Discovery of insect Fairmaire extracts with anti-tyrosinase activity and anti-melanin deposition.

Background: Fairmaire is a medicinal insect that has been used for a long time by minority ethnic groups in Yunnan, China, due to its immunomodulatory function. However, its potential applications in cosmetics have not been reported.

Methods: experiments were used to verify whether the extracts of Fairmaire (EBR) have the effect of inhibiting TYR activity and eliminating melanin deposition.

FOXO1- mediated argininosuccinate lyase transcription inhibits ammonia metabolism and breast cancer cell metastasis.

Cancer cells exhibit altered and elevated metabolic processes to meet their increased bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands, leading to the production of ammonia as a byproduct. However, the mechanisms by which tumor cells manage excess ammonia remain poorly understood, despite its critical role in nitrogen metabolism. The urea cycle, a central pathway for ammonia detoxification, has been insufficiently explored in the context of cancer metabolism.

Proportions and trends of global adolescent knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco smoking from 1999 to 2019.

Objective: We aimed to assess the recent levels of knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco smoking among adolescents aged 12-16 years in 2010-2019, and to examine trends from 1999 to 2019.

Methods: We used the most recent data from 145 countries/territories (hereafter "countries") that conducted at least one Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) between 2010 and 2019 to assess the current levels of knowledge and attitudes toward tobacco smoking among adolescents aged 12-16 years. And 112 countries that conducted at least three GYTS surveys from 1999 to 2019 were used to assess the trends among adolescents aged 12-16 years over time.

Effects of sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia versus propofol intravenous anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function in patients with malignant tumors: A meta-analysis.

Background: Both propofol and sevoflurane, commonly used anesthetics, may cause brain oxygen metabolism abnormalities potentially linked to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), though their precise relationship with POCD requires further study.

Objective: To systematically evaluate sevoflurane inhalation versus propofol intravenous anesthesia effects on postoperative cognitive function in cancer patients.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and Chinese Biomedical Literature databases (from January 10, 2023) using keywords including Anaesthesia, Anesthetic Agents, Neoplasm, Cancer, Cognition, and Cognitive Function.

Effect of opioid sparing anesthesia with esketamine on PONV in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy randomized trial.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains highly prevalent in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), with intraoperative opioid use being a key contributing factor. We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial to compare esketamine-based opioid-sparing anesthesia (OSA) to opioid-based anesthesia in adults undergoing LSG, The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV within 48 h postoperatively. OSA was associated with a significant reduction in the overall incidence of PONV within 48 h, while maintaining comparable analgesic efficacy or postoperative recovery.

Inhibition mechanism and behaviour of wedelolactone against α-glucosidase.

The quest for effective and safe treatments for diabetes mellitus has led to the exploration of natural metabolites as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. This study delves into the inhibition mechanism of wedelolactone against α-glucosidase and its hypoglycaemic activity. Activity assay results discovered that wedelolactone functioned as a mixed-type inhibitor, with an IC of 39.

Research on concept generation design of automobile seats based on human-machine co-creation.

This study aims to develop a human-machine co-creation framework for automobile seat conceptual design, leveraging an improved Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (ResNet-DCGAN) to lower design barriers for non-professionals and enhance cross-disciplinary innovation. By constructing a dataset of automobile seat images and implementing generative design strategies across three key stages, this research seeks to demonstrate the feasibility of AI-driven creativity augmentation in product design. The cooperation of human-machine co-creation can stimulate the innovative thinking of participants from different industries, reduce the design difficulty, arouse participants' enthusiasm, and provide abundant creativity in designing automobile seats.

Characteristics of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope variations in soil water under different land covers in karst area.

Understanding the stable isotope changes of soil water, hydrogen, and oxygen under different land cover in karst areas is beneficial for revealing the infiltration and transport processes of soil water, as well as the impact of different land cover on hydrological processes, providing theoretical basis for regional water resource utilization and ecological environment construction. We measured hydrogen and oxygen isotope of soil water in 0-50 cm profiles under four different land covers (bare land, cultivated land, grassland, and shrubland) at the Puding Karst Ecological Station in Guizhou Province from May 2021 to April 2022 through regular field sampling and indoor experiments. The stable isotope changes of hydrogen and oxygen in precipitation and soil water at 10, 25, and 45 cm layers under four land covers were compared and analyzed.

Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptanes via Pyridine-Boronyl Radical-Catalyzed [2π + 2σ] Cycloaddition.

Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes (BCHeps) are essential polycyclic compounds in many natural products and pharmaceutical molecules.

Association between blood pressure trajectories and high carotid intima-media thickness in Chinese children.

Background And Aim: The association between the patterns of blood pressure (BP) changes over time and the development of high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in children is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the different BP trajectories and investigate their relationship with the odds of high cIMT in childhood.

Methods And Results: Data on children aged 6-11 years at baseline with 6-year follow-up (n = 1175) were extracted from the Huantai Children Cardiovascular Health Cohort Study.

Accelerometer-derived "weekend warrior" physical activity pattern and cardiovascular disease in individuals with hypertension: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Extensive evidence has demonstrated that physical activity (PA), particularly moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), has protective effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with hypertension. However, the relative effects of different PA patterns in this high-risk population remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the associations of three PA patterns ("weekend warrior" (WW), regularly active, and inactive) with incident CVD in individuals with hypertension.

Strain Monitoring and Numerical Simulation Analysis of Nuclear Containment Structure During Containment Tests.

Strain monitoring during the service life of a nuclear containment structure is an effective means to evaluate whether the structure is operating safely. Due to the failure of embedded strain sensors, surface-mounted strain sensors should be installed on the outer wall of the structure. However, whether the data from these substitute sensors can reasonably reflect the internal deformation behavior requires further investigation.

Reading Interest Profiles Among Preservice Chinese Language Teachers: Why They Begin to Like (or Dislike) Reading.

This study aimed to examine reading interest profiles among preservice Chinese language teachers and related factors making them begin to like or dislike reading. In total, 321 college students majoring in Chinese language education in elementary and secondary schools participated in this study and completed a reading interest questionnaire. The questionnaire contains one close-ended question asking about their reading interest levels across seven periods (from preschool to college) and three open-ended questions asking about the reasons influencing their reading interest levels.

Malignancies Presenting With ANCA Positivity: Two Case Reports and Diagnostic Considerations.

Background: ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) are small-vessel inflammatory disorders characterized by the presence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), including those against proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). ANCA positivity is not exclusive to vasculitis and may also occur in the context of malignancies or infections, leading to diagnostic confusion. In this report, we present two cases of malignancy with ANCA positivity.

Intravitreal Aflibercept 8 mg in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration: 96-Week Results from the Randomized Phase 3 PULSAR Trial.

Purpose: To follow up the previously published comparison of aflibercept 8 mg at extended dosing intervals versus aflibercept 2 mg every 8 weeks, in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) through 48 weeks, we now report efficacy, durability and safety analyses through 96 weeks.

Design: PULSAR (NCT04423718): phase 3, randomized, non-inferiority, 96-week trial.

Participants: Treatment-naive adults aged ≥50 years with active, subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to nAMD.

Circadian Disruption Induces Cognitive Impairment Through Tryptophan-5-HT Metabolic Pathway Dysregulation.

Circadian disruption is a common phenomenon that can cause various physiological and psychological problems, including cognitive impairment. The tryptophan-5-HT pathway, a crucial neurotransmitter system, plays a vital role in regulating circadian rhythms and cognitive functions. However, whether it mediates the cognitive impairment induced by circadian disruption remains unclear.

Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Key Metabolic Regulators and Prognostic Biomarkers in Pediatric and Adult Thyroid Cancer.

Thyroid cancer, including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), exhibits distinct molecular characteristics in adult and pediatric populations. Understanding these differences is vital for identifying therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. We performed an integrative multi-omics analysis combining proteomics, phosphoproteomics, metabolomics, and RNA sequencing data from adult and pediatric thyroid cancer cohorts.

Effects of Glycopyrronium Bromide as an Adjuvant Treatment in the Prevention of Nausea and Vomiting After Abdominal, Thyroid, and Breast Surgery: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Effective methods for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting remain to be found. Building upon previous evidence, we examined whether glycopyrrolate bromide had a preventive effect on nausea and vomiting when used as an adjuvant treatment.

