Organoids in the research of pancreatic neoplasms: cultivation, applications, and limitations.

Pancreatic neoplasms are mainly classified as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, and pancreatic cystic neoplasms. As a three-dimensional in vitro culture model, organoid technology can faithfully mimic the tissue structure, cell types, and tumor microenvironment, providing an innovative tool for pancreatic neoplasm research. This review systematically summarizes the application progress and challenges of organoid technology in pancreatic neoplasms research.

Empowering Polarization-Independent Fluorescence Enhancement with a C-Symmetry Plasmonic Nanocross Antenna Array.

Conventional bow-tie or dimer gap plasmons with C-symmetry are highly polarization dependent, which is unforvable in practice for unpolarized incident light sources and randomly dispersed fluorescence emitters. A nanocross configuration with C-symmetry could yield polarization-independent fluorescence enhancement, but the severe proximity effect during the nanofabrication process limits the gap size and the ultimate fluorescence enhancement. In this study, an advanced fabrication protocol is developed based on the concentric contour exposure strategy to overcome the notorious proximity effect, realizing a densely packed nanocross array with small gaps that is beyond the limit of conventional area exposure method.

Schiff base formed functional hydrogel dressing via-poly-L-lysine modified chitosan and oxidized dextran with the incorporation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

Hydrogel-based functional dressings for wound healing have garnered increasing attention due to their excellent hydrophilicity, adjustable mechanical properties, and superior biocompatibility. In this study, a composite hydrogel was facilely fabricated through the Schiff base reaction between-poly-L-lysine modified chitosan (CS-PL) and oxidized dextran (Odex). The formed hydrogel displayed the interconnected microstructure (100-200 μm), injectability, and adjustable mechanical properties.

PI(4)P recruits CIDE proteins to promote the formation of unilocular lipid droplets during adipogenesis and hepatic steatosis.

Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that play important roles in metabolism. Each LD is enclosed by a monolayer of phospholipids, distinct from bilayer membranes. The composition of LD surface phospholipids and their impact on LD growth and function remain to be defined.

SPP1 Venous Endothelial Cells and CRABP2 Tumor Cells Contribute to Favorable Body and Tail Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Tumor Microenvironment.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy; however, no validated treatments are currently available. Clinically, the tumor position, head and uncinate process (HU), or body and tail (BT) of the pancreas are vital for surgical strategies; however, fundamental research has seldom revealed the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) among different types of PDAC. Here, we applied multicohort single-cell and spatial RNA-seq methods together with patient-derived organoid models to reveal the TME heterogeneity between HU and BT PDAC.

Feasibility of simplified Patlak parametric imaging with scaled population-based input function on pancreatic cancer.

Background: This study evaluates the feasibility of using a simplified Patlak parametric imaging technique with a scaled population-based input function (sPBIF) in pancreatic cancer.

Methods: Twenty-six patients underwent multi-bed, multi-pass [F]FDG PET/CT scans, from which both dynamic and static PET images were reconstructed. Patlak parametric images were generated from the dynamic PET series using both the image-derived input function (IDIF) and the sPBIF.

Molecular profiling reveals the malignant potential in solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas.

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN) is a rare tumor primarily affecting middle-aged women, typically characterized by indolent behavior but occasionally demonstrating malignant potential through invasive growth and metastasis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving this heterogeneity, a multi-omics approach was applied to analyze paired metastatic lesions, primary tumors, and normal pancreatic tissues. Methylation profiling via the Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC BeadChip identified 2425 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in metastatic versus primary lesions, with 798 DMPs conserved across both lesion types.

Decipher the single-cell level responses to chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by a cross-time context graph model.

Gemcitabine is commonly used for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most lethal cancer types. However, the drug resistance is a critical challenge for improving the PDAC chemotherapy. Here, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on PDAC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to study the complex cellular responses related to the gemcitabine resistances.

Long-term Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm With Synchronous Hepatic Metastasis: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate surgical impact on the overall survival (OS) of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (pNEN) with synchronous hepatic metastases (sHMs).

Methods: A total of 163 pNEN-sHM patients were recruited from 3 institutions in China, who were categorized into 3 groups: no resection, resection of the primary lesion, and resection of both primary and hepatic lesions (PHR). Cox regression was employed to evaluate surgical impact on the OS.

Propensity score-matching analysis of retrograde artery first approach pancreatosplenectomy versus radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy for 'shoulder' pancreatic cancers.

Background: 'Shoulder' pancreatic cancer is a challenging situation owing to its close proximity to the branches of the celiac artery and portal vein (PV). A pioneering study demonstrated the feasibility of retrograde artery first approach pancreatosplenectomy (RAFAPS) in treating 'shoulder' pancreatic cancer. However, comparative studies on this topic are lacking.

