Neuropeptide-mediated synaptic plasticity regulates context-dependent mating behaviors in Drosophila.

Neuropeptides play crucial roles in regulating context-dependent behaviors, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We investigate the role of the neuropeptide SIFa and its receptor SIFaR in regulating two distinct mating duration behaviors in male Drosophila: Longer-Mating-Duration (LMD) and Shorter-Mating-Duration (SMD). We found that SIFaR expression in specific neurons is required for both LMD and SMD behaviors.

SIFa peptidergic neurons orchestrate the internal states and energy balance of male Drosophila melanogaster.

Neuropeptide SIFamide (SIFa) neurons in Drosophila melanogaster have been characterized by their exceptionally elaborate arborization patterns, which extend from the brain into the ventral nerve cord (VNC). SIFa neurons are equipped to receive signals that integrate both internal physiological cues and external environmental stimuli. These signals enable the neurons to regulate energy balance, sleep patterns, metabolic status, and circadian timing.

Regulating the Donor and Acceptor Interaction Mode in Metal-Organic Frameworks for HO Photosynthesis.

Development of novel photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (HO) production from water and oxygen is gathering great attention, but still suffers from inefficient photogenerated charge mobility. Reticular chemistry in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provides a promising platform to enhance the charge-transfer kinetics by assembling a donor-acceptor (D-A) system. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of D-A type MOFs (UiO-67-NB, UiO-67-PE/BB, and UiO-67-PE/NB) via regulating the interaction mode of donor and acceptor.

Regional estimation of cadmium input to soil via hydrological pathways: Coupling process models and machine learning.

Existing models for predicting heavy metal input fluxes to soil by hydrological pathways often suffer from limitations in spatiotemporal resolution and the event input flux from flooding, particularly in capturing complex hydrological dynamics and accurately linking pollutant sources to sinks. To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel integrative model that combines emission inventories, hydrological transport mechanisms, and machine learning (ML) correction to quantify cadmium (Cd) input fluxes through irrigation and flood pathways at a regional scale. The model integrates: (1) an enhanced SWAT model coupled with advection-diffusion equations for high-resolution Cd transport simulation in river networks, (2) MIKE FLOOD for estimating Cd input during flood events, and (3) an XGBoost-based ML correction module to align simulated fluxes with empirical soil Cd accumulation data.

Spatiotemporal patterns of methane fluxes across alpine permafrost region on the Tibetan Plateau.

Methane (CH) emissions from thawing permafrost could amplify climate warming. However, long-term trajectory of net CH balance in permafrost regions, particularly high-altitude permafrost regions, remains unknown. Based on literature synthesis and CLM5.

Screening and identification of AChE inhibitors from walnut kernel by a combination of bio-affinity ultrafiltration, AChE-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and UPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap MS.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is widely concerned as a hotspot target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to screen AChE inhibitors from walnut kernel (WK) through the techniques combined of bio-affinity ultrafiltration, AChE-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS. The results showed that WK extract improved acetylcholine level and reduced AChE level in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice with kidney yang deficiency.

Hydraulic and thermal performance trigger the deterministic assembly of water microbiomes: From biogeographical homogenization to machine learning model.

Water quality at the point of consumption has long been a health issue because of the potential for microbial ecology. However, research on water hydraulic performance remains in its infancy, and in particular, little is known about the effects of thermal performance during winter. This study explored the effects of stagnation and municipal heating on microbial communities in tap water, focusing on spatial and temporal variations in microbial community composition.

T1 Mapping-Derived Parameters in Breast Lesions: Diagnostic Accuracy and Correlation with Pathologic Features.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of T1 mapping-derived parameters for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tumors and their associations with pathologic prognostic indicators in invasive breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Patients who underwent breast surgery and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T1 mapping, between August 2023 and March 2024 were prospectively included. T1 parameters, including lesion T1 values before and after contrast agent injection (T10, T1c), reduction in T1 value (ΔT1), ratio of reduction (ΔT1%), extracellular volume fractions (ECVs), and ADC values were compared between benign and malignant breast lesions.

Functional MRI and Tumor Vasculature Correlation in Ewing Sarcoma Xenografts: A Prospective Study Based on MRI-Pathology Co-Alignment.

Background: Limited studies have evaluated vascular markers of Ewing sarcoma (ES) using MRI.

Purpose: To explore the correlation between tumor vascular markers and MRI perfusion parameters in ES xenografts based on MRI-pathology co-alignment.

Study Type: Prospective.

Molecular basis of Ad5-nCoV vaccine-induced immunogenicity.

Ad5-nCoV (Convidecia) is listed for emergency use against COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) and has been globally administered to millions of people. It utilizes human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) replication-incompetent vector to deliver the spike (S) protein gene from various SARS-CoV-2 strains. Despite promising clinical data, the molecular mechanism underlying its high immunogenicity and adverse reactions remain incompletely understood.

Analysis of asymmetry in macular structure and function associated with ocular dominance.

Purpose: Research on the correlation between ocular dominance and macular structure and function is inconsistent. This clinical observational study explored the effect of ocular dominance on retinal structure and the correlation between binocular structural asymmetry and ocular dominance.

