Gastrodin ameliorates ulcerative colitis via modulating gut microbial tryptophan metabolism and AhR/NLRP3 pathway.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disorder, presents persistent therapeutic challenges in clinical management. Gastrodin (GAS) is an active compound isolated from traditional Chinese medicine Gastrodia elata (Tianma), exhibits robust anti-inflammatory bioactivity. However, the role of GAS in UC has not been thoroughly studied.

The compound risk of decabromodiphenyl ethane and cadmium to soil nutrient cycling in agroecosystems: Linking the enzyme, microbial community, gene networks to plant stress.

Soil serves as the habitat for numerous organisms and is increasingly threatened from co-pollution of novel brominated flame retardant (NBFRs) and heavy metals (HMs). Focusing on Deca-bromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and cadmium (Cd) as the targets, we constructed a soil-lettuce-earthworm microcosm to explore co-pollution effects in rhizosphere soils. Results showed that DBDPE increased bioavailable Cd fraction to amplified its ecological risks.

Reduced TIGITCD56NK cells associate with disease progression and impaired immune regulation in primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the expression and clinical significance of TIGITCD56NK cells within the peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) in this study, as well as to examine the role of TIGIT in modulating NK cell function in individuals with pSS.

Methods: The percentage of TIGITCD56NK cells was detected in the peripheral blood of 76 individuals with pSS and 63 healthy controls (HCs) using flow cytometry. The percentage of TIGITCD56NK cells across various clinical features, laboratory parameters, and between active and inactive patients was analyzed.

Mechanisms of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex Volatile Oil in Alleviating 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Mucositis via Multi-Omics Approaches.

Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced mucositis (CIM) causes severe gastrointestinal symptoms in cancer patients. Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, a traditional medicine, has demonstrated therapeutic promise in mitigating intestinal mucositis and gastrointestinal disorders, with advantages including marked efficacy and low adverse effect profiles compared to conventional pharmacotherapies. However, the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of the volatile oil of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (MagO) against CIM remain elusive.

Menin regulates YBX1 nucleus translocation to boost the HKDC1 transcription and affects pancreatic cancer glycolysis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a bleak prognosis, often driven by aberrant metabolic reprogramming, particularly glycolysis. This study investigated Menin's role in PDAC metabolism. We found that Menin overexpression significantly suppressed glycolytic markers and activity in PDAC cell lines, a suppression that was reversed by HKDC1 knockdown.

Metabolomic signatures of hypocaloric dietary interventions associate with breast cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study II.

Background: An individual's metabolic state plays a critical role in breast cancer (BC) risk, influenced by factors such as obesity and insulin signaling. Hypocaloric diets induce metabolic changes that influence these metabolic factors, thereby potentially influencing BC risk. However, it remains unclear whether metabolic profiles like those induced by such beneficial diets are associated with BC risk.

Robotic retrohepatic inferior vena cava thrombectomy using the caudate lobectomy technique: indications and initial outcomes.

Background: Liver mobilization is essential for exposing the retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) during level II-III robot-assisted IVC thrombectomy (RA-IVCT), but complex cases present significant challenges with a high risk of severe complications. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of caudate lobectomy in facilitating retrohepatic IVC exposure in these complex cases.

Methods: Sixteen patients with complex level II-III IVC tumor thrombus (IVC-TT) underwent RA-IVCT with caudate lobectomy in our institution from January 2021 to November 2023.

MicroRNAs for Diabetes Management: From Natural Bioactive Compounds to Nucleotide Networks.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications via orchestrating key cellular processes. Natural bioactive components such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, as well as anthraquinones derived from berries, herbs, vegetables, and fishes have been extensively demonstrated to treat or prevent DM and related complications through targeting miRNAs-mediated signaling pathways. Mechanistically, these compounds treat/prevent DM and its complications principally by modulating processes including glucose homeostasis, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy, neovascularization, and fibrosis.

Ion-Mediated Self-Healing Strategy Enabling Efficient and Stable ETL-Free Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells without electron transport layers (ETL-free PSCs) have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their simplified fabrication process and low production costs. However, non-radiative recombination of charge carriers and band energy mismatch at the interface significantly limit device performance. Here, we propose an ion-mediated self-healing strategy introducing an indium sulfate (ln(SO)) functional layer at the buried interface of the perovskite.

In vitro assessment of dermal penetration and skin barrier impairment by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from consumer products.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of synthetic organic compounds that are extensively utilized in consumer products, including cosmetics, personal care products, and textiles. PFASs pose significant risks to both ecological systems and human health, leading to calls for their comprehensive restriction. Skin exposure constitutes one of the pathways through which PFASs enter the human body.

Mechanisms of sorafenib-induced cardiotoxicity: ER stress induces upregulation of ATF3, leading to downregulation of NDUFS1 expression and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Background: Sorafenib, a widely used tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has been associated with cardiotoxic effects; however, the precise molecular basis of this toxicity remains incompletely characterized. This study examined sorafenib's impact on cardiac cells, focusing on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, specifically the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway and its downstream network.

Methods: To elucidate these mechanisms, we employed a comprehensive approach integrating rat models, H9C2 cell-based assays, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling, along with biochemical validation techniques.

Recombinant live attenuated measles virus-based vaccines inducing comprehensive protection against Ebola and Marburg viruses.

Filoviruses, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, present significant global health challenges due to their high mortality rates. Despite the availability of several Ebola virus vaccines, none provide cross-protection against multiple filovirus species. In this study, we developed recombinant live attenuated measles virus-based vaccine candidates designed to express Ebola or Marburg virus glycoproteins and generate virus-like particles for pan-filovirus immunization.

