WhiFuN: A toolbox to map the white matter functional networks of the human brain.

Functional connectivity (FC) computed using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the gray matter (GM) regions of the human brain has been successfully used to find reliable markers of healthy and clinical populations. Approximately 50% of the human brain consists of white matter (WM), and previous studies have shown the presence of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in the WM. However, current FC analysis by researchers is limited to GM regions of the brain, and fMRI data from WM are typically not analyzed.

Molecular connectivity studies in neurotransmission: a scoping review.

Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are essential molecular imaging tools for the in vivo investigation of neurotransmission. Traditionally, PET and SPECT images are analysed in a univariate manner, testing for changes in radiotracer binding in regions or voxels of interest independently of each other. Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in the so-calledapproach that captures relationships of molecular imaging measures in different brain regions.

Evaluation of the Anti-Alzheimer Activity of Polysaccharide in Aβ-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Model.

As a common neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests as progressive memory loss, cognitive deficits, and dementia in older adults. As the basis of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Goji berries, polysaccharide (LBP) has been proven to exhibit multiple pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence supports that LBP can enhance cognitive function and holds promise in counteracting AD.

Comparing intra- and inter-individual correlational brain connectivity from functional and structural neuroimaging data.

Inferring brain connectivity from inter-individual correlations has been applied across various neuroimaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI. The variability underlying these inter-individual correlations is generally attributed to factors such as genetics, life experiences, and long-term influences like aging. This study leveraged two unique longitudinal datasets to examine intra-individual correlations of structural and functional brain measures across an extended time span.

Effects of Tasks on Functional Brain Connectivity Derived from Interindividual Correlations: Insights from Regional Homogeneity of Functional MRI Data.

Research on brain functional connectivity often relies on intraindividual moment-to-moment correlations of functional activity, typically using functional MRI (fMRI). Interindividual correlations are also employed in data from fMRI and positron emission tomography. Many studies have not specified tasks during scanning, keeping participants in an implicit "resting" condition.

A novel strategy for identifying hepatotoxic constituents in traditional Chinese medicine using dose-normalized intracellular accumulation as a cytotoxicity indicator: a case study of Jinlingzi San.

Introduction: Herb-induced liver injury associated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has increasingly attracted scientific attention. However, the rapid and effective methods for elucidating the material basis of hepatotoxicity in TCM are still lacking. This study developed a strategy based on the use of dose-normalized intracellular accumulation as a cytotoxicity indicator to identify key hepatotoxic components in TCM.

Glucose metabolism in hyper-connected regions predicts neurodegeneration and speed of conversion in Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose: Here, we combined a longitudinal design to assess whole-brain hyper- and hypo-connectivity in the different clinical phases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a multimodal approach to understand how such connectivity changes were related to glucose hypometabolism.

Methods: We selected a longitudinal cohort of N = 66 subjects with clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and FDG-PET assessments, from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. N = 31 AD individuals were assessed at three stages: mild cognitive impairment (AD-MCI, T0), early phase of dementia (mild-AD, T1) and dementia (AD-D, T2).

A ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on Eu doped LDH@CMCh gel for visual detection and effective adsorption of tetracycline antibiotics.

Herein, a ratiometric fluorescence sensor (Eu/LDH@CMCh gel) was firstly designed by self-assembling Eu doped ZnAl layered double hydroxide (LDH) on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) for simultaneously visual detection and effective adsorption of tetracycline antibiotics (TCs). Blue fluorescence at 420 nm of Zn-sensitized CMCh was quenched by TCs through the inner filter effect, while the red fluorescence at 617 nm generated by the antenna effect was enhanced obviously. Based on reverse variation of two fluorescence signals, sensitive detection of TCs was achieved with a lower LOD (0.

Scaled-up 2D solid-state laser array.

