Preservatives induced succession of microbial communities and proliferation of resistance genes within biofilm and plastisphere in sulfur autotrophic denitrification system.

Methylparaben (MeP), Benzethonium chloride (BZC) and microplastics (MPs) as emerging contaminants are frequently detected in the environment. Furthermore, MPs can be colonized by microorganisms to form a unique ecological niche known as the "plastisphere". In this study, three biofilm-based sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) reactors were established, which were exposed to 0.

Predialysis Nephrology Care Disparities and Incident Vascular Access Among Hispanic Individuals.

Importance: Predialysis nephrology care is associated with the likelihood of having a mature, usable arteriovenous access for starting hemodialysis (ie, incident vascular access), a key care quality metric for patients with kidney failure. However, the magnitude of this association has not been quantified to date.

Objective: To quantify the attributable association between lack of access to predialysis nephrology care and incident vascular access outcomes among Hispanic patients.

Research progress on predicting KRAS gene mutations in colorectal cancer by combining radiomics and multimodal medical imaging.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a highly prevalent malignant tumor in clinical practice, poses a serious threat to human health. In 2015, the relevant guidelines issued by the United States clearly stipulated that only patients with the wild-type kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS) gene were recommended to receive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor treatment. Therefore, accurately predicting the status of the KRAS gene plays a crucial role in formulating scientific and reasonable treatment plans and improving prognosis.

Assessing the influence of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) on awareness and behavior in medical research integrity: An online survey study.

Background: Generative Artificial Intelligence(GenAI) significantly enhances medical research efficiency but raises ethical concerns regarding research integrity. The lack of systematic guidelines for its ethical use underscores the need to investigate GenAI's impact on researchers' awareness and behavior concerning integrity.

Methods/materials: A cross-sectional survey of 718 valid responses from Chinese medical researchers assessed GenAI's impact on research integrity using an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology(UTAUT) model.

Architectural transcription factors collectively shape nuclear radial positioning of chromatin contacts.

The measurement of three-dimensional genome folding in the nucleus, mostly through Hi-C methods, is expressed as contact frequencies between genomic segments, without anchoring to physical axes of the spherical nucleus. Here, we mapped the chromatin contacts along nuclear radial axis and built radial score by factoring in contact frequencies. The chromatin high-order structures exhibit rich diversity along radial axis.

SURF: A Self-Supervised Deep Learning Method for Reference-Free Deconvolution in Spatial Transcriptomics.

Spatial transcriptomics has revolutionized tissue biology by enabling spatially resolved gene expression profiling. Nonetheless, current spot-level spatial transcriptomic technologies consolidate signals from multiple cells, complicating cellular-level analysis. Moreover, matched single-cell references required by reference-based deconvolution methods are frequently unavailable.

Paired phase and magnitude reconstruction neural network for multi-shot diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is an important magnetic resonance imaging modality that reflects the diffusion of water molecules and has been widely used in tumor diagnosis. Higher image resolution is possible through multi-shot sampling but raises the challenge of suppressing image artifacts and noise when combining multi-shot data. Conventional methods introduce the magnitude and/or phase priors and regularize the reconstructed image in an iterative computing process, which suffers from slow computational speed.

Acupuncture as an adjunct therapy for enhancing endometrial receptivity in female infertility: a literature review.

Infertility remains a global challenge, with female factors accounting for the majority of cases. Endometrial receptivity (ER), the ability of the endometrium to accept and support embryo implantation, is a critical determinant of successful conception. Traditional Chinese medicine, specifically acupuncture, has been widely adopted as an adjunct therapy for enhancing ER and improving reproductive outcomes in infertile women.

Clinical Efficacy of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Bile Reflux Gastritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Bile reflux gastritis (BRG) may lead to precancerous lesions of gastric cancer and gastric cancer. Although ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been used to treat BRG, its clinical efficacy remains unknown. Therefore, we systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of UDCA compared with conventional therapy for BRG.

The impact of meta-stereotypes on older adults' cooperative behavior and the role of vicarious intergroup contact.

As population aging accelerates, intergroup relations between older adults and younger people have gained societal attention. Prosocial interactions, especially cooperative behavior between the two groups, significantly impact intergenerational relationships and older adults' well-being. However, negative effects of Meta-Stereotypes can influence cooperative behavior through intergroup anxiety.

Association of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists With Cancer Risk in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: The real-world evidence on the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and cancer risk remains limited and mixed.

Methods: In 2013-2020 national Medicare claims data, we included cancer-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We identified those who initiated GLP-1 RA, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) and conducted 1:1 propensity score matching for confounding adjustment.

PM Constituents and Hospitalizations of a Wide Spectrum of Respiratory Diseases: A Nationwide Case-Crossover Study in China.

Few studies have explored the acute effects of fine particulate matter (PM) constituents on respiratory diseases (RDs), particularly across a broad spectrum of RD subtypes. We analyzed the associations between PM and its five major constituents [organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), sulfate (SO ), nitrate (NO ), and ammonium (NH )] and RDs (10 major categories and 35 specific) based on the hospitalization records from 153 hospitals in 20 provincial distractions from 2013 to 2020. We found that short-term exposure (lag 0-1) to PM constituents per interquartile range increase was associated with higher hospitalization risks for acute upper respiratory infections, influenza and pneumonia, other acute lower respiratory infections, chronic lower respiratory diseases, other diseases of the pleura, and other diseases of the respiratory system; the effect estimates were 2.

