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We proposed a chromatic confocal measurement method for color recognition of spectral signals that uses a color detector. This method addressed insufficient color resolution using quantization-based subdivision, and it provided a theoretical basis to improve confocal measurement resolution. In addition, its size was approximately 1/200th that of conventional spectrometers on the market, which was conducive to the realization of online detection applications. Furthermore, this method used one-point data to obtain the one-point position, which provided a significant absolute efficiency advantage. According to the experimental results, the system achieved an axial resolution of 0.37 µm with a measurement range of 2.05 mm. This color-decoding method was characterized by its high resolution, compact size, and rapid processing capabilities. It thus demonstrated its significant potential for future applications in the optical precision measurement field.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.546702 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
September 2025
Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
Agonist-induced interaction of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with β-arrestins (βarrs) is a critical mechanism that regulates the spatiotemporal pattern of receptor localization and signaling. While the underlying mechanism governing GPCR-βarr interaction is primarily conserved and involves receptor activation and phosphorylation, there are several examples of receptor-specific fine-tuning of βarr-mediated functional outcomes. Considering the key contribution of conformational plasticity of βarrs in driving receptor-specific functional responses, it is important to develop novel sensors capable of reporting distinct βarr conformations in cellular context.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
September 2025
Process Engineering in Life Science Engineering, HTW Berlin, Wilhelminenhofstraße 75 A, 12459 Berlin, Germany.
Pickering emulsions (PEs), where water-in-oil (w/o) droplets are stabilized by nanoparticles (NPs), offer a promising platform for biocatalysis by providing a large interfacial area crucial for efficient substrate conversion. While several lipase catalyzed reactions in PEs have been demonstrated, the exact interfacial structure is unknown. This study focuses on the interfacial network formed by NPs and lipase (CRL) at the octanol/water-interface by varying pH and NP charge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vis Exp
August 2025
Laser Biomedical Research Center, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
We present multimodal confocal Raman micro-spectroscopy (RS) and tomographic phase microscopy (TPM) for quick morpho-chemical phenotyping of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Leveraging the non-perturbative nature of these advanced microscopy techniques, we captured detailed morpho-molecular data from living, label-free cells in their native physiological environment. Human bias-free data processing pipelines were developed to analyze hyperspectral Raman images (spanning Raman modes from 600 cm to 1800 cm, which uniquely characterize a wide range of molecular bonds and subcellular structures), as well as morphological data from three-dimensional refractive index tomograms (providing measurements of cell volume, surface area, footprint, and sphericity at nanometer resolution, alongside dry mass and density).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOncol Res
September 2025
Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Objectives: Ovarian cancer, a leading cause of gynecological malignancy-related mortality, is characterized by limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. Although pyrimethamine has emerged as a promising candidate demonstrating efficacy in treating various tumors, the precise mechanisms of its antitumor effects remain obscure. This study was specifically designed to investigate the mode of action underlying the antitumor effects of pyrimethamine in preclinical settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFiScience
September 2025
School of Electric and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China.
Wafer thickness is a critical parameter in semiconductor manufacturing, influencing production costs, and chip performance. Traditional measurement methods using clamping devices often introduce errors due to uneven positioning or unstable clamping. This study enhances the dual-probe chromatic confocal system by incorporating a diffractive optical element that splits white light into three beams, with spectrometer wave peak counts detecting wafer tilt.
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