Ocular toxicity and potential mechanism of nanomaterials: An issue worthy of investigation.

Nanomaterials are widely used. The gases emitted from industrial manufacturing contain nanoparticles, which increases the chance of nanomaterials coming into contact with the eyes. Nanomaterials may cause damage to the eyeball wall and eye contents, manifested as keratitis, neovascularization of the iris, vitreous inflammation, retinitis, etc.

Residual host cell proteins: sources, properties, detection methods and data acquisition modes.

Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process-related impurities derived from host organisms used for recombinant protein production in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. The generation of HCPs may lead to potential safety risks, such as immunogenicity, reduced drug efficacy and long-term side effects. Therefore, in the biopharmaceutical process, even trace amounts of HCPs need to be strictly regulated and controlled.

Mode-Aware Radio Resource Allocation Algorithm in Hybrid Users Based Cognitive Radio Networks.

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), primary users (s) have the highest priority in channel resource allocation. Secondary users (s) can generally only utilize temporarily unused channels of s, share channels with s, or cooperate with s to gain priority through the interweave, underlay, and overlay modes. Traditional optimization schemes for channel resource allocation often lead to structural wastage of channel resources, whereas approaches such as reinforcement learning-though effective-require high computational power and thus exhibit poor adaptability in industrial deployments.

Comparative assessment of cadmium(II) carrier-effects derived by polyethylene microplastics with heterogeneous sources.

Microplastics (MPs), as wastes derived from various plastic commodities, have distinct heterogeneity in their sources. The overlook of MP sources may decrease the prediction reliability of their carrier-effects and the execution efficiency of their refined control. Hence, this study focuses the influence of source heterogeneity on the Cd(II) carrier-effect of MPs, aiming to improve the insights on Cd(II)-pollution pattern reshaped by MPs.

Enlarged choroid plexus is associated with reduced gray matter volumes and increased plasma amyloid-beta: a population-based study of older adults.

Objectives: To characterize brain structures and plasma Alzheimer's-related biomarkers associated with enlarged choroid plexus (ChP) among rural older adults in China.

Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 1115 older adults (age ≥ 60 years) derived from the Multimodal Interventions to delay Dementia and disability in rural China, who underwent structural brain MRI scans (3.0 T) in 2018-2020; of these, plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and neurodegeneration, i.

Biomimetic GNPs-interwoven photonic molecularly imprinted polymer for the colored determination of trace 17β-estradiol.

A new biomimetic film was developed for the detection of 17β-estradiol (E2), drawing inspiration from the hydrophilic and hydrophobic (HI-HO) pattern of the beetle's back. The film had a non-densely packed face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of interwoven hydrophobic gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and hydrophilic poly ionic liquid methyl methacrylate (PILMMA) spheres. The film exhibited reflection (RE) and fluorescence (FL) emissions.

Spatiotemporal variation and driving forces of carbon storage in the Fuhe river basin, China.

The relationship between land use change and regional carbon storage is closely linked. Understanding how land use changes affect regional carbon storage is crucial for maintaining the carbon balance of ecosystems. This study integrated the advantages of the PLUS model, the InVEST model, and the optimal parameter-based geographic detector (OPGD) models to analyze the spatiotemporal variation in land use patterns and carbon storage in the Fuhe River Basin under three scenarios in 2030, and analyze the driving forces of the spatial differentiation of carbon storage.

How face-like objects and averted gaze faces orient our attention: The role of global configuration and local features.

In real life, people perceive nonexistent faces from face-like objects, called face pareidolia. Face-like objects, similar to averted gazes, can direct the observer's attention. However, the similarities and differences in attentional shifts induced by these two types of stimuli remain underexplored.

Research progress on the advantages, mechanisms and design strategies of nanomaterials for immunomodulatory angiogenesis.

Owing to the difficulty in achieving effective and timely vascularization, repairing the structure and function of damaged tissues and organs remains a major challenge in clinical practice. The immune microenvironment is a key factor affecting angiogenesis; however, traditional strategies have failed to take full advantage of this property. Recent advances in nanomaterial design have shifted from "immune avoidance" to "immune interaction", representing a breakthrough in promoting angiogenesis.

