Mechanistic and Kinetic Insights into Nitrogen Chemistry: NH-Mediated H-Abstraction and HCN Addition Pathways in NH/Ethanol Combustion.

To elucidate possible mechanisms of nitrogen chemistry between ammonia (NH) and ethanol, the potential pathways of ethanol radicals (Wa, Wb, and Wc) following H-abstraction by NH radicals were primarily investigated including HCN addition, H-transfer, and dissociation reactions by quantum chemical calculations. The rate constants were solved in the master equation based on RRKM and TST theory and fitted to the Arrhenius equation. The results demonstrate that H-abstraction from CHOH by NH at the b-site is the most competitive, facilitating subsequent HCN addition.

2 × 2 Charge Density Wave in FeNbSe Stabilized by Disordered Intercalation.

The complex interplay between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom underlies a rich variety of emergent phenomena in quantum materials, particularly charge density waves (CDWs). Understanding the distinct roles of electron carriers and structural order in CDW formation is crucial for elucidating the underlying mechanisms and enabling control over material properties. The intertwined effects of charge doping and structural periodicity make it challenging to isolate the individual contributions to lattice modulations.

Unraveling the Reaction Mechanism of HCN Intervention on the NPAHs Formation in NH/Acenaphthylene Combustion using Theoretical Calculations.

The objective of this study is to elucidate the nitrogen chemistry mechanisms underlying the reaction between NH and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resulting in the formation of nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs). This study employs the acenaphthylene radical as a model system and combines G3(MP2,CC)//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) theory with transition state analysis to systematically map potential energy surfaces for HCN-CH addition reactions at various sites. The MESS program was carried out to determine rate constants across temperatures of 300-2500 K and pressures ranging from 0.

Gender differences in early childhood development in rural China: a sibling structure perspective.

Background: This study examines gender differences in early childhood cognitive development in rural China, focusing on the role of sibling structure. While gender disparities have narrowed in recent decades, concerns remain regarding unequal household resource allocation in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in contexts shaped by traditional son preference.

Methods: Data from 1,320 children aged 3 to 7 years across 11 nationally designated poverty counties in the Qinling Mountain region of western China were analyzed.

Surface Half-Metallicity and Electronic Structure Evolution in A-Type Antiferromagnet EuInP.

EuInP, an A-type antiferromagnet, presents a compelling platform for exploring half-metallicity due to its layered structure and contrasting intra/interlayer magnetic ordering. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory (DFT), we investigate the electronic structure evolution across its magnetic transition. Below , ARPES reveals a Fermi level band splitting, indicative of a surface ferromagnetic exchange interaction.

Chewing gum on postoperative oral Malodor in patients undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized non-inferiority trial.

Background: We aimed to determine whether preoperative chewing gum is non-inferior to Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash in reducing halitosis in patients undergoing elective general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, single-blind, non-inferiority controlled trial involving patients undergoing surgery requiring endotracheal intubation for ≤ 3 h. Participants were randomly assigned to either the CHX mouthwash group (Group M) or the chewing gum group (Group N).

Effects and Mechanisms of Paeoniflorin in Relieving Neuropathic Pain: Network Pharmacological Analysis and Experimental Validation.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a prevalent condition that can lead to a variety of complications, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Previous studies have confirmed that paeoniflorin (PF) demonstrates both therapeutic pain relief and neuroprotective effects. However, its therapeutic efficacy in managing NP remains to be thoroughly investigated.

Degradable Alginate Hydrogel Intervention Catheters with Gradient Hardness in Length.

Interventional catheter, a medical device characterized by a gradient hardness from one end to the other, exhibits enhanced flexibility upon insertion into the human body. This unique configuration accommodates various anatomical structures and surgical requirements. This study reports, for the first time, a degradable hydrogel interventional catheter with gradient hardness.

Ab Inito Chemical Kinetics Modeling of Liquid-phase Reactions of Monomethylhydrazine and Nitrogen Tetroxide.

Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) have been utilized as hypergolic bipropellants in spacecraft engines for many years, but the liquid-phase MMH/NTO reaction mechanism remains underexplored. This theoretical study investigates the liquid-phase reactions between MMH and NTO. By employing an implicit solvent model and conducting high-accuracy quantum chemical calculations at the CCSD(T)/CBS//M06-2/6-311++G(d,p)/SMD theoretical level, we obtained the reaction paths for the isomerization reactions of NTO, for the reactions between MMH and -ONONO, and for the reactions between MMH and NO.

Astrocytic N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 is involved in neural injury induced by sepsis-associated encephalopathy.

SAE is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from severe infection, which can progress to multiorgan dysfunction and mortality. Astrocytic-specific NDRG2, a stress response gene, has been implicated in regulating astrocyte reactivity and glutamate homeostasis in various neurological disorders. In this study, we initially investigated the expression and functional role of NDRG2 in SAE.

Molecular response of a patient with e19a2-positive chronic myeloid leukemia to flumatinib: a case report and literature review.

Objective: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignancy driven by the fusion gene, with the e19a2 transcript being a rare variant, accounting for 0.4% of CML cases. Patients with the e19a2 transcript often show poor response to first-line treatment with imatinib, and no standard therapy has been established for this subtype.

Mimicking natural biomineralization enabling biodegradable and highly lipophobic alginate hydrogels.

