Association between mixed fatty acid emulsion and parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis in extremely low-birth-weight infants: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Soybean oil lipid emulsions have been implicated in the development of parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC) in premature infants. A recent mixed fatty acid emulsion containing soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), olive oil, and fish oil may reduce the incidence of PNAC, but evidence remains conflicting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mixed fatty acid emulsion on PNAC in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants.

Association of genetic variants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease susceptibility in Southern Chinese Han populations.

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a leading cause of disability and mortality among elderly populations. Studies indicate that plays a critical regulatory role in the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders. However, the genetic variations in to COPD susceptibility remain incompletely understood.

Distinct Neural Information Shared in Spastic Muscle through Decoding Motoneuron Activity.

Objective: We aimed to assess whether spinal motoneurons received and sent the same neural information during involuntary and voluntary activation following stroke.

Methods: High-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) signals of biceps brachii muscle were recorded, while 14 stroke survivors and 10 age-matched controls performed passive stretch and active contraction. Populational motor unit (MU) activity was extracted from HD-sEMG recordings with decomposition algorithms.

Dirac Fermion and Phonon Coupling Toward Giant Nernst Thermoelectric Performance in Topological Semimetal TaSb.

Electron and hole compensation and ultrahigh mobility of topological semimetals are becoming a guiding principle for designing thermoelectric materials with large Nernst effect, following which several topological semimetals are discovered. Here, beyond the desirable band features, the essential role of Dirac Fermion and phonon coupling is further highlighted for the exceptional Nernst effect. By investigating the topological semimetal of TaSb single-crystalline, a high Nernst thermopower of 1200 µV K and a giant Nernst power factor (PF) of 8300 µW cm K are observed, which are record values in the topological XPn (X = Ta, Nb; Pn = As, Sb) family.

The integration of machine learning into traditional Chinese medicine.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient medical system distinctive and effective in treating cancer, depression, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and other diseases. However, the relatively abstract diagnostic methods of TCM lack objective measurement, and the complex mechanisms of action are difficult to comprehend, which hinders the application and internationalization of TCM. Recently, while breakthroughs have been made in utilizing methods such as network pharmacology and virtual screening for TCM research, the rise of machine learning (ML) has significantly enhanced their integration with TCM.

Disinfectant-driven selective gene expression and metabolic evolution: Unstable nitrite accumulation and enhanced anammox activity in mixotrophic partial denitrification/anammox system.

The mixotrophic partial denitrification/anammox (MPDA) was a highly efficient nitrogen removal system, but its total nitrogen removal efficiency decreased from 95 % to 83 % due to nitrite supply destabilization under the pressure of disinfectants. The decrease in sulfur autotrophic denitrification activity and increase in heterotrophic denitrification activity were responsible for the partial denitrification (PD) disruption. Consistently, there was an increase in the abundance of Thauera, a decrease in Thiobacillus and Thiothrix.

Regional estimation of cadmium input to soil via hydrological pathways: Coupling process models and machine learning.

Existing models for predicting heavy metal input fluxes to soil by hydrological pathways often suffer from limitations in spatiotemporal resolution and the event input flux from flooding, particularly in capturing complex hydrological dynamics and accurately linking pollutant sources to sinks. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel integrative model that combines emission inventories, hydrological transport mechanisms, and machine learning (ML) correction to quantify cadmium (Cd) input fluxes through irrigation and flood pathways at a regional scale. The model integrates: (1) an enhanced SWAT model coupled with advection-diffusion equations for high-resolution Cd transport simulation in river networks, (2) MIKE FLOOD for estimating Cd input during flood events, and (3) an XGBoost-based ML correction module to align simulated fluxes with empirical soil Cd accumulation data.

Systemic reprogramming of tumour immunity via IL-10-mRNA nanoparticles.

