Molecular connectivity studies in neurotransmission: a scoping review.

Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are essential molecular imaging tools for the in vivo investigation of neurotransmission. Traditionally, PET and SPECT images are analysed in a univariate manner, testing for changes in radiotracer binding in regions or voxels of interest independently of each other. Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in the so-calledapproach that captures relationships of molecular imaging measures in different brain regions.

Assessment of sestamibi CZT-SPECT reconstructed using deep-learning-based virtual attenuation correction maps according to coronary artery territory and with comparison to rubidium-PET.

Background: Attenuation artifacts affect the analysis of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging, especially in the right coronary artery (RCA) territory, although computed tomography (CT)-based attenuation corrections minimize this issue. This study aims to assess stress-rest [Tc]sestamibi cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)-SPECT reconstructed using deep-learning-based attenuation correction (DLAC) maps according to coronary artery territory and with comparison to [Rb]rubidium-positron emission tomography (Rb-PET) conventionally reconstructed with CT-based attenuation correction.

Methods: We compared stress-rest [Tc]sestamibi CZT-SPECT reconstructed without (i.

Reorganization of brain connectivity in post-COVID condition: a F-FDG PET study.

Background: A hypometabolic brain pattern has been reported in patients with post-COVID condition (PCC). The aim of this study was to investigate reorganization in metabolic connectivity in patients with PCC.

Results: One hundred eighty-eight patients who underwent brain F-FDG PET for PCC were retrospectively included from two university hospital centres.

Brain F-FDG-PET abnormalities and their associations with neuropsychological assessment in initially hospitalized patients with post-COVID-19 conditions: a prospective and longitudinal study.

Rationale: This study aims to longitudinally investigate the associations between brain F-FDG-PET metabolism and neuropsychological assessment (NPA) in initially hospitalized patients with post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs).

Methods: Patients with PCC and confirmed neurological impairment were prospectively included and underwent both brain F-FDG-PET and NPA at inclusion and one year later. BrainF-FDG-PET metabolism was correlated with NPA tests.

Persistent somatostatin PET signs of inflammatory cells 4 to 5 months after acute myocarditis are linked to a poorer recovery of cardiac function.

Purpose: Acute Myocarditis (AM) was recently shown to be detected by the Somatostatin Positron Emission Tomography (PET) criterion of > 18 cm Myocardial Uptake Volume (MUV), a sign of significant inflammatory cell infiltration. This study characterizes patients for whom this criterion persists 4 to 5 months after AM.

Methods: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) and [ Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET data from 27 AM patients (2 women, median age 26.

Brain F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography: An efficient tool at the initial diagnosis of nonlesional late onset epilepsy.

Objective: This study evaluates the diagnostic performance and prognostic value of brain F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) at the initial diagnosis of patients with nonlesional late onset epilepsy (NLLOE).

Methods: In this cohort study at the University Hospital of Nancy, France, newly diagnosed NLLOE patients, >50 years old, were consecutively included from June 2017 to January 2021 and systematically underwent brain F-FDG PET. They were categorized into four presumed etiological NLLOE subtypes: neurodegenerative subtype (NDS; patients with a diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease), microvascular subtype (MVS; patients with ≥3 cardiovascular risk factors and ≥2 vascular lesions on magnetic resonance imaging), inflammatory subtype (IFS; patients meeting international criteria for encephalitis), and unlabeled subtype (ULS).

Diagnostic accuracy of low-dose myocardial perfusion imaging in a real-world setting.

Background: This large-scale study analyzes factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy of low-dose myocardial perfusion imaging and correlation with coronary angiography in a real-world practice.

Methods: We compared data extracted from routine reports of (i) low-dose [Tc]sestamibi stress-MPI performed with no attenuation correction and predominantly exercise stress testing and (ii) the corresponding coronary angiography.

Results: We considered 1070 pairs of coronary angiography/stress-MPI results reported by 11 physicians.

Metabolic Brain PET Connectivity.

This review examines the role of metabolic connectivity based on fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in understanding brain network organization across neurologic disorders, with a focus on neurodegenerative diseases. The article explores key methodologies for metabolic connectivity study and highlights altered connectivity patterns in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, frontotemporal dementia, and other conditions. It also discusses emerging applications, including single-subject analyses and brain-organ interactions.

Early wave reflection of carotid artery is associated with 18 F-FDG PET hypometabolism in Alzheimer's brain areas of cognitively normal adults.

Introduction: Arterial stiffening likely plays a role in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. The current study investigated whether inter-individual variations in arterial stiffness and pressure wave parameters were associated with 18 F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) metabolism in AD-associated brain areas throughout adulthood, independently of age and before the onset of any neuropsychological disorders.

Methods: A prospective, large age-range population of 67 patients (17 young, 16 middle-aged, and 34 older adults; 37 women) underwent a: brain 18 F-FDG PET, blood pressure recording, and carotid/femoral pulse wave-based measurements, including the time-to-peak of the reflected backward carotid pulse wave (bT), on the same day.

Metabolic brain connectivity reorganization in Alzheimer's disease patients: a systematic review.

Introduction: Metabolic connectivity has been studied in various neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), but there is a wealth of accumulated evidence and sometimes conflicting results, depending on the methodology applied. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the results obtained regarding metabolic brain connectivity using [F]-FDG-PET in AD patients compared to cognitively normal subjects.

Evidence Acquisition: A systematic and exhaustive search of data available in the literature was carried out by querying the PubMed and Web of Science databases.

Factors Associated with Myocardial Uptake on Oncologic Somatostatin PET Investigations and Differentiation from Myocardial Uptake of Acute Myocarditis.

