Dimethyl fumarate mitigates osteoarthritis progression through Nrf2 activation-mediated suppression of oxidative stress and subchondral osteoclastogenesis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease associated with imbalanced subchondral bone remodeling, and there is currently no curative treatment available. In OA, excessive osteoclast activity leads to bone loss and inflammatory responses. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an Nrf2 activator already used in treating psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, may alleviate OA by suppressing oxidative stress and osteoclastogenesis.

Fucoidan-driven Bacteroides xylanisolvens HS-1 alleviates hyperuricemia by promoting intestinal uric acid excretion via the PPARγ/ABCG2 signaling pathway.

The rising prevalence of hyperuricemia and associated complications present a substantial global health challenge. Fucoidan, a natural sulfate-rich polysaccharide degraded by gut microbiota, is under investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for reducing uric acid levels. However, the precise mechanism underlying its effects remains unclear.

An arbitrary-modal fusion network for volumetric cranial nerves tract segmentation.

The segmentation of cranial nerves (CNs) tract provides a valuable quantitative tool for the analysis of the morphology and trajectory of individual CNs. Multimodal CN segmentation networks, e.g.

SegTom: A 3D Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation Framework for Thoracoabdominal Multi-Organ Anatomical Structures.

Accurate segmentation of thoracoabdominal anatomical structures in three-dimensional medical imaging modalities is fundamental for informed clinical decision-making across a wide array of medical disciplines. Current approaches often struggle to efficiently and comprehensively process this region's intricate and heterogeneous anatomical information, leading to suboptimal outcomes in diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease management. To address this challenge, we introduce SegTom, a novel volumetric segmentation framework equipped with a cutting-edge SegTom Block specifically engineered to effectively capture the complex anatomical representations inherent to the thoracoabdominal region.

SPL and THD improvement of a cantilever-diaphragm piezoelectric MEMS loudspeaker with Double-S actuators.

Piezoelectric MEMS loudspeakers based on cantilever diaphragms have demonstrated promising electroacoustic efficiency and low-frequency sound pressure level (SPL). However, their total harmonic distortion (THD) significantly increases near the first resonant frequency, and high-frequency SPL (above 10 kHz) rapidly decreases due to the resonance frequency and bandwidth limitations, severely affecting sound quality. This work presents a piezoelectric MEMS loudspeaker featuring a 2.

A review of visual perception technology for intelligent fruit harvesting robots.

With the development of smart agriculture, fruit picking robots have attracted widespread attention as one of the key technologies to improve agricultural productivity. Visual perception technology plays a crucial role in fruit picking robots, involving precise fruit identification, localization, and grasping operations. This paper reviews the research progress in the visual perception technology for fruit picking robots, focusing on key technologies such as camera types used in picking robots, object detection techniques, picking point recognition and localization, active vision, and visual servoing.

Mechanistic study of soot reduction in Fe-MOFs modified alcohol-based fuel based on optical experiments and BO-GPR predictive modeling.

This research addresses the soot emission challenges of conventional internal combustion engines by incorporating Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) into alcohol-based fuel. In a constant volume combustion chamber, optical diagnostic methods were employed to examine the spray properties, combustion dynamics, and emission profiles of fuel mixtures with Fe-MOFs concentrations of 20 ppm, 40 ppm, and 60 ppm. Additionally, a BO-GPR algorithm was employed to predict emission outcomes.

Novel chromogenic medium-based method for the rapid detection of drug resistance.

Background: (), a globally prevalent pathogen, is exhibiting increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance. However, clinical implementation of pre-treatment susceptibility testing remains limited due to the organism's fastidious growth requirements and prolonged culture time.

Aim: To propose a novel detection method utilizing antibiotic-supplemented media to inhibit susceptible strains, while resistant isolates were identified through urease-mediated hydrolysis of urea, inducing a phenol red color change for visual confirmation.

Dual-Channel NIR-II Probe for Simultaneous Tracking of Nitric Oxide and Methylglyoxal in Inflammation: Enabling Rapid Drug Efficacy Assessment.

Nitric oxide (NO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) play a vital part in maintaining redox homeostasis, modulating substances, and signal transduction. Fluctuations in these signaling molecules are closely associated with various pathological processes. However, due to the absence of appropriate multifunctional fluorescent sensors, concurrent identification of NO and MGO has not been achieved in inflammatory diseases.

Exploring the effects of altered concentrations of PM and its constituents on the incidence risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and glucose and lipid indicators: a cohort study in Northwestern China.

Background: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and its constituents (SO, NO, NH, OM, BC) is strongly linked to the incidence of diabetes. This study aimed to assess the health benefits of improved air quality on the incidence risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: Data from 19,884 participants in the Jinchang Cohort were analyzed.

A generalizable pathology foundation model using a unified knowledge distillation pretraining framework.

The generalization ability of foundation models in the field of computational pathology (CPath) is crucial for their clinical success. However, current foundation models have only been evaluated on a limited type and number of tasks, leaving their generalization ability unclear. We establish a comprehensive benchmark to evaluate the performance of off-the-shelf foundation models across six distinct clinical task types, encompassing a total of 72 specific tasks.

Identification of plasma lipid metabolism and potential biomarkers in patients with different coronary occlusive acute myocardial infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of death worldwide. We aim to compare the differences in plasma lipid metabolites between AMI patients and normal controls to search for biomarker molecules for AMI with different infarct sites. We enrolled 12 patients in Group A (left coronary artery occlusion), 15 in Group B (right coronary artery occlusion), and 14 in Group C (normal controls) from June 2020 to June 2021.

