Exploring vaginal microbiome: from traditional methods to metagenomic next-generation sequencing-a systematic review.

Recent research has highlighted the vaginal microbiome as a crucial factor in women's health and fertility. The growing recognition of its significance has intensified the focus on studying the female reproductive tract's microbial ecosystem. While various analytical methods exist for examining the vaginal microbiome, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has emerged as an auspicious approach.

Comparative impact of social isolation on mortality in adults aged 40 years and above with versus without metabolic syndrome: evidence from two large cohorts in the U.S. and U.K.

Introduction: Social isolation is increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern associated with mortality risk. However, whether the impact of social isolation on mortality differs between individuals with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations of social isolation with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality (CVDM), cancer mortality (CAM), other cause mortality (OTM), and premature mortality in MetS and non-MetS populations using data from large cohorts in the UK and the US.

Machine Learning-Driven Dual-Recognition Magnetic Imprinted Polymers: Host-Guest/Aptamer Synergy Enabling Ultrasensitive Chloramphenicol Detection.

To address the challenges in detecting chloramphenicol (CAP) in complex food matrices, this study developed a magnetic solid-phase microextraction coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography (MSPME-HPLC) system that integrates machine learning and molecular recognition. The system employs magnetic SiO@FeO nanoparticles as the carrier and combines the dual recognition functions of carboxylated pillar[5]arene (CP[5]A) and aptamer (Apt) to create a nanocomposite separation material, Apt-MIP-CP[5]A@SiO@FeO (AC-MSF). Bayesian optimization and six machine learning models (e.

Clinical pathological characteristics correlation of gene mutation in giant cell tumor of bone: a study of 96 cases.

Background: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) has been a common primary bone tumor with potential malignancy and local aggressiveness. gene mutation has been gradually understood to be related with GCTB occurrence. However, the relationship between different mutation sites and tumor pathological morphology as well as clinical prognosis is still uncertain.

The Association Between Frequency of Fingertip Blood Glucose Measurement and Delirium in Intensive Care Unit Patients: A Retrospective Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.

Background: Tight blood glucose monitoring is crucial in the management of intensive care unit (ICU) delirium because glycaemic disorders were suggested as initiating risk factors. However, the association between the frequency of fingertip blood glucose measurement (FFBGM) owing to tight blood glucose monitoring and delirium in ICU patients remains unclear.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between FFBGM and the risk of delirium among ICU patients.

Near-Quantitative Photothermal Conversion in Non-Fluorescent Diradicaloid Organic Molecules for Efficient Solar Energy Harvesting.

Organic small molecules have emerged as promising photothermal materials for solar energy harvesting due to their structural tunability and diverse optoelectronic properties. However, achieving photothermal conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 90% in such systems remains a significant challenge, largely limited by residual fluorescence and suboptimal non-radiative decay pathways. Here, a molecular design strategy is reported that combines inherently non-fluorescent diradicaloid cores with electron-donating substituents to facilitate non-radiative decay and enhance PCE.

Detection of surface water pollution with full absorption spectroscopy: Integrating 2D image conversion and ResNet for classification.

Global industrialization and urbanization have caused significant degradation of water environments, posing major risks to human health, ecological stability, and sustainable economic development. Traditional water quality monitoring methods are becoming insufficient to address these complex challenges. This study presents a novel MGR (MSC-GAF-ResNet) model with full-spectrum absorption data for surface water pollution classification and monitoring.

Long-term exposure to PM1 and thyroid diseases in China.

Background: Globally prevalent, thyroid diseases are linked to environmental factors such as air pollution. This study examines the link between particulate matter (PM)1 exposure and thyroid disease rates in China.

Methods: We analyzed data from 73,900 adults across 31 Chinese provinces, using a high-resolution spatial-temporal extremity tree model to estimate PM1 and PM2.

Dual Enhancement of Protein Imaging in Complex Tissues Using HydroWash: A Sequential Washing and Hydrogel Conditioning Strategy for DESI-MS.

Protein mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a promising tool for spatial proteomics but remains limited by low desorption efficiency and chemical interference from complex tissue matrices. To address these challenges, we developed HydroWash, a two-step strategy that combines conventional tissue washing with hydrogel conditioning to enhance DESI-MS protein imaging. A brief 5 min treatment with 5% gelatin hydrogel enhanced the DESI-MS signals of α-globin and β-globin in kidney tissues 3.

Redox tunable conjugated radicals enable low threshold voltage memristors for artificial synapses.

Organic molecules with reversible redox are emerging as promising materials for low power memristors. However, the structure-property relationship between the molecular structure and threshold voltage is not clear; achieving low threshold voltage memristors is still a challenge. To address this issue, a series of conjugated Blatter radicals with tunable redox were designed and synthesized by varying the functional groups.

Cellular Adaptation to Mechanical Stress Emerges via Cell Shrinkage Triggered by Nonlinear Calcium Elevation.

Organisms constantly encounter unpredictable environmental perturbations, necessitating adaptation to maintain homeostasis. However, the fundamental principles by which organisms identify specific cues and transition to an adaptive state remain unclear. Here, using a mouse mechanical ventilation model and a cell stretch model, it is found that the cellular adaptation to mechanical stress can be induced by applying low amplitude stretches to cells, and demonstrate that the adaptation emerges once a defined stretch threshold is reached.

Digital Light Processing of Methacrylated Silk Fibroin Microneedles: Precision Engineering for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery and Skin Regeneration.

