Mechanistic and Kinetic Insights into Nitrogen Chemistry: NH-Mediated H-Abstraction and HCN Addition Pathways in NH/Ethanol Combustion.

To elucidate possible mechanisms of nitrogen chemistry between ammonia (NH) and ethanol, the potential pathways of ethanol radicals (Wa, Wb, and Wc) following H-abstraction by NH radicals were primarily investigated including HCN addition, H-transfer, and dissociation reactions by quantum chemical calculations. The rate constants were solved in the master equation based on RRKM and TST theory and fitted to the Arrhenius equation. The results demonstrate that H-abstraction from CHOH by NH at the b-site is the most competitive, facilitating subsequent HCN addition.

Female light capture is shaped by juvenile hormone-mediated post-mating behavior in the diamondback moth.

Background: Post-mating behavioral changes are crucial for optimizing female reproductive success in insects, frequently resulting in shifts in both physiology and behavior. In moths, light traps typically capture more mated females than unmated ones; however, the mechanisms driving this discrepancy remain unclear.

Results: In this study, we examined how mating status influences female light capture in the diamondback moth (DBM; Plutella xylostella).

Nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation programme on physical capacity and mental health for heart valve patients: study protocol of a quasi-experimental study.

Introduction: Evidence-based early rehabilitation intervention after heart valve surgery has been proven to have many benefits, but the experience of implementing nurse-led early rehabilitation combining exercise and psychology is still lacking. It is urgent to find a more acceptable and cost-effective method to provide exercise intervention and psychological support. The aim of this study is to design a nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation programme to increase the physical capacity and mental health for heart valve patient based on broaden-and-build theory.

Ferulic acid derived from Huanshaodan improves cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease model through regulating APP proteolytic processing via downregulation of SIRT2 expression.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Huanshaodan (HSD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound Prescription, traditionally used in the clinical treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in China. Nevertheless, its bioactive constituents and mechanistic basis remain poorly understood.

Aim Of The Study: To identify the components derived from HSD that inhibit SIRT2 and investigate the underlying mechanisms in mitigating AD pathogenesis.

Synthetic Membranes for Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries (AORFBs): towards High Conductive and Selective Ion Channels.

Aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) have emerged as one of the most promising electrochemical technologies for large-scale energy storage due to their use of water-based electrolytes, offering safety and cost advantages over organic solvent-based systems. AORFBs utilize organic molecules derived from earth-abundant elements, enabling tunable properties such as solubility, stability, and redox potential at the molecular level. These features enable improvements in energy and power densities, operational lifetimes, and efficiency metrics in the battery system.

Gut microbial metabolite TMAO impairs cognitive function and induces hippocampal synaptic plasticity decline through modulation of GSK-3β activity.

Background And Objectives: Growing evidence has suggested that elevated Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels, a gut microbiota-dependent metabolite, are closely associated with brain aging and cognitive impairment. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) activity was depicted to be essential in regulating learning and memory. The current study examined the impact of TMAO on cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and rat models while exploring the mechanisms regulating the TMAO-induced GSK-3β signaling.

Chemical engineering of γδ T cells with cancer cell-targeting antibodies for enhanced tumor immunotherapy.

Gamma delta (γδ) T cells hold great promise in adoptive cell therapy, but suffer from low tumor-targeting efficiency. Herein, we report the development of antibody-γδ T cell conjugates for enhanced tumor therapy. By evaluating different biomolecules residing on the cell surface, sialic acids-the terminal sugars of various cell-surface glycans-are identified as the optimum site for anchoring antibodies onto γδ T cells via metabolic glycan labeling with unnatural sugars containing a bioorthogonal functional group.

Portable electroencephalography in early detection of depression: Progress and future directions.

Traditional diagnostic tools for depression, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, are susceptible to subjective bias, increasing the risk of misdiagnosis and emphasizing the critical need for objective biomarkers. This minireview evaluates the emerging role of portable electroencephalography (EEG) as a cost-effective, accessible solution for early depression detection. By synthesizing findings from 45 studies (selected from 764 screened articles), we highlight EEG's capacity to identify aberrant neural oscillations associated with core depressive symptoms, including anhedonia, excessive guilt, and persistent low mood.