Dual-polarization reconfigurable metasurface for broadband vortex beam generation.

Recently, reconfigurable metasurfaces integrated with adaptable devices have demonstrated exceptional dynamic controllability across various applications, garnering considerable attention. However, many reported metasurfaces, particularly those supporting dual-polarization adjustability, exhibit limited broadband electromagnetic performance. To address this limitation, we propose a dual-polarized reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with a distinctive metal layer design.

Novel Ser74 of NF-κB/IκBα phosphorylated by MAPK/ERK regulates temperature adaptation in oysters.

Phosphorylation of Ser32 and Ser36 controls the degradation of IκBα is the conserved cascade mechanisms of immune core signaling pathway, NF-κB pathway in metazoans, but it's response to abiotic stress and the presence of novel phosphorylation mechanisms in other species remain unclear. Herein, we reported a novel heat-induced phosphorylation site (Ser74) at oysters' major IκBα, which independently regulated ubiquitination-proteasome degradation without the requirement of phosphorylation at S32 and S36. And this site was phosphorylated by ERK/MAPK pathway, which then promoted REL nuclear translocation to activate cell survival related genes to defend heat-stress.

PI3K-AKT-mediated phosphorylation of Thr260 in CgCaspase-3/6/7 regulates heat-induced activation in oysters.

Cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) are critical drivers of apoptosis, exhibiting expansion and domain shuffling in mollusks. However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of these caspases remain unclear. In this study, we identified a group of Caspase-3/6/7 in Bivalvia and Gastropoda with a long inter-subunit linker (IL) that inhibits cleavage activation.

Layer-Wise Mutual Information Meta-Learning Network for Few-Shot Segmentation.

The goal of few-shot segmentation (FSS) is to segment unlabeled images belonging to previously unseen classes using only a limited number of labeled images. The main objective is to transfer label information effectively from support images to query images. In this study, we introduce a novel meta-learning framework called layer-wise mutual information (LayerMI), which enhances the propagation of label information by maximizing the mutual information (MI) between support and query features at each layer.

Single-cell RNA-seq reveals heterogeneity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and effect of anti-angiogenesis therapy in the pancreas metastatic lesion.

Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma has heterogenous tumor microenvironment (TME). Among the metastatic lesions, pancreas metastasis is rare and controversy in treatment approaches. Here, extensive primary and metastatic lesion samples were included by single-cell RNA-seq to decipher the distinct metastasis TME.

Learning curve of robotic pancreatoduodenectomy by a single surgeon with extensive laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy experience.

With the development of robotic systems, robotic pancreatoduodenectomies (RPDs) have been increasingly performed. However, the number of cases required by surgeons with extensive laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy (LPD) experience to overcome the learning curve of RPD remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to analyze and explore the impact of different phases of the learning curve of RPD on perioperative outcomes.

MAPK/ERK-PK(Ser11) pathway regulates divergent thermal metabolism of two congeneric oyster species.

Pyruvate kinase (PK), as a key rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis, has been widely used to assess the stress tolerance and sensitivity of organisms. However, its phosphorylation regulatory mechanisms mainly focused on human cancer research, with no reports in marine organisms. In this study, we firstly reported a conserved PK Ser11 phosphorylation site in mollusks, which enhanced enzyme activity by promoting substrate binding, thereby regulating divergent thermal metabolism of two allopatric congeneric oyster species with differential habitat temperature.

Unbiasedly decoding the tumor microenvironment with single-cell multiomics analysis in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Research on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC has propelled the development of immunotherapeutic and targeted therapeutic strategies with a promising future. The emergence of single-cell sequencing and mass spectrometry technologies, coupled with spatial omics, has collectively revealed the heterogeneity of the TME from a multiomics perspective, outlined the development trajectories of cell lineages, and revealed important functions of previously underrated myeloid cells and tumor stroma cells.

Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio Predicts Survival for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm with Associated Invasive Carcinoma of the Pancreas: Results from a High-Volume Center.

Introduction: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is an important precursor lesion of pancreatic cancer. Systemic inflammatory parameters are widely used in the prognosis prediction of cancer; however, their prognostic implications in IPMN with associated invasive carcinoma (IPMN-INV) are unclear. This study aims to explore the prognostic value of systemic inflammatory parameters in patients with IPMN-INV.

Impact of Combined Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy on Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma with Liver Metastasis: A Single-Center Modified Nomogram Analysis.

Objective: To establish a modified nomogram model for pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma (pNEC) patients with liver metastasis via single-center clinical data, and to provide guidelines for improving the diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from pNEC patients with liver metastasis at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (January 2000 to November 2023) was conducted. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS).