Targeting macrophages and ion homeostasis in T2D: new genes and therapeutic pathways identified.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, with macrophages playing a crucial role in pancreatic islet dysfunction. This study explored the intersection of macrophage-specific gene expression and abnormal blood monovalent inorganic cation concentration-related genes (ABRGs) in T2D patients via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and machine learning to identify key genes and potential therapeutic targets.

Methods: ScRNA-seq data from the pancreatic islet cells of 27 nondiabetic (ND) patients and 17 T2D patients were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in macrophages.

Comparative Study of Reprogramming Efficiency and Regulatory Mechanisms of Placental- and Fibroblast-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Mules.

As an interspecies hybrid inheriting genetic material from horse and donkey lineages, mules provide a unique model for studying allele-specific regulatory dynamics. Here, we isolated adult fibroblasts (AFs) and placental fibroblasts (PFs) from mule tissues and reprogrammed them into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Intriguingly, placental fibroblast-derived iPSCs (mpiPSCs) exhibited reduced reprogramming efficiency compared to adult fibroblast-derived iPSCs (maiPSCs).

[Corrigendum] Furin promotes epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells via Hippo‑YAP pathway.

Following the publication of the above article, the authors drew to the Editor's attention that the image in Fig. 3A on p. 1356 for the 'Migration/BxPC3/sh‑EGFP' experiment was mistakenly presented.

Advances in multifunctional medical sutures for wound healing: A review.

Multifunctional medical sutures (MMSs), constructed through the integration of biomaterials, drug-delivery systems, and advanced surface engineering, hold great promise for addressing surgical site infections (SSIs) and promoting tissue repair. Despite the increasing research interest, the fundamental relationship between MMSs design parameters and clinical performance remains insufficiently elucidated, which has hindered progress toward their clinical translation. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the critical performance metrics of MMSs and elucidates the underlying correlations between their structural design and functional deployment to inform practical development strategies.

A Framework for Measuring Treatment Fidelity in Motor-Based Speech Intervention for Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech.

Purpose: Examining adherence to a treatment protocol is a critical component of intervention research. This is particularly challenging in treatment involving young children with childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) where treatment is provided in a dynamic manner. The purpose of this work was to first present a framework for measuring fidelity of Dynamic Temporal and Tactile Cueing (DTTC), a motor-based treatment designed for children with CAS.

A Herbal-Piezoelectric Heterojunction Strategy to Potentiate Bacterial Cuproptosis-Like Death and Remodel the Inflammatory Microenvironment in Infection-Associated Implant Osteomyelitis.

For infection-associated implant osteomyelitis (IAOM) caused by Staphylococcus aureus, copper-induced bacterial death holds great potential. However, inducing bacterial cuproptosis-like death using low concentrations of copper (Cu) ions remains a challenge. Therefore, a "herbal-piezoelectric heterojunction" (Herbal-Piezo-HJ) is designed by integrating berberine (Ber) with Cu ion-doped Strontium titanate (SrTiO, STO) on a Ti substrate (STO-Cu@Ber).

A Novel Sensitive Recombinase-Aided Amplification Integrated Test Strip for in Milk via Dual Gene Probes.

is the main spoilage bacterium in milk, and its proliferation is one of the factors leading to the deterioration of the quality of raw milk. In this study, a rapid detection system for was developed based on recombinase-aided amplification combined with a test strip (RAA-TS), which contained a double test line (DTL) targeting the virulence gene of and the housekeeping gene of . Visual observation could detect (50 CFU/mL) and (250 CFU/mL) within 90 min, including sample pretreatment and RAA reaction and detection steps.

Comprehensive risk stratification for adult T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Relapse remains the primary cause of transplant failure in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), yet prognostic data are scarce. We conducted a multicentre retrospective study of 104 adult T-LBL patients in complete metabolic remission (CMR) undergoing allo-HSCT. Pretransplant Deauville score (DS) was evaluated, and a risk model integrating DS, immunophenotype and donor type was developed.

Prognostic value of Day 14 measurable residual disease in acute myeloid leukemia treated with venetoclax and azacitidine.

Background: Venetoclax (VEN) in combination with azacitidine (AZA) (VEN-AZA) is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients who are not candidates for intensive chemotherapy but research on prognostic factors remains limited.

Methods: Measurable residual disease (MRD) by multiparametric flow cytometry in AML is important but there is limited evidence of the clinical utility of monitoring MRD in patients treated with VEN-AZA. Herein, a total of 75 patients newly diagnosed with AML treated with VEN-AZA were retrospectively analyzed to examine the role and timing of MRD to predict survival.

Ampelopsis grossedentata protects against ethanol-induced acute duodenal injury by inhibiting TNF-triggered caspases-dependent apoptosis in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) is a popular folk tea that has been used in China for more than 1000 years. It is noteworthy that AG is widely recognized for preventing alcohol hangover in folk, and its protective effects on alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis have been demonstrated.

Aim Of The Study: Alcohol overconsumption can induce acute duodenal injury (ADI) that lacks effective therapeutic strategies.

Episodic transport of protein aggregates achieves a positive size selectivity in aggresome formation.

Eukaryotic cells direct toxic misfolded proteins to various quality control pathways based on their chemical properties and aggregation status. Aggregated proteins are targeted to selective autophagy or specifically sequestered into the "aggresome", a perinuclear inclusion at the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). However, the mechanism for selective aggresome recruitment remains unclear.

Targeting MondoA-TXNIP restores antitumour immunity in lactic-acid-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment.