Alterations in implantable cardioverter defibrillator lead parameters following left ventricular assist device implantation.

Background: Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used in the management of advanced heart failure. The majority of these patients have pre-existing implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). The proximity between the LVAD inflow cannula and right ventricular (RV) defibrillation lead raises the potential for disruption of ICD function.

Insight into the application of optogenetics for regulating motor-related circuits in Parkinson's disease and novel therapeutic target exploration.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most pervasive neurodegenerative diseases. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of PD have not been fully elucidated, the underlying neural circuits or neuron types have not been fully identified, and the roles that different neuronal subtypes in distinct deep brain nuclei play in the pathophysiological process of PD need to be explored. Optogenetics is a technique that can realize the exact temporal and spatial specific control of a defined neuron subpopulation, which may contribute to the comprehension of pathophysiological mechanism of PD.

Disinfectant-driven selective gene expression and metabolic evolution: Unstable nitrite accumulation and enhanced anammox activity in mixotrophic partial denitrification/anammox system.

The mixotrophic partial denitrification/anammox (MPDA) was a highly efficient nitrogen removal system, but its total nitrogen removal efficiency decreased from 95 % to 83 % due to nitrite supply destabilization under the pressure of disinfectants. The decrease in sulfur autotrophic denitrification activity and increase in heterotrophic denitrification activity were responsible for the partial denitrification (PD) disruption. Consistently, there was an increase in the abundance of Thauera, a decrease in Thiobacillus and Thiothrix.

Vitamin D, Gut Microbiota, and Cancer Immunotherapy-A Potentially Effective Crosstalk.

Recent breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy have shown remarkable success, yet treatment efficacy varies significantly among individuals. Emerging evidence highlights the gut microbiota as a key modulator of immunotherapy response, while vitamin D (VD), an immunomodulatory hormone, has garnered increasing attention for its potential interactions with gut microbiota and immunotherapy outcomes. However, the precise mechanisms and clinical applications of VD in this context remain controversial.

Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes after modified natural cycle-frozen embryo transfers according to size of the dominant follicle on the hCG trigger day.

Study Question: Is there an association between the dominant follicle size on the day of the hCG ovulation trigger and reproductive, obstetric, and perinatal outcomes in modified natural cycle-frozen embryo transfer (NC-FET) cycles in which intensive luteal phase support (LPS) was utilized?

Summary Answer: The dominant follicle size on the day of triggering, ranging from above 10 to 18 mm or larger, was not associated with negative live birth or perinatal outcomes in modified NC-FETs when an intensive LPS was provided.

What Is Known Already: There is growing evidence concerning the optimal timing for triggering final oocyte maturation during IVF ovarian stimulation cycles to obtain mature oocytes. However, a consensus on the ideal follicle size for administering hCG in modified NC-FETs has yet to be established.

A robust strategy for thermoformable cellulosic composite bioplastics hydrogen bond substitution.

Cellulose represents a promising renewable resource for the development of sustainable alternatives to petroleum-derived plastics, owing to its exceptional biodegradability and renewability. However, the extensive hydrogen-bonding network and ordered crystalline structure of cellulose limit its solubility and thermo-processability, posing significant challenges for large-scale production of recyclable high-performance bioplastics. In this study, we propose a robust strategy for cellulosic composite bioplastic by controlling the disruption and reformation of hydrogen bonds in ethyl cellulose (EC) nanocomposites incorporating rheologically tunable graphene (Rt-G), which can dynamically dissociate hydrogen bonds within the EC matrix.

Leveraging an Image-Enhanced Cross-Modal Fusion Network for Radiology Report Generation.

Radiology report generation (RRG) tasks leverage computer-aided technology to automatically produce descriptive text reports for medical images, aiming to ease radiologists' workload, reduce misdiagnosis rates, and lessen the pressure on medical resources. However, previous works have yet to focus on enhancing feature extraction of low-quality images, incorporating cross-modal interaction information, and mitigating latency in report generation. We propose an Image-Enhanced Cross-Modal Fusion Network (IFNet) for automatic RRG to tackle these challenges.

Patient and nodule characteristics associated with adherence to lung cancer screening in a large integrated healthcare system.

We examined the association of pulmonary nodule characteristics with adherence to follow-up low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) after the initial screening in lung cancer screening. Using 2014-2021 electronic health record data from a large integrated health system, we analyzed adherence to Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) follow-up recommendations, considering socio-demographic, clinical factors, and natural language processing-extracted nodule characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the impact of these factors on adherence to follow-up LDCT.

Algorithmic Fairness in Machine Learning Prediction of Autism Using Electronic Health Records.

Efforts to improve early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children are beginning to use machine learning (ML) approaches applied to real-world clinical datasets, such as electronic health records (EHRs). However, sex-based disparities in ASD diagnosis highlight the need for fair prediction models that ensure equitable performance across demographic groups for ASD identification. This retrospective case-control study aimed to develop ML-based prediction models for ASD diagnosis using risk factors found in EHRs and assess their algorithmic fairness.

Unraveling Phase Transition Dynamics in Carbon-Modulated Synthesis of LMFP Cathodes from Hydrated Phosphate Precursors.

Conventional LiFePO cathodes face limitations due to their low operating voltage (3.4 V) and discharge capacity. Partial Mn substitution in LiMnFePO (LMFP) elevates the discharge potential to 4.