Despite the promising potential of digital light processing (DLP)─fabricated silk fibroin (SF) microneedles (MNs) in transdermal applications, their clinical translation faces two major challenges: insufficient manufacturing precision to achieve architectural resolution and inadequate mechanical strength to penetrate the epidermis effectively. To overcome these critical barriers, we developed a methacrylated silk fibroin (Sil-MA) bioink that combines high biocompatibility with enhanced printability. By systematically optimizing material formulation, printing parameters and MN geometry, we successfully fabricated DLP-printed Sil-MA MNs with precise architecture control and superior mechanical performance.

Factors influencing resilience and its relationship with spiritual coping strategies among nursing college students: a latent profile analysis.

Background: Previous studies have primarily examined overall resilience about coping strategies and demographics, overlooking individual heterogeneity. This study identifies distinct resilience profiles among nursing students, examines their associations with spiritual coping strategies, and determines demographic factors associated with these profiles.

Method: A cross-sectional study of 1,223 nursing students was conducted using convenience sampling from May 13 to 24, 2024.

Associations of socioeconomic status and health lifestyles with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two nationwide population-based studies.

Background: Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with increased chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk, with smoking and poor diet as major contributing factors. However, the impact of a comprehensive healthy lifestyle as a potential mediator between SES and COPD risk remains understudied.

Methods: This study analyzed data from 32,836 US adults in the NHANES (1999-2020) and 131,872 UK adults in the UK Biobank.

Identification of Crucial Genes Associated With MYCN-Driven Neuroblastoma Based on Single-Cell Analysis and Machine Learning.

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) with MYCN amplification is strongly correlated with high-risk stratification and poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Elucidating these pathways is critical for advancing personalized treatments for MYCN-driven NB.

Enhancing diagnostic accuracy in rare and common fundus diseases with a knowledge-rich vision-language model.

Previous foundation models for fundus images were pre-trained with limited disease categories and knowledge base. Here we introduce RetiZero, a vision-language model that incorporates knowledge from over 400 fundus diseases. The model is pre-trained on 341,896 fundus images with accompanying text descriptions gathered from diverse sources across multiple ethnicities and countries.

Xuebijing Injection Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibition of Cell Apoptosis and Inflammation Through the Hippo Pathway.

Background: Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a critical complication of sepsis, strongly associated with poor prognosis. Xuebijing (XBJ) injection, a standardized multi-herbal formulation containing five active components (safflower, red peony, Chuanxiong, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Angelica sinensis), has demonstrated clinical efficacy in sepsis management through its multimodal pharmacological actions. While XBJ is increasingly used as an adjunctive therapy for sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS, its specific protective mechanisms remain incompletely understood.

Associations of socioeconomic status and healthy lifestyle with incident early-onset and late-onset hypertension: a nationwide prospective cohort study in the UK.

Introduction: Low socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy lifestyle are known risk factors for hypertension, but their impact on early-onset hypertension remains unclear.

Methods: A nationwide cohort study using UK Biobank data included 128,918 adults. SES was classified as high, medium, or low through latent class analysis of household income, employment, and education.

High-Rate CO-to-CH Photoreduction by Dual-Proton Hydrogenation Pathway Over Pd-Anchored Oxygen-Deficient ZnO Nanosheets.

Photoreduction of CO into CH usually comprises upto eight proton-coupled electron transfer steps, greatly reducing the conversion performance. Here, we report a new dual-proton hydrogenation pathway for CO-to-CH conversion, which can condense every two proton-coupled electron transfer steps into one single step. Also, we pioneer the use of in situ synchrotron-radiation vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry to distinguish the crucial HCOOH from COOH intermediates, overcoming the limitation of in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

Residential Greenness Is Associated with Lower Thyroid Nodule Prevalence: A Nationwide Study in China.

The prevalence of thyroid nodules is increasing globally. This study explored the association between residential greenness and thyroid nodule prevalence. Data were collected from a national cross-sectional survey of 73,728 participants across 31 provinces in mainland China.

Chromatic confocal measurement decoded using color recognition for high resolution, integration, and efficiency.

We proposed a chromatic confocal measurement method for color recognition of spectral signals that uses a color detector. This method addressed insufficient color resolution using quantization-based subdivision, and it provided a theoretical basis to improve confocal measurement resolution. In addition, its size was approximately 1/200th that of conventional spectrometers on the market, which was conducive to the realization of online detection applications.

Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology reveal the mechanisms of Xuebijing in counteracting sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Xuebijing (XBJ) injection is a Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection extracted and prepared using modern TCM formulation techniques. As a widely used treatment for critically ill patients, XBJ injection has shown significant therapeutic effects in clinical applications in China. It plays an indispensable role in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD).

Prognostic implications of the interaction between intratumoral microbiome and immune response in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) prognosis is significantly influenced by intratumoral microbiomes, which modulate host-immune interactions. This study analyzed data from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to identify immune genes associated with GC prognosis and conducted prognostic immune subtypes. GC patients were classified into two distinct prognostic immune phenotypes C1 and C2 based on the non-negative matrix factorization consensus clusters.

Machine Learning-Accelerated Design of High-Efficient Lithium Adsorbents for Salt Lake Brines.

The urgent demand for lithium resources has been advancing the development of highly efficient lithium extraction from brines. Aluminum-based lithium adsorbent, as the only one used in the Salt Lake industry, is limited in further improving the extraction efficiency due to the low adsorption capacity. Here, we develop a high-throughput screening framework via interpretable machine learning (ML) to rapidly determine high-performance modification strategies for the aluminum-based lithium adsorbent, avoiding the huge workload of traditional trial-and-error doping experiments in view of multiple doping schemes and the unique trade-off between performance and structural stability.