic wound repair. Pretreated MSCs with biological or chemical agents could boost the activities of MSC-derived sEVs. This study aims to investigate whether sEVs derived from the human umbilical cord MSCs (hUCMSCs) pretreated with rapamycin (RAPA) exhibit elevated efficacy in improving diabetic wound healing and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.

Adding carbon quantum dots to enhance microbial extracellular electron transfer for accelerating aniline degradation in simulated wetlands.

Microbial extracellular respiration is relatively weak in natural water systems because of the low electroactivity of environmental media, which limits the production of extracellular respiration-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the removal of pollutant. In this study, carbon quantum dots (CDs) were added to a simulated wetland to enhance extracellular respiration and accelerate the microbial oxidation of aniline under intermittent aeration conditions. The results indicated that CDs promoted extracellular electron transfer to increase the production of Fe and ROS, and led to a 23.

Application of a 3D Human Cornea-Like Epithelium for Eye Irritation Assessment of Contact Lens Solutions.

Currently, medical device eye irritation testing relies on the Draize eye test in rabbits, which presents significant challenges regarding animal welfare and variations across laboratories. This research explores the application of the commercially available three-dimensional reconstructed human corneal epithelial tissue (Skinovo-Ocular) in eye irritation evaluation. The model is developed by culturing immortalized human corneal epithelial cells at a liquid-air interface, resembling the morphology and induction of biological indicators found in human corneal tissue.

NETosis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: From mechanisms to therapies (Review).

The present review describes the mechanisms of NETosis and its role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), focusing on the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by activated neutrophils. NETs, composed of depolymerized chromatin and granule proteins, are crucial for pathogen entrapment, infection control and immune regulation. However, NET formation, linked to neutrophil death (NETosis), exacerbates MIRI by promoting inflammation and tissue damage.

Global, regional, and national burden of congenital musculoskeletal and limb anomalies, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease in 2021.

Background: Congenital musculoskeletal and limb (CML) anomalies are uncommon, multifactorial conditions whose global incidence trends remain underexplored. This study delineates the epidemiology and temporal evolution of CML anomalies from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: We extracted data from the 2021 global burden of disease (GBD) Study, stratifying by sex, region, country and socio-demographic index (SDI).

Site-Selective Nitration of Arene via Hypervalent Iodine-Mediated C-H Functionalization.

We developed a novel nitration method using hypervalent iodine for site-selective C-H functionalization. This technique efficiently synthesizes nitroarenes with high regioselectivity and is scalable, enhancing the late-stage modification of bioactive pharmaceuticals.