The inherent trade-off between high-power and high beam quality has long been a critical technological challenge for high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), fundamentally limiting their direct application, especially in remote large area irradiation and detection. Here, a compact and efficient two-dimensional (2D) laser array based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array is proposed and demonstrated. By employing a highly doped Nd:YVO crystal and a specialized cavity to compensate thermal lensing effect, the laser array achieves a 1 μm wavelength, 4.

Eye-safe 1.5 µm passively Q-switched solid-state Raman laser.

Due to the low output energy of the passively Q-switched laser, a challenge is to achieve an efficient stimulated Raman generation via a passively Q-switched laser pumping strategy, especially the generation of a Raman laser at 1.5 µm. In this paper, the first-order Raman laser at 1525 nm was successfully demonstrated through a passively Q-switched Nd:YVO/V:YAG excitation with a compact and an easily integrable structure.

IS-SCP: enhanced single-cell proteomics using an simplified strategy.

Advances in single-cell proteomics have enabled the investigation of the distinctive proteomic makeup of individual cells, significantly impacting biomedical research. However, most existing approaches involve complex sample preparation workflows and are sensitive to potential sample loss, which limits their applicability. In this paper, we reported an advanced workflow for easy-to-use single-cell proteome analysis using an simplified strategy, named " simplified single-cell proteomics (IS-SCP)".

Influence of oil phases on the digestibility and curcumin delivery properties of Pickering emulsions.

Starch-based Pickering emulsions with four types of oil phases (coconut, corn, olive, and sunflower oils) were fabricated to compare their delivery properties for curcumin. The release rates of free fatty acids and the bioavailability of curcumin were investigated using an oral-gastric-intestinal digestion model. The results revealed that the emulsions prepared with corn oil exhibited the highest zero-shear viscosity ( ) and infinite-shear viscosity ( ) values, indicating its superior physical stability.

One-step in-situ growth of histidine-modified ZIF-90 on natural eggshell membrane for efficient extraction of p-nitrophenol and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in human urine and environmental water.

Monitoring of p-nitrophenol (PNP) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (PNMC) in human urine and environmental water is of great importance for human health assessment and environmental protection, as they are both urinary metabolites of some poisonous pesticides and priority environmental pollutants. However, efficient extraction of trace levels of PNP and PNMC from complex matrices remains challenging. This study presented the synthesis of histidine-modified ZIF-90 on natural eggshell membrane (ESM@His-ZIF-90) via a facile one-step in-situ growth strategy, and its application as an adsorbent for dispersive membrane extraction (DME) of PNP and PNMC in human urine and environmental water.

Green synthesis of water-compatible layer-by-layer assembled sandwich bread-like molecularly imprinted polymers for selective recognition of baicalin from Scutellariae Radix.

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are typically synthesized in organic solvents, leading to poor compatibility with water, weak affinity and selectivity for target molecules in aqueous media. To address these challenges, a green and sustainable synthesis of sandwich bread-like ATP@MIP was conducted using polyethylenimide (PEI) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) as hydrophilic bi-functional monomers via layer-by-layer self-assembly on the attapulgite (ATP) carrier. The new ATP@MIP can provide a higher density of imprinting sites with more orderly and uniform distribution due to inhibiting the competitive polymerization between PEI and DES, thereby significantly enhancing recognition ability.

Portable and real-time detection for tetracycline antibiotics using europium-doped LDH gel intercalated graphene quantum dots.

Tetracyclines (TCs) residues pose a significant threat to the aquatic environment and human health, therefore this study aims to develop a simple, rapid, and sensitive TCs detection method. Herein, a dual-responsive gel probe (LDH-CES@N) was designed, consisting of the intercalation of graphene quantum dots into europium-doped layered double hydroxide (LDH). In the presence of TCs, the as-prepared probe exhibited dual emission fluorescence at 504 nm and 616 nm due to the synergistic effect of aggregation-induced emission and antenna effect.

Comparing Intra- and Inter-individual Correlational Brain Connectivity from Functional and Structural Neuroimaging Data.