Atractylenolide III Mitigates Alzheimer's Disease by Enhancing Autophagy via the YY1-TFEB Pathway.

Autophagy dysregulation serves as a significant pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), with transcription factor EB (TFEB) acting as a pivotal transcription factor that governs the process of autophagy. Atractylenolide III (AT-III), a terpenoid compound found in medicinal Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, is well-known for its role in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study is to explore the beneficial impact of AT-III on AD pathology and identify the mechanisms involved.

Climate Change Risk to Giant Panda Populations: Insights From Changes in Both Habitat Area and Bioclimatic Velocity.

Climate change affects biodiversity through multidimensional impacts, influencing not only shifts in habitat range but also changes in habitat quality. In this context, habitat area and bioclimatic velocity have become critical metrics for assessing species-specific vulnerabilities to climate change. Here, we assessed the extinction risk and exposure risk of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) based on habitat area and bioclimatic velocity, respectively, and examined the differences between these two risks to inform climate-adaptive conservation strategies.

Post-Acupuncture Acute Cervical Spinal Epidural Hematoma With Hemiplegia Misdiagnosed as Cerebral Infarction: A Case Report and Literature Review.

This case report describes a rare but serious complication termed post-acupuncture acute cervical spinal epidural hematoma (paACSEH). The patient presented with right-sided hemiplegia and cervical pain following acupuncture therapy. Initial misdiagnosis as cerebral infarction led to inappropriate alteplase thrombolytic therapy, which was promptly discontinued after CT imaging confirmed cervical spinal epidural hematoma.

Modeling and Optimization of Microwave Vacuum Drying for Pinelliae Rhizoma: Integrating Drying Kinetics, Artificial Neural Networks, and Quality Preservation.

This study investigated the effects of drying temperature and vacuum degree on the drying characteristics, color, rehydration ratio, nucleoside content, and microstructure of Pinelliae Rhizoma (PR) during microwave-vacuum drying (MVD). The results demonstrated that MVD significantly reduced the drying time and enhanced processing efficiency. Four different mathematical models and artificial neural network (ANN) predictive models are developed for further comparison.

Plant-derived bioactives in early-life complementary foods: a nutritional blueprint for lifelong health.

Background: The initial 1,000 days of life represent a critical window for determining long-term health. Nutrition in early life has a significant impact on developmental programming of metabolism, immunity, and gut microbiota, with long-term implications for chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Aim Of The Review: This review compiles evidence for the role of plant-derived bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, genistein, carotenoids, and chlorophyll, in early-life nutritional programming.

Unraveling the Reaction Mechanism of HCN Intervention on the NPAHs Formation in NH/Acenaphthylene Combustion using Theoretical Calculations.

The objective of this study is to elucidate the nitrogen chemistry mechanisms underlying the reaction between NH and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resulting in the formation of nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). This study employs the acenaphthylene radical as a model system and combines G3(MP2,CC)//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) theory with transition state analysis to systematically map potential energy surfaces for HCN-CH addition reactions at various sites. The MESS program was carried out to determine rate constants across temperatures of 300-2500 K and pressures ranging from 0.

Efficient federated learning via aggregation of base models.

Federated Learning (FL), as a distributed computing framework for training machine learning (ML) models, has garnered significant attention for its superior privacy protection. In typical FL, a subset of client models is randomly selected for aggregation in each iteration, which performs well when the data is independent and identically distributed (IID). However, in real-world scenarios, data is often non-independent and identically distributed (Non-IID).

A new model for the global patterning of spores and pollen grains.

