Food traceability analysis and quality marker monitoring in Ophiocordyceps sinensis with multimodal ensemble learning.

Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS) faces serious risks of food fraud, including quality misrepresentation, adulteration and illegal additives. To preserve the economic interests of consumers and the transparent management of food trade, so this study proposed a rapid and non-destructive detection tool to identify traceability of the growth environment and predict quality markers of OS. Colors, textures and spectra were utilized to build unimodal models, respectively.

AI-enhanced multimodal spectroscopy for monitoring volatile organic compounds in pharmaceutical wastewater.

Pharmaceutical wastewater commonly contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as methanol, isopropanol, and acetone, which pose serious threats to wastewater treatment efficiency, ecological systems, and human health. Therefore, the rapid and robust quantitative monitoring of VOCs in wastewater has become an urgent necessity to ensure treatment effectiveness and environmental safety. However, traditional detection methods suffer from issues such as complex operations and delayed responses, failing to meet the monitoring requirements of industrial sites.

A Real-Time Cell Image Segmentation Method Based on Multi-Scale Feature Fusion.

Cell confluence and number are critical indicators for assessing cellular growth status, contributing to disease diagnosis and the development of targeted therapies. Accurate and efficient cell segmentation is essential for quantifying these indicators. However, current segmentation methodologies still encounter significant challenges in addressing multi-scale heterogeneity, poorly delineated boundaries under limited annotation, and the inherent trade-off between computational efficiency and segmentation accuracy.

Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals bioluminescence-related genes in firely Pyrocoelia pectoralis.

Bioluminescence in fireflies is dependent on luciferin metabolism in luminous organs. Our study applied RNA-seq to compare the transcriptome profiles between the luminous and non-luminous tissues from the larvae of the firely Pyrocoelia pectoralis. Genes that were differentially expressed between the two tissue samples were screened to identify candidate genes involved in luciferin metabolism.

Discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 2 modulates angiogenesis by inhibiting VEGF receptor 2 endocytosis in endothelial cells.

The internalization of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) occurs in response to VEGF treatment, and it is eventually transported to the plasma membrane by several endosomes such as Rab5 and Rab11, which are responsible for transporting vesicles from the cytoplasm to plasma membrane. Therefore, the homeostasis of VEGFR-2 internalization and recycling is critical for maintaining the normality of the VEGF signaling pathway and regulates angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing 2 (DCBLD2) can promote the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) by promoting the VEGF signaling pathway, but the potential role of DCBLD2 on VEGFR-2 endocytosis remains unclear.

Direct Production of Cyclohexanones from Lignin via Chlorine-Mediated Catalytic Hydroprocessing.

Cyclohexanones, as critical biopolymer precursors, could be produced from lignin yet rarely reported due to the formidable challenge of simultaneously removing oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., methoxy, hydroxyl) and achieving selective C═O bond retention during catalytic hydrogenation.

Schiff base formed functional hydrogel dressing via-poly-L-lysine modified chitosan and oxidized dextran with the incorporation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

Hydrogel-based functional dressings for wound healing have garnered increasing attention due to their excellent hydrophilicity, adjustable mechanical properties, and superior biocompatibility. In this study, a composite hydrogel was facilely fabricated through the Schiff base reaction between-poly-L-lysine modified chitosan (CS-PL) and oxidized dextran (Odex). The formed hydrogel displayed the interconnected microstructure (100-200 μm), injectability, and adjustable mechanical properties.

TCA cycle mode switch determines the fate of pirtobrutinib-tolerant persister cells in mantle cell lymphoma.

Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) and cell therapy have successfully been used to treat mantle cell lymphoma (MCL); however, therapy resistance inevitably emerges. Cancer cells can progressively develop stable resistance by traversing through a transient drug-tolerant persister (DTP) state. The mechanisms enabling DTP cells to reversibly adapt to therapies and evolve to acquire heterogeneity remain poorly understood, and characterizing DTP cells in MCL continues to pose a challenge for clinic translation.

YX0798 Is a Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Effective CDK9 Inhibitor for Treating Aggressive Lymphoma.

Non-genetic transcription evolution has been increasingly explored and recognized to drive tumor cell progression and therapeutic resistance. As the regulation hub of transcription machinery, cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is the gatekeeper of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription, and CDK9 dysfunction results in transcriptomic reprogramming and tumor cell progression. We recently reported that the HSP90-MYC-CDK9 network drives therapeutic resistance in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) through transcriptomic reprogramming.

Study on multi-dimensional dynamic changes and quality control of Aurantii Fructus during the stir-frying with bran process.

Aurantii Fructus (AF), a medicine-food homology substance, is valued for its distinctive aroma and health-promoting properties, and has been widely used in food, condiments, and traditional Chinese medicine. However, the raw form's irritating properties limit its direct application, and stir-frying with bran mitigates this drawback, enhancing its suitability for food applications. This study investigated the dynamic changes in AF's multi-dimensional parameters (including physical, chemical, and biological) during the stir-frying with bran process, aiming to elucidate the underlying processing mechanisms.

De novo transcriptome sequencing to identify the neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors of the paulownia bagworm Clania variegata (Lepidoptera: Psychidae).

In insects, neuropeptides are important signal molecules, mainly synthesized and released from neurosecretory cells within the central nervous system. Neuropeptides regulate multiple behavioral and physiological processes by acting on their corresponding receptors and are increasingly being considered as targets for new environmentally friendly insecticides. In this study, RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics were used to explore neuropeptides and their receptors by comparing the transcriptome profiles of the larval heads of male and female Clania variegata Snellen (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), a pest with significant agricultural and ecological impact.