In the tumour microenvironment, accumulated lactic acid (LA) promotes tumour immune evasion by facilitating regulatory T cell (T) immunosuppressive function and restraining CD8 T cell cytotoxicity, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we report that transcriptional factor MondoA-induced thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) transcription is a common feature of both T and CD8 T cells in response to lactic acid. In contrast to reduction in immunosuppressive capacity in MondoA-deficient T cells, loss of MondoA enhanced CD8 T cell cytotoxic function in the lactic-acid-induced immunosuppressive microenvironment, by restoring glucose uptake and glycolysis.

Association of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists With Cancer Risk in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: The real-world evidence on the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and cancer risk remains limited and mixed.

Methods: In 2013-2020 national Medicare claims data, we included cancer-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We identified those who initiated GLP-1 RA, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) and conducted 1:1 propensity score matching for confounding adjustment.

A predictive model for olfactory dysfunction in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Objective: To analyze the current status and risk factors of olfactory dysfunction in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), establish a prediction model, and evaluate its effectiveness.

Materials And Methods: The demographic characteristics and laboratory tests of MHD patients at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University's hemodialysis center from February to May 2024 were collected. Basic information from individuals with normal renal function at the physical examination center served as a normal control group.

Venetoclax combined with azacitidine in elderly acute myeloid leukemia: A retrospective comparison of 14-day vs 28-day dosing regimens.

However, this study has several limitations that must be acknowledged. First, the non-randomized allocation of treatment duration introduces potential selection bias, particularly as frailer patients were more likely to receive shorter therapeutic cycles, which may have confounded outcome assessments. Background: Although the standard 28-day venetoclax (VEN) regimen combined with azacitidine (AZA) improves outcomes in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia, emerging evidence suggests that shorter VEN cycles may maintain efficacy with enhanced safety.

HERV-K TM Subunit Elicits CD8 T Cell Anergy and Tumor Immune Evasion via Targeting CD3 Coreceptor ε in AML and PDAC.

CD8 T cell anergy is a critical driver of cancer immune evasion, but the underlying causes and mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the functional human endogenous retroviruses-K envelope (HERV-K Env) subunit transmembrane (K-TM) is identified as a potent viral immune checkpoint that induces CD8 T cell anergy and elicits immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC). K-TM subunits are highly expressed in CD8 T cells and enriched in sera of cancer patients.

Internet addiction and mental health: a cross-sectional study and mediation analysis in medical students with a psychiatric major.

Background: Internet Addiction (IA) has become a significant public health issue, particularly among medical students. However, research on IA within medical students with a psychiatric major, who receive specialized mental health training, remains limited. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of IA and its associations with mental health variables (depression, anxiety, impulsivity) and social factors among medical students with a psychiatric major, while exploring the mediating role of mental health variables in the relationship between academic year and IA.

Transforming the Medicare Claims Data to the OMOP Common Data Model.

Integrating heterogeneous healthcare datasets, such as claims and electronic health records, is important for making real-world data analytical-ready but poses challenges due to variations in data structures and clinical terminologies. We developed a systematic Extract, Transform, Load (ETL) pipeline to transform Medicare claims data into the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model, enabling interoperability and standardized analytics. The ETL process was developed using the ETL-CMS framework and enhanced with updated procedures utilizing open-source ETL tools-WhiteRabbit.

Natural history study of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa wounds and patient reported outcomes using mobile application home photography.

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a rare, blistering genetic disease where wounding and wound pain are the most reported problems by patients. The natural history of RDEB wounds, specifically spontaneous wound closure between chronic open vs. recurrent wounds, has not been prospectively studied, thus limiting the design of clinical trial endpoints.

Adsorption kinetics between tetrodotoxin and peptidoglycan derived from lactic acid bacteria.

Peptidoglycan (PG) is a key component that enables lactic acid bacteria to remove tetrodotoxin (TTX). However, the adsorption behaviors and interaction mechanisms between PG and TTX remain unclear. Herein, three types of PGs (A3α-PG, A1γ-PG, and A4α-PG) were used to treat TTX.

In situ spatial profiling of cytochrome c release at the single-cell level under photothermal stress utilizing a 3D bifunctional SERS substrate.

Cytochrome c (Cyt c) released from apoptotic cells into extracellular environment during photothermal therapy plays an important role in cell communication, immunological response, acting as a potential tissue messenger. Determining the spatial distribution of Cyt c at a single-cell level is essential to understanding its effects on the surrounding tissue. Here, we report a label-free method for mapping the spatial distribution of Cyt c around single apoptotic cells under photothermal stress using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS).

Identification of Chemical Constituents and Pharmacokinetics of Differential Phytochemicals in Crude and Salt-Processed Plantago asiatica L. by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS.

Plantaginis semen (PS), a traditional herbal medicine extensively utilized in China, contains bioactive compounds that exhibit notable therapeutic effects in promoting diuresis, regulating blood pressure, modulating lipid metabolism, and controlling blood glucose levels. Crude PS (CPS) and salt-processed CPS (SPS) are the two most commonly used decoction pieces of PS. The therapeutic efficacy of PS is further enhanced after salt processing, resulting in the SPS exhibiting superior pharmacological effects compared to the CPS.

A novel bispecific aptamer targeting LAG3 and HER2 enhances T cell-mediated immunotherapy against HER2-positive cancer cells.

Objective: Malignant tumors are one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. In recent years, immunotherapy has become an emerging treatment method following surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The study focused on two critical targets: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a well-established tumor biomarker overexpressed in malignancies such as non-small cell lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, and lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3), an immune checkpoint molecule predominantly expressed on activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.

Analysis on the prevalence and temporal trends of adverse birth outcomes among neonates in Shanghai from 2010 to 2023.

Background: Previous research has focused on the risk factors of adverse birth outcomes and its short-term and long-term consequences. However, study on the temporal trends of adverse birth outcomes is few. Furthermore, the population-level correlation between the rate of advanced maternal age (AMA) and the prevalence of adverse birth outcomes remains underexplored.