Neonatal microbiome dysbiosis decoded by mNGS: from mechanistic insights to precision interventions.

The neonatal period is a critical stage for microbial colonization and immune system development, with dynamic changes in the microbiome closely linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Traditional microbiological testing methods have low sensitivity and time-consuming limitations compared to metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), which makes it difficult to meet the diagnostic and therapeutic needs of critically ill neonates. mNGS analyzes the total DNA in a sample without bias, allowing comprehensive identification of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, and resolution of functional genes, providing new avenues for precision diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal pneumonia, neonatal meningitis, neonatal jaundice, and other diseases.

The binding of PCBP2 to IGF2 mRNA restores mitochondrial function in granulosa cells to ameliorate ovarian function in premature ovarian insufficiency mice.

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by early ovarian dysfunction, which has a profound impact on female fertility. Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) is believed to maintain ovarian function, yet the mechanisms and specific roles of IGF2 in POI remain unclear. This study explores the roles of IGF2 and its binding protein PCBP2 in POI, with a particular focus on their effects on mitochondrial function in granulosa cells and ovarian function.

Automatic opportunistic osteoporosis screening using chest X-ray images via deep neural networks.

Background: Osteoporosis is a bone disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and quality, which increases the risk of fragility fractures. The current diagnostic gold standard, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), faces limitations such as low equipment penetration, high testing costs, and radiation exposure, restricting its feasibility as a screening tool.

Method: To address these limitations, We retrospectively collected data from 1995 patients who visited Daping Hospital in Chongqing from January 2019 to August 2024.

Deep Learning Radiomics Model Based on Computed Tomography Image for Predicting the Classification of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: Algorithm Development and Validation.

Background: Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) are common in older adults and often lead to disability if not properly diagnosed and classified. With the increased use of computed tomography (CT) imaging and the development of radiomics and deep learning technologies, there is potential to improve the classification accuracy of OVFs.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a deep learning radiomics model, derived from CT imaging, in accurately classifying OVFs.

Clinical and Proteomic Profiling of Inflammatory Mediators in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: Oncostatin M as a Key Cytokine Associated with Disease Severity.

Introduction: Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) is a systemic vessel vasculitis characterized by IgA- and complement-mediated vascular injuries. However, the precise mechanisms underlying disease progression and severity remain unclear. This study aimed to identify inflammation-related proteins and pathways associated with HSP and disease severity.

Dual EGFR L858R and KRAS G12A Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: KRAS mutations are typically mutually exclusive in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with the G12C mutation being the most common subtype. The coexistence of KRAS and EGFR mutations is exceedingly rare and is typically emerges as a secondary event following acquired resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies. We presented a case of a newly diagnosed NSCLC patient harboring concurrent EGFR L858R and KRAS G12A mutations.

A systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy and safety of deucravacitinib versus selected treatments for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.

Objective: To assess deucravacitinib's efficacy and safety against selected treatments for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis via network meta-analysis.

Methods: Relevant studies were selected via a systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. To assess the ORs with corresponding 95% CIs for outcomes including PASI 75, PASI 90, sPGA 0/1, and treatment discontinuation due to adverse events over the 10-16-week timeframe, a network meta-analysis was performed utilizing R software.

Enhanced Targeted NGS Assay for Comprehensive Diagnosis in Tuberculosis and Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients.

Background: Accurate and timely diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and drug-resistant TB is crucial; however, current methods have limitations in sensitivity and scope, especially for detecting drug resistance and differentiating other respiratory pathogens.

Methods: We developed a multiplex PCR-based targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) assay and validated its analytical performance, including limit of detection (LoD), precision, and resistance to interference. A single-centre prospective study was conducted with 181 suspected TB patients to evaluate the assay's clinical performance using bronchoalveolar lavage or sputum samples, compared against microbiological culture and Xpert MTB/RIF.

National trends in depressive symptoms, antidepressant use, and mental health consultations among US adults, 2005-2020.

Objectives: Depression significantly contributes to the global disease burden. This study aims to monitor national trends in depressive symptoms, antidepressant use and mental health consultations among American adults and identify key subgroups that require attention.

Study Design: Serial cross-sectional analysis.

Predictive levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) with interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasma T cells, NK cells as well as B cells in treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma receiving rituximab.

Background: The aim was to explore the effect of rituximab in combination with chemotherapy in treating diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thymidine kinase 1(TK1) with interleukin-6 (IL-6), plasma T cells, NK cells as well as B cells.

Methods: Eighty patients admitted to Lujiang County People's Hospital from January 2022 to January 2024 were included. The control group accepted cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy regimens.

A dataset of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma MRI with multi-modalities segmentation.

Multi-modality magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) data facilitate the early diagnosis, tumor segmentation, and disease staging in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The lack of publicly available, comprehensive datasets limits advancements in diagnosis, treatment planning, and the development of machine learning algorithms for NPC. Addressing this critical need, we introduce the first comprehensive NPC MRI dataset, encompassing MR axial imaging of 277 primary NPC patients.