AI-enhanced multimodal spectroscopy for monitoring volatile organic compounds in pharmaceutical wastewater.

Pharmaceutical wastewater commonly contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as methanol, isopropanol, and acetone, which pose serious threats to wastewater treatment efficiency, ecological systems, and human health. Therefore, the rapid and robust quantitative monitoring of VOCs in wastewater has become an urgent necessity to ensure treatment effectiveness and environmental safety. However, traditional detection methods suffer from issues such as complex operations and delayed responses, failing to meet the monitoring requirements of industrial sites.

Interlimb asymmetries of lower limb isometric strength for predicting plantar fasciitis in male amateur marathon runners: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is the third most common type of running-related injuries. However, there are few studies on the association between interlimb asymmetry of lower limb isometric strength and PF among marathon runners. The present study aims to investigate whether the interlimb asymmetry of lower limb isometric strength could predict PF in male amateur marathon runners.

Exploring Phage Peptide Scaffolds: Tyrosinase-Mediated Cyclization for Selective Generation of Bioactive Cyclic Peptides.

Phage display is an ideal platform for selecting peptide hits and offers a diverse array of cyclic binders with high affinity. While many recently developed phage display platforms incorporate chemical strategies, the vast majority of these are detrimental to the phage life cycle due to cross-reactivity with the capsid protein. In contrast, enzyme catalysis, which combines high efficiency and biocompatibility, offers a promising approach for phage-based cyclic peptide display.

Interplay of genetic predisposition, plasma metabolome and Mediterranean diet in dementia risk and cognitive function.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementias (AD/ADRD) have a substantial genetic basis, with APOE4 homozygotes increasingly recognized as a distinct genetic subtype. To identify genotype-specific metabolic pathways and modifiable risk factors, we integrated genetic, plasma metabolomic and dietary data from 4,215 women and 1,490 men in prospective cohorts. Here we show that the associations of 57 metabolites with dementia risk varied by APOE4 genotype or other AD/ADRD risk variants.

A model based on preoperative nutrition-inflammation score for predicting mucocutaneous separation after enterostomy in colorectal cancer patients.

Mucocutaneous separation (MCS) is a common early complication after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. The aim of the present study is to investigate the predictive value of preoperative nutrition-inflammation markers for MCS and establish a novel predictive model. The internal cohort composed of CRC patients admitted to Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Naval Medical University was randomly divided into a training cohort and an internal validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3, while patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University and 72nd Group Army Hospital formed an external cohort.

Pharmacological actions and applications of safflower flavonoids.

Safflower ( L.), also known as Honghua, blueflower, or prickly safflower, is a medicinal herb effective in promoting blood circulation, dredging meridians, eliminating blood stasis, and relieving pain. Safflower contains complex chemical components, including flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids, pigments, etc.

Selective Detection of Carbon-Centered Radicals in Water via a Fluorescent Probe and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Carbon-centered radicals (CCRs) are key intermediates in the transformation of organic contaminants in aquatic environments. This study developed a robust workflow using a fluorescent probe coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) to identify CCRs in aquatic environments. Nine fluorescent probes were systematically evaluated, with 3-ap/BDP selected as the optimal probe due to its superior performance in detecting a wide range of model CCRs.

Hox-C12 coordinates β-adrenoceptor coupling to a cAMP/calcium feedforward loop to drive invasion in triple-negative breast cancer.

Noradrenaline released from sympathetic neurons accelerates cancer metastasis by activating β-adrenergic receptors (β-adrenoceptors) on tumor cells to promote invasion. We previously showed that the β-adrenoceptor promotes invasive behavior in a metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line by activating a cAMP- and calcium-mediated feedforward loop. Here, we found this mechanism in most TNBC lines that have an active β-adrenoceptor.

An Ultra-Sensitive Quarantine Pathogen On-Site Detection Based on a One-Pot Asymmetric Recombinase Polymerase Amplification and MNAzyme-Assisted Target Recycling Biosensor (OAR-MNA).

The dissemination of quarantine pathogens poses a significant risk to global crop production, threatening crop health and disrupting agroecosystems. Timely and accurate on-site detection is crucial to prevent outbreaks. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and multicomponent DNAzyme (MNAzyme) are promising isothermal detection technologies; however, their integration has been hindered by the requirement of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) for MNAzyme activation, as RPA generates double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).

Activating Stable Multielectron Transfer via High-Frequency Na Jumping for a Sc-doped NaVMnSc(PO).

The NaVMn(PO) (NVMP) cathode is considered one of the most promising candidates for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), but it suffers from a low capacity due to the limited kinetics of V/V and Mn/Mn in the electrochemical reaction. A higher capacity can be achieved by activating a redox pair with high valence states like V/V. However, activation of those redox pairs in conventional NVMP cathode requires a redox potential beyond 4.

DreamCraft3D++: Efficient Hierarchical 3D Generation with Multi-Plane Reconstruction Model.

We introduce DreamCraft3D++, an extension of DreamCraft3D that enables efficient high-quality generation of complex 3D assets. DreamCraft3D++ inherits the multi-stage generation process of DreamCraft3D, but replaces the time-consuming geometry sculpting optimization with a feed-forward multi-plane based reconstruction model, speeding up the process by 1000x. For texture refinement, we propose a training-free IP-Adapter module that is conditioned on the enhanced multi-view images to enhance texture and geometry consistency, providing a 4x faster alternative to DreamCraft3D's DreamBooth fine-tuning.

Molecular analysis of three DNA mismatch repair protein variants in Chinese families with suspected Lynch syndrome.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine pathogenic variations in three families clinically diagnosed with suspected Lynch syndrome (LS).

Methods: Three probands clinically diagnosed suspected LS were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed to screen pathogenic variations.