A carboxylesterase-activated "dual-locked" fluorescent probe for high-specificity imaging of hepatic tumors.

Hepatic carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies with low survival rates due to insufficient therapeutics while early detection of hepatic tumors remains key to reducing mortality of liver cancer. However, current clinical methods are hard to detect pathological changes in early-stage cases while the detection rate of liquid biopsy-based assay is limited. Thus, effective tools for accurate and sensitive detection of hepatic tumors are still in urgent need.

TRPV6-mediated store-operated Ca entry participates in pancreatic acinar cell injury during acute pancreatitis.

Background & Aims: Suppressing toxic Ca accumulation in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) is the central therapeutic strategy of acute pancreatitis (AP). Store-operated Ca entry (SOCE) represents an important mechanism promoting Ca overload, which remains incompletely understood in AP. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) is an ion channel highly selective to Ca, and its role in PACs or AP onset remains largely unknown.

An Improved Microbial Object Detection Method for Low-Contrast and Occluded Scenarios Based on SMA-YOLOv8s.

Accurate detection and localization of microbial targets are critical for microbial trajectory tracking and analysis. However, microscopic microorganism images often exhibit low contrast and mutual occlusion between targets, which pose significant challenges for microbial object accuracy detection due to insufficient distinguishable shallow-layer information and occluded targets inadequate representation. To address these issues, a novel method of SMA-YOLOv8s is proposed for microbial object detection.

Altered development and network connectivity in a human neuronal model of 15q11.2 deletion-related neurodevelopmental disorders.

The chromosome 15q11.2 locus is deleted in 1.5% of patients with genetic epilepsy and confers a risk for intellectual disability and schizophrenia.

Association of HARMS-AF score with atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation: a retrospective observational study.

Background And Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, with high recurrence rates following radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Identifying predictors of atrial tachyarrhythmia (Ata) recurrence is crucial for risk stratification and personalized management. The HARMS-AF score, a novel lifestyle-based risk score comprising hypertension, age, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², male sex, sleep apnea, smoking, and alcohol consumption, has emerged as a potential predictor for Ata recurrence.

A salt-free medium facilitating electrode prelithiation towards fast-charging and high-energy lithium-ion batteries.

The substantial consumption of lithium ions and sluggish reaction kinetics at the anode detrimentally impact the deliverable energy and fast-charging capability of lithium-ion batteries with silicon-based anodes. The prevailing contact prelithiation method using an electrolyte medium can replenish the active lithium, but it may cause materials/electrode instability and bring barrier for lithium-ion transport. Here we explore a contact prelithiation methodology employing cyclic carbonate mediums that can enable spatially and temporally uniform prelithiation reaction.

Branched-chain amino acids contribute to diabetic kidney disease progression via PKM2-mediated podocyte metabolic reprogramming and apoptosis.

Approximately 30-40% of patients with diabetes develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Identifying decisive factors for DKD initiation is crucial. Here, we observed that glomerular podocytes in male and female patients with DKD and db/db mice specifically displayed BCAA catabolic defects.

Spatiotemporal variation and driving forces of carbon storage in the Fuhe river basin, China.

The relationship between land use change and regional carbon storage is closely linked. Understanding how land use changes affect regional carbon storage is crucial for maintaining the carbon balance of ecosystems. This study integrated the advantages of the PLUS model, the InVEST model, and the optimal parameter-based geographic detector (OPGD) models to analyze the spatiotemporal variation in land use patterns and carbon storage in the Fuhe River Basin under three scenarios in 2030, and analyze the driving forces of the spatial differentiation of carbon storage.

Adoptive cell therapy for cancer: combination strategies and biomarkers.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a therapeutic approach that involves the isolation, modification, and expansion of immune cells , followed by their reinfusion into the patient to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Various forms of ACT have demonstrated promising clinical outcomes across multiple types of cancer. For example, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, and T-cell receptor-engineered T cell (TCR-T) therapy have received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration.

Design, synthesis and SARS-CoV‑2 main protease inhibitory activities of 2-arylthiomethyl-6-bromoindole derivatives.

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a global health crisis. The main protease (M) is essential for viral replication, making it a promising target for the development of anti-COVID-19 therapeutics. In this paper, series of novel 2-arylsulfanylmethyl-6-bromoindole derivatives (I, II III and IV) were designed as 2019-nCoV main protease inhibitors.

PEDV infection downregulates goblet cell differentiation through activating the Notch pathway.

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is the most widespread porcine coronavirus worldwide, causing high mortality and a high incidence rate among piglets. The molecular mechanisms by which PEDV regulates epithelial cell function and differentiation, as well as its disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier, are not yet fully understood. This study reveals that PEDV infection reduces the number of goblet cells and impairs the intestinal barrier integrity in newborn piglets.

Inhibition of Ferroptosis by Adipose Stem Cell-Derived Apoptotic Vesicles Enhances Angiogenesis and Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing.

Purpose: Impaired angiogenesis is a critical challenge in diabetic wound healing. While apoptotic derivatives of stem cells hold promise for regenerative therapy, their role in modulating angiogenesis within the diabetic wound microenvironment remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate whether adipose stem cell-derived apoptotic vesicles (ASCs-apoVs) promote angiogenesis and accelerate diabetic wound healing by inhibiting endothelial cell ferroptosis.

Association between 24hour movement behaviors and psychological wellbeing in overweight and obese children.

Objectives: The 24-hour movement behaviors, comprising physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, are crucial factors affecting children's mental health. This study aims to explore the longitudinal association between 24-hour movement behaviors and psychological well-being in overweight and obese children, providing empirical evidence for mental health promotion in this population.