Methods: Forty healthy young adults (aged 20-29 years) were enrolled.

Unlocking the Potential of Machine Learning in Co-crystal Prediction by a Novel Approach Integrating Molecular Thermodynamics.

Co-crystal engineering is of interest for many applications in pharmaceutical, chemical, and materials fields, but rational design of co-crystals is still challenging. Although artificial intelligence has revolutionized decision-making processes in material design, limitations in generalization and mechanistic understanding remain. Herein, we sought to improve prediction of co-crystals by combining mechanistic thermodynamic modeling with machine learning.

Evaluating dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for differentiating HER2-zero, HER2-low, and HER2-positive breast cancers in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Objectives: To quantitatively assess the differences in parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in HER2-zero, HER2-low, or HER2-positive tumors, and to build optimal model for early prediction of HER2-low breast cancer (BC).

Materials And Methods: Clinical and DCE-MRI data from 220 BC patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) were retrospectively analyzed. Quantitative and semi-quantitative DCE-MRI parameters were compared in the HER2-zero, HER2-low, or HER2-positive groups before and after early NACT.

Comparison of Myopic Progression and Quality of Life Wearing Either DIMs Lenses or Single-Vision Myopia Correcting Spectacles.

To assess the efficacy of the Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lens for myopia control and its impact on vision-related quality of life in Chinese children over a 1-year period. This randomized double-blind prospective controlled clinical trial enrolled 176 myopic subjects aged between seven and 14 years who were randomly assigned into the DIMS group or the control single-vision (SV) group. Refractive error and axial length measurements at baseline, three-, six-, nine-, and 12-month follow-up visits were monitored.

Light-Inducible Deformation of Mitochondria in Live Cells.

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with constantly changing morphologies. Despite recent reports indicating that mechanical cues modulate mitochondrial morphologies and functions, there is a lack of methods that can exclusively and precisely exert mechanical forces to and deform mitochondria in live cells. Therefore, how mitochondria sense and respond to mechanical forces remains largely elusive.

Tumor-Targeted Metal-Organic Framework for Improved Photodynamic Therapy and Inhibited Tumor Metastasis in Melanoma.

Tumor hypoxia and elevated intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels significantly compromise the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in treating melanoma. In this study, we synthesized positively charged nanoparticles through a self-assembly method, incorporating photosensitizer verteporfin (VER), mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor atovaquone (ATO), and Fe. Subsequently, the nanoparticles were modified with sodium hyaluronate (HA) to obtain HA-ATO-Fe-VER nanoparticles (HAFV NPs).

Integrative modeling of POPs output flux from soil at a regional scale: A comprehensive approach.

Plot-scale natural attenuation models provide valuable insights into localized pollutant behavior but struggle to account for regional-scale hydrological processes. Existing research has predominantly concentrated on single processes, lacking comprehensive models to describe the output flux of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by transport and transformation from soil at a regional scale. To address this gap, a model was developed by combining natural attenuation processes (e.

Reactive astrocytes mediate postoperative surgery-induced anxiety through modulation of GABAergic signalling in the zona incerta of mice.

Background: Surgery can induce severe neuroinflammation and negative emotional symptoms, such as anxiety-like behaviour. We studied whether reactive astrocytes in the zona incerta (ZI) mediate surgery-induced anxiety in mice.

Methods: Laparotomy under isoflurane 1.

The potential of supramolecular synthon to develop coamorphous systems with tailored physical stability: Mechanistic insights integrating kinetics and thermodynamics.

Coamorphous drug delivery systems have received increasing interest owing to their potential to improve the solubility, dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, the crystallization risk is one of major limitations in their application. It has been widely recognized that the coformer plays a vital role in physical stability of coamorphous formulation.

Development of FK506-loaded maleimide-functionalized cationic niosomes for prolonged retention and therapeutic efficacy in dry eye disease.

Tacrolimus (FK506) is widely used in ocular diseases such as corneal transplantation-host disease, uveitis, conjunctivitis, and dry eye disease (DED). However, its low aqueous solubility and poor ocular retention pose challenges for its application in the eye diseases. This study developed a novel FK506-loaded maleimide-functionalized cationic niosomes (FK506 M-CNS), aiming to prolong the retention time of FK506 in the eye and enhance its therapeutic efficacy.

Establishing the Foundations of Emotional Intelligence in Care Companion Robots to Mitigate Agitation Among High-Risk Patients With Dementia: Protocol for an Empathetic Patient-Robot Interaction Study.

Background: An estimated 6.7 million persons are living with dementia in the United States, a number expected to double by 2060. Persons experiencing moderate to severe dementia are 4 to 5 times more likely to fall than those without dementia, due to agitation and unsteady gait.

Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on FeO/Au for Alcohol Concentration Detection.

Hematite (α-FeO) is widely used in sensor sensitization due to its excellent optical properties. In this study, we present a sensitivity-enhanced surface plasmon resonance alcohol sensor based on FeO/Au. We describe the fabrication process of the sensor and characterize its structure.