Myocardial somatostatin PET uptake is observed not only in most patients with acute myocarditis (AM) but also in some oncology patients referred for routine somatostatin PET. This raises concerns about the specificity of somatostatin PET for detecting myocarditis. The current study aims to identify factors associated with the detection of myocardial uptake on somatostatin PET scans recorded for oncology indications and differential PET criteria that characterize myocardial uptake in AM patients.

Association between baseline hemodynamic indices, cardiotoxicity risk, and survival in women with breast cancer.

Background: The outcome of breast cancer (BrCa) women monitored by low-dose equilibrium radionuclide angiography (ERNA) remains challenging to predict.

Aim: This study aims to determine whether heart rate (HR)/blood pressure (BP) ratio-based indexes, previously confirmed to predict outcomes of various diseases, also predict BrCa-therapy-related cardiotoxicity and survival.

Methods: Predictors of cardiotoxicity and survival were determined among pre-therapy variables, including shock index ([SI HR/systolic BP) and age-adjusted SI (ASI), in a female BrCa cohort with normal baseline ERNA-left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Assessment of a one-week ketogenic diet on brain glycolytic metabolism and on the status epilepticus stage of a lithium-pilocarpine rat model.

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been shown to be effective in refractory epilepsy after long-term administration. However, its interference with short-term brain metabolism and its involvement in the early process leading to epilepsy remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the effect of a short-term ketogenic diet on cerebral glucose metabolic changes, before and after status epilepticus (SE) in rats, by using [F]-FDG PET.

Early exposure to mercury and cardiovascular function of seven-year old children in Guadeloupe (French West Indies).

Background: The cardiotoxicity of prenatal exposure to mercury has been suggested in populations having regular contaminated seafood intake, though replications in the literature are inconsistent.

Methods: The Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study was set up in Guadeloupe, an island in the Caribbean Sea where seafood consumption is regular. At seven years of age, 592 children underwent a medical examination, including cardiac function assessment.

Effects of medication on dopamine transporter imaging using [I]I-FP-CIT SPECT in routine practice.

Purpose: Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging is used to support the diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders. Specific medications have been reported to confound the interpretation of [I]I-FP-CIT SPECT scans, but there is limited data. The aim of the current study is to identify potential medication effects on the interpretation of [I]I-FP-CIT SPECT scans in routine practice.

Body Surface Gastrointestinal Potential Mapping: A Simulation Framework to Evaluate Source Separation Algorithms.

Gastrointestinal (GI) potential mapping could be useful for evaluating GI motility disorders. Such disorders are found in inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease, or GI functional disorders. GI potential mapping data originate from a mixture of several GI electrophysiological sources (termed ExG) and other noise sources, including the electrocardiogram (ECG) and respiration.

Identification of resting-state networks using dynamic brain perfusion SPECT imaging: A fSPECT case report.

Connectivity studies with nuclear medicine systems are scarce in literature. They mainly employ PET imaging and group level analyses due to the low temporal resolution of PET and especially SPECT imaging. Our current study analyses connectivity at an individual level using dynamic SPECT imaging, which has been enabled by the improved temporal resolution performances provided by the 360°CZT cameras.

Brain F-FDG PET imaging in outpatients with post-COVID-19 conditions: findings and associations with clinical characteristics.

Background: Brain F-FDG PET imaging has the potential to provide an objective assessment of brain involvement in post-COVID-19 conditions but previous studies of heterogeneous patient series yield inconsistent results. The current study aimed to investigate brain F-FDG PET findings in a homogeneous series of outpatients with post-COVID-19 conditions and to identify associations with clinical patient characteristics.

Methods: We retrospectively included 28 consecutive outpatients who presented with post-COVID-19 conditions between September 2020 and May 2022 and who satisfied the WHO definition, and had a brain F-FDG PET for suspected brain involvement but had not been hospitalized for COVID-19.

Metabolic connectivity is associated with seizure outcome in surgically treated temporal lobe epilepsies: A F-FDG PET seed correlation analysis.

Unlabelled: F-FDG PET provides high sensitivity for the pre-surgical assessment of drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, little is known about the metabolic connectivity of epileptogenic networks involved. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic connectivity and seizure outcome in surgically treated TLE.

A comparative study of the performance of methods for f-wave extraction.

This study proposes a novel technique for atrial fibrillatory waves (f-waves) extraction and investigates the performance of the proposed method comparing with different f-wave extraction methods.We propose a novel technique combining a periodic component analysis (PiCA) and echo state network (ESN) for f-waves extraction, denoted PiCA-ESN. PiCA-ESN benefits from the advantages of using both source separation and nonlinear adaptive filtering.

Interactions Between Brain F-FDG PET Metabolism and Hemodynamic Parameters at Different Ages of Life: Results From a Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Brain F-FDG PET imaging is useful to characterize accelerated brain aging at a pre-symptomatic stage. This study aims to examine the interactions between brain glycolytic metabolism and hemodynamic parameters in different age groups. : A total of 72 patients (from 23 to 88 years of age, 38 women) without any cerebral diseases but with available cardiac, arterial peripheral, and central blood pressure measurements as well as arterial stiffness parameters obtained from brachial pressure and applanation tonometry and a brain F-FDG PET scan were prospectively included into this study.

Multi-tracer and multiparametric PET imaging to detect the IDH mutation in glioma: a preclinical translational in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo study.

Background: This translational study explores multi-tracer PET imaging for the non-invasive detection of the IDH1 mutation which is a positive prognostic factor in glioma.

Methods: U87 human high-grade glioma (HGG) isogenic cell lines with or without the IDH1 mutation (CRISP/Cas9 method) were stereotactically grafted into rat brains, and examined, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. PET imaging sessions, with radiotracers specific for glycolytic metabolism ([F]FDG), amino acid metabolism ([F]FDopa), and inflammation ([F]DPA-714), were performed sequentially during 3-4 days.