Methods: A total of 445 overweight and obese children were recruited via stratified cluster random sampling from a provincial capital city in China and followed up for one year.

Exosomal microRNA biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Recent studies have suggested an association between exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their effectiveness as clinical biomarkers has yet to be definitively established. This study aims to assess the diagnostic value of exosomal miRNAs in AD through a meta-analysis.

Evidence synthesis of effective e-cigarette prevention messages for adolescents and young adults: A scoping review.

Introduction: This scoping review aims to examine existing evidence regarding information design for youth e-cigarette prevention, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research and practice.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted from the inception of databases to April 2024 across six databases: Web of Science Core Collection (including MEDLINE), PubMed, Embase, Scopus, PsycINFO, and CNKI. Peer-reviewed articles related to information design for youth e-cigarette prevention were included based on eligibility criteria.

The Role of Anti-Interferon-α Autoantibodies in Severe COVID-19: Implications for Vaccination Prioritization.

: Neutralizing autoantibodies against type I interferons, particularly interferon-alpha (IFN-α), have been implicated in severe COVID-19 outcomes. This study investigated the prevalence and functional significance of anti-IFN-α autoantibodies (AAbs) in hospitalized unvaccinated COVID-19 patients and their association with COVID-19 disease severity. : We retrospectively analyzed serum samples from 122 hospitalized COVID-19 patients (asymptomatic/mild: n = 69, moderate: n = 35, severe/critical: n = 18) and 32 healthy uninfected controls.

Prognostic and immunological significance of CD82 in cancers with focus on hepatocellular carcinoma: A bioinformatics approach.

Despite significant successes, immunotherapy continues to face numerous challenges in practical applications. CD82 plays an important role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) across various cancers. However, the prognostic value of CD82 in immunotherapy and its role in the immune response remain unclear.

Modulating the peroxidase-like activity of Fe single-atom nanozymes via atomic-scale inter-site distance engineering.

Developing single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with neighboring metal atom active centers composed of homogeneous metal atoms and precisely regulating the distance of atom pair is still purposeful but challenging. Herein, we report an atomic-scale inter-site distance engineering for rationally designing Fe-SAzymes by regulating the inter-site distance of Fe active centers. The resulting Fe-SAzymes displayed enhanced and tunable peroxidase-like activity and Michaelis-Menten kinetics.

Cellular Adaptation to Mechanical Stress Emerges via Cell Shrinkage Triggered by Nonlinear Calcium Elevation.

Organisms constantly encounter unpredictable environmental perturbations, necessitating adaptation to maintain homeostasis. However, the fundamental principles by which organisms identify specific cues and transition to an adaptive state remain unclear. Here, using a mouse mechanical ventilation model and a cell stretch model, it is found that the cellular adaptation to mechanical stress can be induced by applying low amplitude stretches to cells, and demonstrate that the adaptation emerges once a defined stretch threshold is reached.

Medical Hyperspectral Image Feature Selection Framework Using Functional Data Analysis: Application to Membranous Nephropathy Pathologic Diagnosis.

To address the core issue of high-dimensional data processing in hyperspectral pathological diagnosis, we develop a new feature selection framework using functional data analysis (FSFDA). The framework models pixel spectra as continuous functions to preserve spectral continuity, overcoming the limitations of traditional discrete representations. Based on functional features, an innovative adaptive spectral segmentation strategy driven by functional change rate is developed to achieve optimal segmentation in the feature space.

Pt nanoparticles modified single-atoms nanozymes with tunable metal valence for rapid chlorpyrifos colorimetric detection.

The rational design and synthesis of nanozymes with tunable peroxidase-like (POD-like) catalytic activity remain challenging. By coupling metal single-atom and nanoparticle catalytic active sites, catalysts can drive complex catalytic systems, enhance reaction selectivity, and enable synergistic catalysis. On this basis, the effect of the metal oxidation state on POD-like catalytic activity can be clarified and the highly active nanozymes can be designed reasonably.

Effective features of e-cigarette prevention videos: A qualitative study with primary school students.

Introduction: While video-based prevention campaigns show promise in addressing the rising e-cigarette use among youth, little is known about what makes such videos effective from children's perspectives, particularly in China's cultural context. This study aimed to investigate which video content elements could be effective in preventing e-cigarette use among children, providing evidence-based guidance for developing e-cigarette prevention materials and information design targeting children.

Methods: Using purposive sampling, we conducted four gender-stratified focus groups with 35 primary school students (aged 12-13 years) in Beijing and Yunnan.

KLK8/HGF/Met signaling pathway mediates diabetes-associated hippocampal neuroinflammation in male mice.

Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated depression. Tissue kallikrein-related peptidase 8 (KLK8), a secreted serine protease, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression- and anxiety-related behaviors across various etiologies, however the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study elucidates a novel mechanism by which KLK8 upregulation contributes to diabetes-induced microglial activation and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus through modulating the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/Met signaling pathway.

Peroxydisulfate activation by copper metal-organic framework derivatives: Deciphering the role of copper species.

Metal-carbon composites can combine the respective advantages of metal materials and carbon materials, which have recently received much focus in persulfate activation. Herein, copper metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) derived porous carbon (Cu-BTC-800) was synthesized by one-step pyrolysis, the material characterization results showed that Cu-BTC-800 was a porous carbon composite containing metallic Cu and CuO (x = 1, 2). Among different copper source ratios, 1 Cu-BTC-800 exhibited optimal peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation performance and achieved 84.

CBT treatment delivery formats for generalized anxiety disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: To assess the comparative efficacy and acceptability of different delivery formats of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in treating generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Web of Science from database inception to September, 2023, to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of CBT for patients with GAD. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model.