Inferring brain connectivity from inter-individual correlations has been applied across various neuroimaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI. The variability underlying these inter-individual correlations is generally attributed to factors such as genetics, life experiences, and long-term influences like aging. This study leveraged two unique longitudinal datasets to examine intra-individual correlations of structural and functional brain measures across an extended time span.

Enhanced beneficial lipids and volatile compounds in Jersey ghee attributed by key microbiota.

Ghee, a traditional fermented dairy product and dietary staple for inhabitants of the Tibet Plateau, has unclear lipid profiles and flavor formation mechanisms. This study aims to characterize superior ghee varieties and elucidate factors driving the production of beneficial lipids and flavor compounds. Through a comprehensive analysis of lipidomic profiles, volatile organic compound (VOC) release and microbial dynamics during ghee production from Holstein milk (HM) and Jersey milk (JM), A total of 126 differential lipids were identified, primarily associated with glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism.

Explorations of using a convolutional neural network to understand brain activations during movie watching.

Background: Naturalistic stimuli, such as videos, can elicit complex brain activations. However, the intricate nature of these stimuli makes it challenging to attribute specific brain functions to the resulting activations, particularly for higher-level processes such as social interactions.

Objective: We hypothesized that activations in different layers of a convolutional neural network (VGG-16) would correspond to varying levels of brain activation, reflecting the brain's visual processing hierarchy.

Molecularly imprinted polymer gel with superior recognition and adsorption capacity for amphenicol antibiotics in food matrices.

A molecular-imprinted polymer (MIP) gel with high effective recognition of amphenicol antibiotics was synthesized for the first time based on layered double hydroxide (LDH) as the support and initiator, and functionalized β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as the functional monomer. The synergistic effect of molecular imprinting recognition and β-CD host-guest affinity enabled MIP gel to exhibit excellent selectivity (imprinted factors: 3.9-9.

Rhamnolipids-based bio-supramolecular solvents as green and sustainable media for extraction of pyrethroid insecticides in water and food matrices.

A novel bio-supramolecular solvent (bio-SUPRAS) based on rhamnolipids (RLs) was designed for efficient extraction of pyrethroid insecticides in water and food matrices. Benefiting from RLs as amphiphiles equipped with the attractive properties of bio-degradable, low toxicity and high stability, bio-SUPRAS was spontaneously generated through salt induced coagulation. The bio-SUPRAS was characterized by cryo-scanning electron microscope and main factors influencing the extraction performance were investigated in detail.

Effects of Tasks on Functional Brain Connectivity Derived from Inter-Individual Correlations: Insights from Regional Homogeneity of Functional MRI Data.

Research on brain functional connectivity often relies on intra-individual moment-to-moment correlations of functional activity, typically using functional MRI (fMRI). Inter-individual correlations are also employed on data from fMRI and positron emission tomography (PET). Many studies have not specified tasks during scanning, keeping participants in an implicit "resting" condition.

Delayed cerebrovascular reactivity in individuals with spinal cord injury in the right inferior parietal lobe: a breath-hold functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) reflects the ability of blood vessels to dilate or constrict in response to a vasoactive stimulus, and allows researchers to assess the brain's vascular health. Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at an increased risk for autonomic dysfunction in addition to cognitive impairments, which have been linked to a decline in CVR; however, there is currently a lack of brain-imaging studies that investigate how CVR is altered after SCI. In this study, we used a breath-holding hypercapnic stimulus and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate CVR alterations in individuals with SCI (n = 20, 14M, 6F, mean age = 46.

Designing green and recyclable switchable supramolecular deep eutectic solvents for efficient extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix and mechanism exploration.

A green and recyclable switchable supramolecular deep eutectic solvent (SS-DES) was designed and prepared for effective extraction of flavonoids from Scutellariae Radix. The novel SS-DES has both excellent extraction performance of DES and the host guest inclusion of cyclodextrin, thereby showing superior extraction efficiency and selectivity. The characteristic of polarity switching can endow the SS-DES with achieving homogeneous extraction and rapid two-phase separation, shorting per-treatment time largely.