Efficacy of artificial intelligence for adenoma detection in water exchange colonoscopy: A two-center randomized controlled trial.

Background Water exchange (WE) and artificial intelligence-based computer-aided detection (CADe) separately improve the adenoma detection rate (ADR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). We aimed to determine whether combining WE with CADe enhanced APC compared with WE alone. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted at hospitals in Italy (ENDO-AID; Olympus) and Taiwan (CAD-EYE; Fujifilm) using different CADe devices.

Sustainable Management of Banked Fluorocarbons as a Cost-Effective Climate Action.

Fluorocarbon banks present a substantial yet largely untapped opportunity for climate change mitigation within current regulatory frameworks. This potential can be effectively addressed through fluorocarbon lifecycle management (FLM), a strategy grounded in circular economy principles. This study quantifies the mitigation potential of FLM in China from 2025 to 2060, employing a tailored emission modeling framework and country-specific cost analysis.

Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: novel therapeutics for cerebral injury following cardiac arrest and potential mechanisms.

Brain injury following cardiac arrest (CA) is a significant cause of mortality and poor prognosis in patients, and effective treatment strategies remain limited. Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), a novel cell-free therapeutic approach, have recently demonstrated significant potential in the field of brain injury repair. EVs, key mediators of stem cell paracrine and autocrine signaling, are enriched with bioactive molecules such as non-coding RNAs and proteins.

Fibrous Pressure Sensor with Unique Resistance Increase under Partial Compression: Coaxial Wet-Spun TiO/Graphene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Multi-Wall Multifunctional Fiber.

Fiber-shaped resistive pressure-sensitive sensors are rare. Although fibers are widely used in strain sensors owing to their structural advantages, developing fiber-shaped resistive pressure sensors is challenging. This challenge arises because the fiber acts as a series circuit along its axis, requiring increased resistance in the compressed region for a significant signal.

Impact of long-term submerge-emerge alternation on the fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in sediment-water systems: Insight from dissolved organic matter.

Long-term submerge-emerge alternations have universal eco-environmental significance in the global aquatic cycle. However, the insight of interaction between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) within this process is limited. In this study, through comparative experiments of long-term submerge-emerge alternation (ASE) versus continued submergence (CS), we explored the release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from contaminated sediment and used spectral technologies and high-resolution mass spectrometry to reveal the DOM contribution in this process.

Quantifying the structure and thermophysical properties of heavy metal-containing molten chloride salts derived from toxic MSWIFA for high-temperature heat storage.

Chloride salts extracted from hazardous municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) are promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature heat storage with potential economic and environmental benefits. This study explores the structural transitions, transport performance, and thermophysical properties of heavy metal-containing molten chloride salts in the MSWIFA system (NaCl-KCl-CaCl-ZnCl). The results reveal that as ZnCl content increases, the short-range order of molten salts decreases while the medium-range order enhances.

The emerging threat of hybrid microplastics: Impacts on per(poly)fluoroalkyl substance bioaccumulation and phytotoxicity in floating macrophytes.

This study investigated how microplastic (MP) hybridization influence the environmental behavior of per(poly)fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), with a focus on the bioaccumulation and phytotoxicity of Eichhornia crassipes, a macrophyte employed for phytoremediation. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid (GenX) were selected as the targeted PFASs, and polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polystyrene (PS) were selected as the model MPs. Compared with previous co-exposure studies, this study considered the exposed polymer component, and innovatively introduced Simpson diversity (SDI) index to evaluate the component evenness and complexity, thereby quantifying the MP hybridization.

Enhancing soil carbon storage through carbon-iron coupling in small macro-aggregates during cut slope restorations.

The corrosion of metal mesh and the adsorption of plastic mesh affect the biogeochemical cycles of soil carbon and iron during cut slopes restoration formed by road construction in mountainous areas. However, the carbon-iron coupling and its contribution to soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks during cut slopes restoration remains unclear. Herein, this study selected four types of restored cut slopes (cut slope with natural restoration (CSN), cut slope with plastic mesh restoration (CSP), cut slope with galvanized wire mesh restoration (CSG), and natural slopes (NS)) as research objects, and analyzed the effects of iron oxide fractions and bacterial communities in different aggregate sizes on iron-bound organic carbon (OC-Fe) and SOC stocks.

