Effects of Maternal Iodine Deficiency in Women with Mild Thyroid Dysfunction During Early Pregnancy on Mental and Motor Growth of Their Offspring During Levothyroxine Treatment.

The relationship between maternal thyroid function and intellectual development of offspring is controversial. Iodine may be an important confounding factor. This study investigated whether maternal iodine status could affect the efficacy of levothyroxine (LT4) treatment during early pregnancy on the intellectual growth of progeny.

Long-term exposure to PM1 and thyroid diseases in China.

Background: Globally prevalent, thyroid diseases are linked to environmental factors such as air pollution. This study examines the link between particulate matter (PM)1 exposure and thyroid disease rates in China.

Methods: We analyzed data from 73,900 adults across 31 Chinese provinces, using a high-resolution spatial-temporal extremity tree model to estimate PM1 and PM2.

The establishment of lipid profiles reference ranges during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Maternal lipid levels, which are crucial for both foetal development and maternal health, exhibit significant physiological changes during pregnancy. Current reference ranges for lipids that are based on common adults may inadequately assess the appropriate lipid levels during pregnancy and fail to predict potential risks. Therefore, it is necessary to establish trimester-specific reference intervals (TSRIs) for pregnant women during pregnancy.

The impacts of vitamin D supplementation on serum levels of thyroid autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease: a meta-analysis.

Background: Although vitamin D (VitD) deficiency had been found with close relationship with autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD), the findings about the impacts of VitD supplementation on the production of anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) remained inconsistent. Thus, a systemic meta-analysis was conducted to figure out the exact effects of VitD intervention on the production of TPOAb and TgAb in AITD patients.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and The Cochrane Library databases for all clinical studies up to May 2023, which evaluated the changes in serum TPOAb and TgAb titers of AITD patients after VitD intervention.

Risk Factors for Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of the Literature to Validate Current Risk Factors and Identify Novel Ones.

International guidelines recommend that the indication to perform thyroid function testing during pregnancy is based on the presence of risk factors for thyroid function test abnormalities. However, the discriminative ability of currently recommended risk factors is questionable. To inform on an update of the American Thyroid Association Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease in Preconception, Pregnancy, and the Postpartum, we aimed to systematically review the literature to evaluate evidence for current risk factors and potential novel ones for thyroid function test abnormalities in pregnancy.

Residential Greenness Is Associated with Lower Thyroid Nodule Prevalence: A Nationwide Study in China.

The prevalence of thyroid nodules is increasing globally. This study explored the association between residential greenness and thyroid nodule prevalence. Data were collected from a national cross-sectional survey of 73,728 participants across 31 provinces in mainland China.

The Dynamic Changes in Maternal Thyroid Parameters Across the Three Trimesters and Their Differential Effects on the Occurrence of Adverse Obstetric Outcomes.

Objective: Thyroid parameters undergo significant dynamic changes during pregnancy. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the impact of abnormal thyroid parameters in each trimester on the incidence of common adverse obstetric outcomes.

Methods: Blood samples drawn for thyroid parameters in each trimester during the antenatal period were determined after the participants gave birth.

Dihydroartemisinin inhibits the development of autoimmune thyroiditis by modulating oxidative stress and immune imbalance.

Autoimmune thyroiditis is among the most prevalent autoimmune endocrine illnesses. However, the pathophysiology has not been determined, and efficacious treatments are still lacking. The current study used network pharmacology analysis and an experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) mouse model to explore whether dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has therapeutic effects on autoimmune thyroiditis and to investigate the potentially related mechanisms concerning oxidative stress (OS) responses and T-cell immune imbalance.

Unveiling the link: anti-protein disulfide isomerase A3 autoantibody expression and polycystic ovary syndrome risk in euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis women.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common complication of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in women, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a ubiquitous protein. We have reported that PDIA3 autoantibody (PDIA3Ab) production results from autoimmune responses against thyrocytes, resulting in its high expression in euthyroid AIT patients.

Effects of different supplements on Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Clinicians often consider the use of dietary supplements to assist in lowering thyroid autoantibody titres in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Currently, different supplements differ in their ability to reduce autoantibody levels. The purpose of this article is to compare the ability of different supplements to lower autoantibody titres and restore TSH levels through a systematic literature review.

Iodine activates NLRP3 inflammasomes in PBMCs of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and regulates Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation.