Daily subcutaneous injections of recombinant interleukin-10 (IL-10) demonstrated encouraging but preliminary efficacy in certain tumour types during early phase clinical trials. However, these antitumour effects were not consistently replicated in larger trials, probably due to insufficient intratumoural recombinant IL-10 accumulation, which ultimately restricted clinical benefit. Here we show that intravenous injections of IL-10 messenger RNA (mRNA) nanoparticles (IL-10-mRNA@NPs) induce potent immune surveillance across diverse preclinical tumour models and mitigate systemic toxicities.

Real-Time Tracking of ASCT2-Mediated Glutamine Uptake in Living Tumors With a Bioorthogonal Bioluminescent Probe.

Glutamine addiction, as a hallmark of tumor metabolism, drives malignant progression via proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2), the primary glutamine transporter, is overexpressed in tumors to meet metabolic demands, making it a promising therapeutic target. Accurately monitoring ASCT2-mediated glutamine uptake is essential for investigating tumor metabolism and developing ASCT2-targeted therapeutics.

Ciliated cell-derived IL-17D restrains allergic asthma through controlling monocyte recruitment.

The airway epithelium plays a crucial role in maintaining lung homeostasis, and its dysregulation is often linked to various lung diseases, including asthma. Ciliated cells, abundantly present in the mammalian airway epithelium, have a critical function in clearing inhaled particles and pathogens. We show here that ciliated cells constitutively express IL-17D, which functions as an immune brake in limiting allergic inflammation in murine models of asthma.

Global trends, hotspots and future prospects of ecological resilience of coastal wetlands: A bibliometric analysis.

Coastal wetlands are sensitive to global change while they exhibit strong resilience to disturbances. This study aims to explore the developmental trajectory and future research trends of ecological resilience in coastal wetlands. A total of 3160 publications from 1980 to 2024 were selected from the Web of Science Core Collection and bibliometrically analyzed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer.

Oxymatrine attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via APE1‑mediated regulation of the PINK1/Parkin pathway.

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by impaired gas exchange and respiratory difficulties, which can ultimately lead to respiratory failure and mortality. The present study explored the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of oxymatrine (OMT) in an 8‑week‑old C57BL/6 mouse model of bleomycin‑induced PF. The results demonstrated that OMT alleviated lung tissue damage, inflammation and collagen deposition, while promoting autophagy and restoring mitochondrial function.

Association Between Dietary Habits and the Risk of Temporomandibular Disorders: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation Study.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are complex conditions influenced by multiple factors, including dietary habits. This study aimed to explore the potential causal relationships between dietary patterns and TMD risk using bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR).

Methods: A bidirectional two-sample MR analysis was performed to assess the causal effects of 83 dietary habits on TMD risk, and vice versa.

Upregulation of ARHGAP18 by miR-613 Inhibits Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Apoptosis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Bronchial Epithelial Cells.

Objective: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a major chronic respiratory disease affecting human health worldwide. However, there is still a lack of effective drugs for treating COPD. This study is intended to explore the function and molecular mechanism of and miR-613 in COPD pathogenesis.

Yield of Exome Sequencing for Mendelian Disorders Screening in Asymptomatic Fetuses Undergoing Prenatal Diagnosis: A Retrospective Analysis of 1766 Cases.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the yield of exome sequencing (ES) as a routine screening test for Mendelian disorders in asymptomatic fetuses undergoing prenatal diagnosis, with a focus on identifying gene variants associated with moderate to severe diseases.

Methods: A total of 2593 fetuses underwent prenatal ES (pES) testing at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University between 2021 and 2022. Out of these, we excluded 827 pES datasets from fetuses with abnormal ultrasound findings, as well as those with a confirmed/suspected family history of Mendelian disorders.

Regenerative Hair Pigmentation via Skin Organoids: Adaptive Patterning Mediated by Collagen VI and Semaphorin 3C.

The color patterns of mammalian fur are determined by melanocytes' ability to respond to and adapt to microenvironmental cues. However, these patterns can be lost following injury or under pathological conditions, and the underlying biological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, reconstituted hair-bearing skin is generated using skin organoids derived from dissociated epidermal cells, dermal cells, and melanocyte progenitors.

Self-Evolving Discovery of Carrier Biomaterials with Ultra-Low Nonspecific Protein Adsorption for Single Cell Analysis.