Human urine-derived stem cells from different donor sources ameliorate diabetic nephropathy in mice by activating autophagy and restoring mitochondrial function of podocyte.

Background: Human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs) are a novel type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originating from the kidney, with promising potential for personalized therapies. However, it remains unclear whether hUSCs can be successfully isolated from individuals of different ages and disease states-including healthy young individuals, healthy elderly individuals, and patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN), as well as their therapeutic potential and mechanism in DN.

Methods: hUSCs were isolated from healthy young men (hUSC-HY), healthy elderly men (hUSC-HE), and male DN patients (hUSC-DN), and their biological characteristics were systematically evaluated.

LightGBM-Based Human Action Recognition Using Sensors.

In recent years, research on human activity recognition (HAR) on smartphones has received extensive attention due to its portability. However, the discrimination issues between similar activities such as leaning forward and walking forward, as well as going up and down stairs, are hard to deal with. This paper conducts HAR based on the sensors of smartphones, i.

Quantitative molecular cartography of emergency myelopoiesis reveals conserved modules of hematopoietic activation.

Unlabelled: Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) respond to infections, inflammation, and regenerative challenges using a collection of cellular and molecular mechanisms termed emergency myelopoiesis (EM) pathways. However, it remains unclear how various EM inducers regulate HSPCs using shared or distinct molecular mechanisms. Here, we generate a comprehensive and generalizable cell annotation method (HemaScribe) and a refined quantitative model of hematopoietic differentiation (HemaScape) using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of HSPCs, which we apply to a broad range of EM modalities.

Resistance of plant diversity to road disturbance: Evidence from the Tibetan Plateau.

The expansion of road networks in recent decades has drawn considerable attention due to its impact on biodiversity in high-altitude ecosystems. Here, we conducted a comprehensive field survey to investigate the effects of road disturbance on plant diversity in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicate that road disturbance caused no significant changes in species richness, Shannon-Wiener's diversity, or Simpson's diversity, and the alteration in species composition was limited.

Effect of Montelukast and Budesonide Aerosol Inhalation in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis and asthma in Children and Its Effect on the Inflammatory Response of Children.

Studies have investigated montelukast and budesonide aerosol inhalation for treating allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) in children. However, there are significant variations in dosage and duration of administration. This research evaluated the efficacy in children with AR and BA and analyzed montelukast's impact on the inflammatory response.

Response of the rhizosphere microenvironment to per(poly)fluoroalkyl substance partitioning induced by submerge-emerge alternation.

Per(poly)fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent pollutants with significant environmental risks. However, their partitioning behavior and ecological impacts under dynamic hydrological conditions remain unclear. Our study examined PFAS release, transport, bioaccumulation, and rhizosphere microenvironment responses under submerge-emerge alternation (ASE) compared to continued submergence (CS) and emergence (CE) through indoor simulations.

Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Both Cognitive and Memory Function by Disrupting Copper Output in Neuronal Cells in a Rat Model.

Background: The cerebral cortex is the foundation of cognitive function, and an imbalance in copper homeostasis in the cerebral cortex may cause cognitive and memory dysfunction. Metal exposure may disrupt copper (Cu) homeostasis in cells, leading to cognitive impairment. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (YO NPs) are widely used in the biomedical field and have potential neurotoxicity.

Impaired cognitive function and altered dendritic morphology of hippocampal neurons in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

Prenatal ethanol exposure is a leading preventable cause of neurodevelopmental disability, clinically categorized under fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This study explores how developmental alcohol exposure affects the dendritic morphology of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, focusing on the actin cytoskeleton's dynamics essential for neuronal structure and synaptic function. Within this context, we hypothesized that developmental alcohol exposure disrupts actin cytoskeleton dynamics, leading to cognitive deficits and dendritic remodeling in the hippocampus.