WTAP Dysregulation Mediates HLF-m6A Modification to Inhibit Trophoblast Ferroptosis in Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy-specific disorder that poses significant risks to maternal and perinatal health. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PE are complex and not yet fully elucidated. This study focuses on the role of ferroptosis in PE and identifies a significant downregulation of the transcription factor hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) in PE placental tissues.

Stapokibart for Severe Uncontrolled Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: The CROWNS-2 Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps causes severe symptoms and impaired quality of life. Stapokibart is a novel monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin 4Rα.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of stapokibart as an add-on treatment to intranasal corticosteroids in patients with severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential of Wnt5a Signaling in Alveolar Epithelial Cell Development and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Wnt5a is a key regulator of non-canonical Wnt signaling, critically influencing alveolar epithelial cell dynamics during development and injury responses. Emerging evidence has revealed two conserved Wnt5a mediated mechanisms: ROR-dependent planar cell polarity signaling that orchestrates cytoskeletal reorganization during alveolar septation, and calcium-regulated transcriptional networks balancing type II alveolar epithelial progenitor maintenance and differentiation. Developmental studies demonstrate Wnt5a deficiency disrupts myofibroblast differentiation and alveologenesis, recapitulating bronchopulmonary dysplasia pathology, while its pathological elevation in hyperoxia models promotes extracellular matrix remodeling through LOX/YAP-mediated mechanotransduction.

Colorimetry characteristics and color clustering of natural gem-quality spinel from Myanmar (Burma).

Color is the most critical factor in determining the value of gem-quality spinel. This paper examines the color mechanism and the colorimetric characteristics of spinel crystals under D65 and A light sources against nine neutral backgrounds. It also explores color clustering for over 400 spinel crystals in yellow, red, purple, and blue hues.

Spectroscopy and laser operation of Er doped YScO sesquioxide crystals at 2.8 µm.

Growth, spectroscopy, and laser experiments of the Er:YScO crystals at 2.8 µm are presented. The high-quality Er:YScO crystals were grown by the optical floating zone method.

Spectroscopy and efficient OPSL-pumped laser operation of Er:BaF crystal at 2.8 µm.

We present growth, spectroscopy and efficient laser operation of the cubic fluoride crystal Er:BaF at 2.8 µm. An Er(3.

Enhanced acoustic sensitivity through high--resonator mechanical resonance sidebands.

This paper presents a method for high-resolution and high-sensitivity detection of weak acoustic signals based on the mechanical resonance calcium fluoride () resonator. The method utilizes sideband signals generated by the coupling of the frequency of the acoustic signals to be measured and the intrinsic mechanical frequency of the resonator. At a quality factor (-factor) of 1.

HMGB1 as an emerging key modulator of bone remodeling: a narrative review.

Bone is a dynamic tissue that undergoes microdamage and requires remodeling to replace old bone matrix. This process demands a tight coupling between bone resorption and bone formation. Aberrant internal environment can decouple these processes, reducing bone mass and compromising mechanical properties.

Plasma biomarkers of dairy intake and gut microbiome, and their association with incident carotid plaque: a prospective cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the prospective association of dairy biomarkers of odd-chain saturated fatty acids (OCFA) with incident carotid artery plaque (CAP) and to explore the potential role of gut microbiota and related metabolites in the above associations.

Methods: In the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (GNHS, n = 1211; baseline mean age: 58.7 ± 6.

Mitochondrial genomes of Meghimatium pictum and Succinea arundinetorum provide insight into the gene order rearrangement within Stylommatophora (Gastropoda, Panpulmonata).

In this study, we report the whole mitochondrial genomes of two species, Meghimatium pictum and Succinea arundinetorum, which belong to Stylommatophora, one of the most abundant orders of Gastropoda. The total sizes of M. pictum and S.

Liming promotes the leaching of carbon and nitrogen in a double-cropped rice system.

Lime application is known to effectively increase rice yield and mitigate soil acidification, but its effect on the leaching losses of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from paddies remain unclear. Here, two treatments (no liming as control and liming at a rate of 2.0 t ha as (Ca(OH))) were conducted in a double-cropped rice field with acidic red soil.

Copper ionophore enhanced cisplatin efficiency through DLAT-cuprotosis.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women globally, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks effective therapeutic strategies. Cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) are implicated in the progression of breast cancer. Thirteen CRGs have been identified in previous studies.

Laser writing of spin defects in polymers.

Technologies based on quantum effects of spin defects, such as computation, communication, sensing, and anticounterfeiting, have developed rapidly. However, limited by specific crystal structure required for spin defects, wide extension of their application faces challenges. A notable challenge is fabricating spin defects in general-purpose, low-cost amorphous materials such as polymers.