Rapid discovery of drug-introduced multiple organ dysfunction NIR-II fluorescent imaging.

The precise and rapid monitoring of multiple organ dysfunction is crucial in drug discovery. Traditional methods, such as pathological analysis, are often time-consuming and inefficient. Here, we developed a multiplexed near-infrared window two (NIR-II) fluorescent bioimaging method that allows for real-time, rapid, and quantitative assessment of multiple organ dysfunctions.

The association between the Charlson Comorbidity Index and prognosis in patients with supratentorial spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage following hematoma evacuation.

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) carries high mortality and morbidity. Compared to deep ICH, acute lobar ICH has distinct profiles and poorer early prognosis, frequently associated with non-hypertensive etiologies. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is linked to critical ICH outcomes.

An pH-responsive liposome for the targeted treatment of .

Objectives With the increase of () drug resistance, it is increasingly difficult to cure fundamentally. Frequent and excessive use of antibiotics can lead to disturbances in the intestinal flora and even inflammatory bowel disease, so new drugs are urgently needed. Luteolin (LUT) has been found to have antimicrobial effects, but its water solubility is very low, and the antimicrobial effect is not ideal.

Towards Semantically Faithful Diffusion Representation for Generalizable Retinal Image Segmentation.

Retinal image segmentation is essential for analyzing retinal structures like vessels and diagnosing retinopathy. However, the inherent intricacy of the retina, along with annotation scarcity and data heterogeneity, presents prevalent challenges in creating accurate and generalizable deep learning models. Diffusion models, while initially developed for image generation, have recently shown great promise for visual perception by leveraging the learned internal representations.

Recent Advances in Peptide Linkers of Antibody-Drug Conjugates.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising class of cancer therapeutics. This innovative molecular design perfectly integrates the targeting and extended half-life of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of small molecules, enabling the selective delivery of payloads to cancer cells. The linker molecule is crucial to the efficacy of an ADC.

U-FISH: a fluorescent spot detector for imaging-based spatial-omics analysis and AI-assisted FISH diagnosis.

Imaging-based spatial-omics advances biomedical discoveries with subcellular resolution and high sensitivity, but accurately identifying signal spots from diverse images remains challenging. We develop U-FISH, a deep learning method that enhances images for consistent spot detection across various spatial-omics data. We establish a comprehensive FISH image dataset from seven spatial-omics methods.

Daidzin Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Regulating FoxO1 Expression to Alleviate Osteoarthritis Progression.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and chondrocyte apoptosis are recognized as critical pathological factors in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Daidzin (DDZ), an isoflavone derived from soybean, exhibits antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. This research seeks to investigate the therapeutic potential and primary mechanisms of Daidzin using a murine Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus instability model and a TBHP-induced in vitro OA chondrocyte model.

Microdroplet Mass Spectrometry Enables Rapid and Sensitive Measurement of Glucose Homeostasis for Elucidating Mechanism of Drug Action.

Microdroplet chemistry has recently gained much attention, as reactions can be greatly accelerated in microdroplets. This study reports its first application in pharmaceutical bioanalysis settings to measure glucose homeostasis with unprecedented speed and sensitivity. Quantifying metabolic flux is critical for understanding drug action, but traditional isotope kinetic assays face challenges including the need of lengthy sample preparation and using radioactive tracers.

Positive relative accommodation is an independent risk factor for myopia onset: a prospective cohort study among chinese primary schoolchildren, the WEPrOM study.

Purpose: To identify independent risk factors for myopia onset in schoolchildren, with a focus on binocular visual function.

Methods: We conducted a school-based prospective cohort study in Wenzhou, China. Schoolchildren in grades 2 and 3 were recruited in 2014 and followed until graduation at grade 6.

Surgical robot-guided unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty: anatomical features and clinical efficacy of a modified transverse process-pedicle approach.

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the anatomical feasibility and the clinical efficacy of robot-assisted unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) via the extreme lateral transverse process-pedicle approach (ETPA) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Researchers analyzed 1000 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) from 200 patients and simulated PKP via the ETPA using 3D-CT imaging. The distance between the entry point and the midline of the vertebral body (DEM), the puncture inclination angle (PIA), the safe range of the puncture inclination angles (SRP), the success rate (SR) of puncture, sagittal inclination angle (SIA), and the safe range of the sagittal inclination angle (SRS) were measured and compared.

Salvianolic Acid B and Ginsenoside Rg1 Combination Attenuates Cerebral Edema Accompanying Glymphatic Modulation.

Cerebral edema is characterized by fluid accumulation, and the glymphatic system (GS) plays a pivotal role in regulating fluid transport. Using the Tenecteplase system, magnesium salt of salvianolic acid B/ginsenoside Rg1 (SalB/Rg1) was injected intravenously into mice 4.5 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and once every 24 h for the following 72 h.

Food Image Recognition Based on Anti-Noise Learning and Covariance Feature Enhancement.

Food image recognition is a key research area in food computing, with applications in dietary assessment, menu analysis, and nutrition monitoring. However, imaging devices and environmental factors introduce noise, limiting classification performance. To address this, we propose a food image recognition method based on anti-noise learning and covariance feature enhancement.