Carrier biomaterials used in single-cell analysis face a bottleneck in protein detection sensitivity, primarily attributed to elevated false positives caused by nonspecific protein adsorption. Toward carrier biomaterials with ultra-low nonspecific protein adsorption, a self-evolving discovery is developed to address the challenge of high-dimensional parameter spaces. Automation across nine self-developed or modified workstations is integrated to achieve a "can-do" capability, and develop a synergy-enhanced Bayesian optimization algorithm as the artificial intelligence brain to enable a "can-think" capability for small-data problems inherent to time-consuming biological experiments, thereby establishing a self-evolving discovery for carrier biomaterials.

Teaching innovation in a pharmacy course: integration of "Questioning-Training of Comprehensive Knowledge Application" and a "Teacher-AI-Student Interaction Model".

Background: In the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, questioning has become an increasingly active and critical component of effective collaboration with AI. Also, the ability to apply knowledge from various disciplines to analyze and address problems is essential for enhanced learning. Despite its importance, studies on training students in questioning and knowledge integration within course teaching are lacking.

Optical imaging of flavor order in flat band graphene.

Spin- and valley flavor polarization plays a central role in the many-body physics of flat band graphene, with Fermi surface reconstruction - often accompanied by quantized anomalous Hall and superconducting state - observed in a variety of experimental systems. Here we describe an optical technique that sensitively and selectively detects flavor textures via the exciton response of a proximal transition metal dichalcogenide layer. Through a systematic study of rhombohedral and rotationally faulted graphene bilayers and trilayers, we show that when the semiconducting dichalcogenide is in direct contact with the graphene, the exciton response is most sensitive to the large momentum rearrangement of the Fermi surface, providing information that is distinct from and complementary to electrical compressibility measurements.

Preoperative Indicators for 1-year Mortality in Elderly Individuals Following Hip Fracture Surgery Under A Multidisciplinary Team Co-Management Model: A Single-Centre Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Elderly patients have an impaired functional state and multiple comorbidities, resulting in poor postoperative rehabilitation ability and high rates of disability and mortality. However, little evidence exists on mortality predictors for geriatric hip fractures within the context of the multidisciplinary team co-management model. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and explore preoperative indicators of 1-year mortality following hip fractures in the elderly under this model.

Spatiotemporal Adaptations-Driven Dynamic Thra Activation Simulates a Skin Wound Healing Response.

The evolutionary adaptation of skin repair drives sequential regenerative phases: epidermal proliferation rapidly restores barrier function, followed by dermal reconstruction through extracellular matrix remodeling to establish structural support, yet the molecular coordination of this spatiotemporal program remains unclear. While the endocrine system is crucial in modulating wound repair, the critical hormone receptors orchestrating tissue-layer-specific responses are unidentified. Here, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, and in vivo/in vitro analyses in mouse models of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, as well as wound and skin organoid models, are employed to identify the thyroid hormone receptor Thra as a key regulator of phase-coupled regeneration through two distinct yet coordinated mechanisms.

GZR101, a Novel Premixed Insulin for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.

Inadequate glycemic control in patients with current premixed insulin regimens is often due to the short half-life and pronounced peak-to-trough ratio of basal insulin. This study evaluated insulin GZR33 (GZR33), an ultra-long basal insulin, and insulin GZR101 (GZR101), which is a premix of GZR33 and postprandial insulin aspart. The binding affinity of GZR33 to the human insulin receptor (hIR) was analyzed using surface plasmon resonance.

Modular Access to P(V)-Stereogenic Compounds via Cu-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of (Thio)Phosphonic Dichlorides.

Chiral phosphorus(V) centers-particularly those bearing fully heteroatom-substituted frameworks-are key stereochemical motifs in pharmaceuticals, nucleic acid therapeutics, and functional materials. However, their stereoselective construction remains a long-standing challenge in synthetic chemistry. Here, we report a copper-catalyzed desymmetrization strategy enabled by rationally engineered PIM ligands that affords broad and modular access to structurally diverse P(V)-stereogenic compounds.