Methods: In 11 participating hospitals, patients who were scheduled to receive gynecological (n=123), gastrointestinal (n=201), thyroid (n=93), and breast surgery (n=51) under general anesthesia and received postoperative opioids were randomly allocated to receive 4 mg dexamethasone and 4 mg tropisetron (Group C) or 4 mg dexamethasone and 4 mg tropisetron combined with 0.

The cabbage-leaf water extract can inhibit the germination and seedling growth of three receptor crops.

Cabbage cultivation has been observed to significantly hinder the growth of subsequent crops in the cold, arid regions of Shanxi Province. To investigate the allelopathic effects of cabbage ( L. var.

Antibiotics and benthic fauna diversity affect nitrogen removal and greenhouse gas emissions in constructed wetlands by changing enzyme activity and microbial community.

Antibiotic contamination in wastewater presents substantial ecological risks. However, the effects of antibiotics on nitrogen (N) removal and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in benthic fauna-enhanced constructed wetlands (CWs) remain poorly understood. In this study, 30 CW microcosms were established with three levels of benthic fauna richness (no fauna, three single-species, and one three-species), under conditions with or without sulfonamide antibiotics.

User Satisfaction With Pregnancy Management Apps in Mainland China: User-Generated Content Analysis and Text Mining Study.

Background: China's 3-child policy has increased the demand for scientific and personalized pregnancy health management. The convenience of mobile health has promoted the use of pregnancy management apps among pregnant women. User satisfaction has a significant impact on continued use intention.

Cellulose nanocomposites with stimulus response and targeted recognition function in cancer cells fluorescence imaging and photodynamic process.

Improving the targeting of nanomedicines in cancer diagnosis and treatment can not only greatly enhance the drug efficacy, but also reduce the systemic toxicity of drugs. The design of cellulose-based nanomaterials with targeted recognition and stimulatory response to overexpressed CD44 receptor and glutathione (GSH) in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of cancer cells, respectively, can significantly improve the targeting effect and reduce the biotoxicity due to the two-site recognition effect. Herein, carboxylated nanocellulose as a carrier to covalently graft with disulfide-modified anthocyanin dye molecules (Cyss) to obtain TOCNC-Cyss, and hyaluronic acid (HA) was assembled on the surface of TOCNC-Cyss to construct cellulose-based nanocomposite TOCNC-Cyss@HA (TCH).

Temporal Clonal Tracing and Functional Perturbation Reveal Niche-Adaptive and Tumor-Intrinsic IFNγ Dependencies Driving Ovarian Cancer Metastasis.

Metastasis is an emergent continuum, driven by evolving reciprocal adaptations between continuously disseminating tumor cells (DTCs) and the specialized metastatic niches of distant organs. The interplay between intrinsic and niche-driven mechanisms that enables DTCs to survive and home to distant organs remains incompletely understood. Here, using MetTag, a single-cell barcoding and transcriptome profiling approach with time-stamped batch identifiers (BC.

[18F]F-FAPI PET/CT outperforms [18F]F-FDG PET/CT in predicting treatment response in lupus nephritis.

Purpose: To identify predictors of complete response (CR) following induction therapy in lupus nephritis (LN) and comparatively evaluate the predictive value of baseline [18 F]F-FAPI PET/CT versus [18 F]F-FDG PET/CT for treatment short-term outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Twenty biopsy-proven LN patients were prospectively enrolled and underwent dual-tracer PET/CT imaging, using both [18 F]F-FAPI and [18 F]F-FDG imaging prior to standardized induction therapy. Treatment response was assessed at 6 months, categorizing into CR, partial response (PR), and non-response (NR) groups.

Innovative antifungal strategies to combat drug-resistant : recent advances and clinical implications.

is an invasive fungal pathogen recognized globally as a significant health threat due to its marked resistance to multiple classes of antifungal agents, including azoles, echinocandins, and polyenes. The associated high morbidity and mortality rates present considerable public health challenges. Research efforts have largely focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance and developing alternative therapies to counteract this issue.