Application of Bayesian statistics to support approval of intravenous belimumab in children with systemic lupus erythematosus in the United States.

ObjectiveDue to the rarity of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), the pediatric study (NCT01649765) conducted to support approval of intravenous (IV) belimumab in that population could not be designed with adequate power for efficacy to make statistical inferences based solely on the pediatric data. Bayesian analyses have been proposed to implement more flexible pediatric extrapolation approaches in similar situations. Here we discuss a post-hoc Bayesian analysis the FDA employed which borrowed information from the phase 3 IV belimumab studies in adults to supplement the efficacy information collected in the pediatric population.

FAM49B Fragmentation by Asparagine Endopeptidase Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Migration in Atherogenesis.

Background: The migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is critical for the development of atherosclerosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we detected FAM49B (family with sequence similarity 49 member B) fragments in atherosclerotic plaques and identified their roles in VSMC migration and atherogenesis.

A surrogate endpoint-based provisional approval causal roadmap, illustrated by vaccine development.

For many rare diseases with no approved preventive interventions, promising interventions exist. However, it has proven difficult to conduct a pivotal phase 3 trial that could provide direct evidence demonstrating a beneficial effect of the intervention on the target disease outcome. When a promising putative surrogate endpoint(s) for the target outcome is available, surrogate-based provisional approval of an intervention may be pursued.

Spatially Aligned Binary Single-Site Catalyst on Defective SiO for Cascading Reactions.

Capitalizing on the success of single-atom catalysts (SACs), dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis. However, most SACs and DACs studies seek to uniformly distribute the catalytic sites on the support material, which can hinder their effectiveness in intricate multistep cascading reactions. Particularly, it is a grand challenge to precisely control the spatial distribution of two different single sites forming binary sites so that reactants and intermediates contact the catalytic sites in the exact sequence required by the reaction steps.

Screening of bioactive compounds and deep learning-driven quality control of Angong Niuhuang pills.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Angong Niuhuang Pills (AGNHP), a famous Chinese medicine compound preparation, is widely used to treat stroke and other brain disorders. However, owing to the complexity of herbal components and diversity of production processes, quality control is challenging.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to explore deep learning-driven quality control methods to accurately and efficiently determine the content of key active compounds in AGNHP and to realize large-scale quality control and yield monitoring.

Effect of Montelukast and Budesonide Aerosol Inhalation in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis and asthma in Children and Its Effect on the Inflammatory Response of Children.

Studies have investigated montelukast and budesonide aerosol inhalation for treating allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) in children. However, there are significant variations in dosage and duration of administration. This research evaluated the efficacy in children with AR and BA and analyzed montelukast's impact on the inflammatory response.

Borax - and tannic acid-based post-3D-printing treatment to tune the mechanical properties of scaffolds.

Digital light processing (DLP) methods are constrained by the narrow range of cell-compatible resins, limiting their use in biomedical applications that require varied mechanical and biofunctional properties. Current bioresins based on natural polymers such as methacrylated gelatine or alginate usually lack sufficient stretchability and toughness. In this study, we propose a post-processing strategy to tune the mechanical and functional properties of a DLP printable polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin simple treatment with 5% (w/v) tannic acid (TA) or borax (B).

Transcriptome sequencing of Antheraea pernyi antennae for identification of olfactory-related genes.

Background: In insects, the olfactory system governs physiological and behavioral processes by detecting various odorous molecules. Despite its economic importance and adaptability, the olfactory mechanism of Antheraea pernyi remains insufficiently understood, limiting its potential for pest management and as a model organism. Hence, we aimed to conduct transcriptome sequencing to explore olfactory-related genes in the antennae, serving as the most important olfactory organ in adult A.

Integration of acoustic, optical, and electrical methods in picoliter droplet microfluidics for rare particles enrichment.

Rare particle enrichment plays a pivotal role in advancing numerous scientific research areas and industrial processes. Traditional enrichment methods encounter obstacles such as low efficiency, high cost, and complexity. Acoustic focusing, optical fiber detection, and electrical manipulation have shown potential in microfluidics for particle manipulation and analysis.

Elevating single-particle encapsulation in droplet microfluidics by utilizing surface acoustic wave and flow control.

Target particle encapsulation is crucial in droplet microfluidics for high-throughput applications like single-cell sequencing and drug screening. However, it faces limitations, with encapsulation rates of only 10% to 30% due to suspension density and the inherent functionality of the chip being restricted by the Poisson distribution. This leads to reagent waste and reduced effectiveness in applications requiring ultra-high multiplexing or extensive particle analysis, due to the massive empty droplets.

Quaking-cZFP609 Axis Remedies Aberrant Plasticity of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Mediating Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor β Degradation.

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) plasticity is crucial for the repair after vascular injury. However, the high plasticity of VSMCs may make them transform into pathogenic phenotypes. Here, we show that VSMCs overexpressing Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) exhibit a reduced phenotypic plasticity in the context of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB treatment.

Effects of enteral nutrition in stroke: an updated review.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and functional decline that places a significant burden on healthcare systems. Malnutrition is a critical clinical concern that complicates the condition of stroke patients and contributes to unfavorable outcomes. Dysphagia is the primary cause of malnutrition in the acute stage after stroke.