Microorganisms can induce biomineralization of inorganic ions to form a lipophobic layer on the surface of cave rocks. Mimicking this, we developed and propose a protocol that produces a highly lipophobic hybrid layer of CaCO nanoparticles on hydrogel surfaces. This lipophobic layer endows hydrogels with an oil contact angle of 162°, causing oil droplets placed on the surface to bead up and roll off immediately.

Characterization of far-side occupant chest injuries in oblique side impact considering uncertainty.

: Oblique side impact is a common form of impact in life, and the far-side occupant's chest is highly susceptible to injury in the impact process. This study analyzed the effects of different factors on the chest response of far-side occupants in oblique side impacts. : In this study, a simplified sled model was developed.

Corrected Myopia and Its Association with Mental Health Problems Among Rural Primary School Students in Northwest China.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the myopia correction and its association with mental health problems among rural primary school students in China.

Methods: Using survey data from 17,950 students in 251 rural primary schools, this study examines the association between corrected myopia and mental health problems, as well as academic performance among rural students in China. Vision exams were offered to sample students, and student mental health status was measured using the Mental Health Test (MHT).

Molecular regulation and domestication of parthenocarpy in cucumber.

Parthenocarpy is a pivotal trait that enhances the yield and quality of fruit crops by enabling the development of seedless fruits. Here we unveil a molecular framework for the regulation and domestication of parthenocarpy in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).

Long-chain crosslinker-induced patterning on an elastic polymer film for robust and reversible information encryption/decryption.

While reversible information encryption and decryption are readily achievable with hydrogels, this process presents a significant challenge when applied to elastic polymer films. This is due to the inherent chemical stability of anhydrous polymer films which significantly increases the difficulty of information writing. In this study, we propose a solvent-free radical polymerization method for chemical patterning on the elastic film of poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS).

Regulating Supramolecular Assembly and Disassembly of Chitosan toward Efficiently Antibacterial Lubricous and Biodegradable Hydrogel Urinary Catheters.

Urinary catheters serve as critical medical devices in clinical practice. However, the currently used urinary catheters lack efficient antibacterial and lubricating properties, often leading to discomfort with patients and even severe urinary infections. Herein, a new strategy of supramolecular assembly and disassembly of chitosan (Cs) is developed that enables efficient antibacterial lubricous and biodegradable hydrogel urinary catheters.

Non-linear relationship between the first meal time of the day and gallstone incidence in American adults: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Irregular meal time is associated with gallstones. The time-dose effect between meal time and gallstone formation remains unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between the first meal time (FMT) of the day and the prevalence of gallstones.

Insights into adolescent sleep and mental health in rural area of Northwestern China.

Adolescents in affluent nations have experienced a decline in sleep duration, associated with adverse outcomes such as behavioral issues and health concerns. However, the connection between sleep and mental well-being during adolescence, particularly in developing regions like rural China, remains underexplored. A cross-sectional study of 18,516 adolescents in 124 junior high schools in Ningxia, China, utilized the strengths and difficulties questionnaire to assess mental health.

De novo assembly of a near-complete genome of aquatic vegetable Zizania latifolia in the Yangtze River Basin.

The cultivated Zizania latifolia, an aquatic vegetable prevalent in the Yangtze River Basin, represents a unique plant-fungus complex whose domestication is associated with host-parasite co-evolution. In this study, we present a high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assembly of cultivated Z. latifolia.

TSPO activation ameliorates maternal immune activation induced PV interneuron deficits via BDNF/TrkB signaling.

Rationale: Prenatal maternal immune activation (MIA) is an etiological risk factor for schizophrenia in offspring. Recently, parvalbumin (PV) positive interneuron deficits has been considered a critical pathology of many psych-cognitive disorders. Nevertheless, whether and how prenatal MIA affected PV interneuron in offspring remains largely unknown.

Antidehydration and Stable Mechanical Properties during the Phase Transition of the PNIPAM-Based Hydrogel for Body-Temperature-Monitoring Sensors.

Poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) enhances the reversibility and responsiveness of wearable temperature-sensitive devices. However, an open question is whether and how the hydrogel design can prevent adhesive performance loss caused by phase-transition-induced dehydration and unstable mechanical properties between devices and human skin and reduce interfacial failure. Herein, a gelatin-mesh scaffold-based hydrogel (NAGP-Gel) is constructed to inhibit dehydration and volume change, leading to stable mechanical properties, superior adhesiveness, and thermal sensing sensitivity during the phase transition.

Processing Solid Hydrogels into Hollow Structures by Infrared Laser Light for Highly-Efficient Drug Loading and Controlled Release.

Hollow hydrogels, characterized by their three-dimensional networks akin to biological tissues, are extensively utilized in artificial blood vessels, drug delivery, and nerve conduits due to their superior biocompatibility and fluid-transportation capacity. Nonetheless, the fabrication of hollow hydrogels presents significant challenges, including intricate steps, costly equipment, and structural instability. Consequently, refining the preparation techniques for hollow hydrogels remains paramount to surmounting the limitations of conventional methods.

Effects of trehalose and sodium alginate on microbially induced carbonate precipitation.

The process of altering the microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) by adding additives has been extensively studied. The impact of polysaccharides, as an important component of bacteria, still requires deeper exploration on MICP. This work thus focuses on two types of sugars, sodium alginate (SA) and trehalose (Tre), to explore their effects on biomineralization of carbonate induced by Bacillus pumilus Z6.