Objectives: Inflammasomes are associated with various autoimmune diseases. Herein, we aimed to study the occurrence of inflammasomes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), and the relationship between their abundance and the inflammatory response index of AIT. Furthermore, we examined the effect of iodine on inflammasomes containing NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and inflammasome activation of helper T (Th) cell differentiation regulation in cultured PBMCs.

The Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites and Their Association with the Risk of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

: Observational research shows associations of the gut microbiota and its metabolites with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), but the causality is undetermined. : Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to analyze the association of the gut microbiota and its metabolites with AITD. A total of 119 gut microbiotas and nine fecal/circulating metabolites were the exposures.

Serum metabolite profiles of thyroid autoimmunity patients in early pregnancy.

Background: Research on serum metabolite profiles in thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) patients during early pregnancy is currently limited.

Aim & Methods: The current study aimed to identify differential serum metabolites and assess the relationship between pregnancy outcomes and metabolic abnormalities in individuals with TAI. This research included 26 pregnant women with TAI and 30 healthy controls (HC).

Thyrotropin reference interval in older adults.

It is estimated that by the year 2050, 16% of the world's population will be 65 years old and above. As the global aging population continues to grow, there is an increasing focus on thyroid disorders among older individuals. Thyrotropin is widely used in diagnosing subclinical thyroid diseases due to its high sensitivity as an indicator of changes in thyroid function.

Associations between various anthropometric indices and hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: a cross-sectional study in China.

Background: This study aims to explore the association and determine the distinguished potential of anthropometric adiposity indices in screening for hypertension and hyperlipidaemia in the Chinese population.

Methods: A recent nationwide cross-sectional study, called the Thyroid Disorders, Iodine State, and Diabetes Epidemiological Survey (TIDE 2015-2017), provided the newest data on the relationships between anthropometric adiposity indices and hypertension and hyperlipidaemia and included 65,231 subjects. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the feasibility of using these indices to distinguish hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.

The Relationships among the Urinary Iodine Concentration, Selenium Intake, and Thyroid Antibodies in Adults, Including the Interaction between Iodine and Selenium: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the urinary iodine concentration (UIC)-thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) association and UIC-selenium intake interaction in U.S. adults.

Thyroid function, physical activity and sedentary behaviour: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomisation study.

Background: The interinfluence of thyroid function and daily physical activity (PA) remains unclear. We examined the causal relationship between genetically proxied thyroid-related traits; hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4), and daily PA measures; leisure screen time (LST) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), using Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis.

Methods: We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the ThyroidOmics Consortium and the most comprehensive meta-analysis on PA, comprising data on hypothyroidism (n = 53 423), hyperthyroidism (n = 51 823), TSH within the reference range (n = 54 288), fT4 within the reference range (n = 49 269), LST (n = 526 725), and MVPA (n = 608 595) to conduct a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis.

Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Environmental Fine Particulate Matter and the Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders: A National Cross-Sectional Study in China.

Exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM) is associated with the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction among pregnant women and neonates, but it is not known if this association occurs in the general population. We aimed to determine the association of prolonged exposure to PM with the prevalence of thyroid disorders among adults in China.

Relationship Between Serum Thyrotropin Levels and Metabolic Diseases in Older Adults.

Context: Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with metabolic diseases; however, it remains controversial in older individuals.

Objective: This work aimed to investigate the relationship between thyrotropin (TSH) levels and metabolic diseases.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, sampling was conducted from nationally representative general communities from 31 provinces in mainland China.

Influence of ear tags on the results of body composition analysis in mice.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of marking methods on the outcomes of body composition analysis and provide guidance for the selection of marking methods in mouse body composition analysis.

Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice aged 6 weeks were randomly assigned for pre- and post- ear tagging measurements. The body composition of the mice was measured using a small animal body composition analyzer, which provided measurements of the mass of fat, lean, and free fluid.

Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional survey and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Metabolic diseases are associated with thyroid disorders. Insulin resistance is the common pathological basis of metabolic diseases. We explored the relationship between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a simple insulin-resistance marker, and thyroid disorders.

Causal association between low vitamin D and polycystic ovary syndrome: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study.

Background: Recent studies have revealed the correlation between serum vitamin D (VD) level and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the causality and specific mechanisms remain uncertain.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the cause-effect relationship between serum VD and PCOS, and the role of testosterone in the related pathological mechanisms.

Methods: We assessed the causality between serum VD and PCOS by using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data in a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TS-MR) analysis.