Spores of fungi and seedless plants, and pollen grains of seed plants, are usually characterized by variable global patterns on the surface. However, the mechanisms responsible for the development of these patterns have not been fully understood. We hypothesize that the global pattern of a spore or pollen grain is induced by the stresses resulted from the mismatch between a faster-growing outer part and a slower-growing inner part within the grain and tried to verify the hypothesis by simplifying the developing spores and pollen grains as stressed core/shell structures, simulating the buckling patterns of such structures with different shapes and shell thicknesses through finite element method, and comparing the simulated models with natural spores and pollen grains observed under microscopes.

DMP-Net: Deep semantic prior compressed spectral reconstruction method towards intraoperative imaging of brain tissue.

In the diagnosis and surgical resection of brain tumors, hyperspectral imaging, as a non-invasive detection technology, can effectively characterize the morphological structure and the physicochemical differences in cellular metabolism of different tissues. However, live tissues typically exhibit certain motion characteristics, and traditional hyperspectral imaging systems struggle to meet the demands for real-time and rapid imaging. The snapshot compressive spectral imaging (CSI) system can quickly acquire spatial spectral information of the lesion area in a single exposure and, combined with reconstruction algorithms, effectively restore the high-dimensional spectral information of brain tissue.

Photocatalyzed Oxycarboranylation and Hydrocarboranylation of Unsaturated C-C Bonds with 1-Iodo-2-methyl--carboranes as the Synthon.

Carboranes, serving as three-dimensional surrogates for benzene and core skeletons of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) reagents, have become increasingly vital in medicinal chemistry. Traditional carbon-site functionalization of carboranes relying on strong base-mediated deprotonation inherently restricts reaction diversity. Herein, we report a polarity-matching-driven halogen atom transfer strategy, enabling the generation of open-shell carbon-centered carborane radicals.

WhiFuN: A toolbox to map the white matter functional networks of the human brain.

Functional connectivity (FC) computed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the gray matter (GM) regions of the human brain has been successfully used to find reliable markers of healthy and clinical populations. Approximately 50% of the human brain consists of white matter (WM), and previous studies have shown the presence of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the WM. However, current FC analysis by researchers is limited to GM regions of the brain, and fMRI data from WM are typically not analyzed.

Ultra-long-range optical pulling with an optical nanofibre.

As a counterintuitive phenomenon, optical pulling of an object has been attracting increasing attention in recent years, owing to its intriguing underlying physics of light momentum transfer and potential for multi-directional manipulation. Due to the difficulty in engineering wave vectors for long-range optical pulling with a single beam, to date, the pulling range of an object is experimentally limited to hundreds of micrometres. Here, we demonstrate ultra-long-range optical pulling of a micro-droplet with an optical nanofibre based on the Minkowski-photon-momentum engineering.

Transcranial High-Frequency Terahertz Stimulation Alleviates Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice via a Noninvasive Approach.

Terahertz waves, positioned between infrared and microwave frequencies, have important potential in various fields, but their potential for in vivo biomedical applications has mostly remained untapped. In the present study, we focused on testing the potential of noninvasive high-frequency terahertz stimulation (HFTS) as a treatment for anxiety in mice. Mice were subjected to acute restraint stress to induce anxiety and then clustered into anxiety-susceptible and anxiety-resilient groups using the -means algorithm.

DDX41 resolves G-quadruplexes to maintain erythroid genome integrity and prevent cGAS-mediated cell death.

Deleterious germline DDX41 variants constitute the most common inherited predisposition disorder linked to myeloid neoplasms (MNs), yet their role in MNs remains unclear. Here we show that DDX41 is essential for erythropoiesis but dispensable for other hematopoietic lineages. Ddx41 knockout in early erythropoiesis is embryonically lethal, while knockout in late-stage terminal erythropoiesis allows mice to survive with normal blood counts.

Real-world experience on efficacy and safety of different adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of various adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) regimens for treating locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods And Analysis: In this retrospective study, the patients received either intravenous AC regimens (cisplatin-fluorouracil (PF) or cisplatin-gemcitabine (GP)) or oral regimens (capecitabine or tegafur, gimeracil and oteracil potassium capsule (S-1)) following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).