Dual-Channel NIR-II Probe for Simultaneous Tracking of Nitric Oxide and Methylglyoxal in Inflammation: Enabling Rapid Drug Efficacy Assessment.

Nitric oxide (NO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) play a vital part in maintaining redox homeostasis, modulating substances, and signal transduction. Fluctuations in these signaling molecules are closely associated with various pathological processes. However, due to the absence of appropriate multifunctional fluorescent sensors, concurrent identification of NO and MGO has not been achieved in inflammatory diseases.

Genome-Wide Mining of Chitinase Diversity in the Marine Diatom and Functional Characterization of a Novel GH19 Enzyme.

Chitin represents a globally abundant marine polymer with significant ecological and biotechnological value. β-chitin is an important carbon fixation product of diatoms and has a greater range of applications than α- and γ-chitin. However, there has been a paucity of research on the characterization of chitin-related enzymes from β-chitin producers.

Effects of on physiology and metabolism of in the co-culture system.

Unlabelled: Diatoms are crucial primary producers in the marine environment, and their interactions with bacteria exert an important role in the ecosystem. There has been scarce research exploring how diatoms adapt to algal-bacterial environments. In this study, we investigated the physiological and transcriptional distinctions of when grown alone (axenic) and with the bacteria (co-culture).

Isolation and characterization of glutathione S-transferase genes and their transcripts in Saccharina japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) during development and under abiotic stress.

Background: Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a crucial enzyme for metabolism, detoxification, and stress resistance in organisms. Many GSTs have been identified in seaweeds, but the isolation and functional analysis of GSTs in Saccharina japonica have not been completed.

Result: In this study, a total of 32 SjGST genes, localized on 10 scaffolds and 6 contigs, were identified and categorized into three groups.

Novel Chitin Deacetylase from Highlights the Potential for Chitin Derivative Production.

β-Chitin is an important carbon fixation product of diatoms, and is the most abundant nitrogen-containing polysaccharide in the ocean. It has potential for widespread application, but the characterization of chitin-related enzymes from β-chitin producers has rarely been reported. In this study, a chitin deacetylase (TwCDA) was retrieved from the Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP) database and was heterologously expressed in vitro for functional analysis.

Enhanced profiling and quantification of ginsenosides from mountain-cultivated ginseng and comparison with garden-cultivated ginseng.

Panax ginseng can be generally divided into mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG) and garden-cultivated ginseng (GCG). The market price of MCG is significantly higher than that of GCG. However, the chemical compositions of MCG and the differences from GCG remained unclear.

An enhanced strategy integrating offline two-dimensional separation with data independent acquisition mode and deconvolution: Characterization of metabolites of Uncaria rhynchophylla in rat plasma as a case.

The importance to clarify the drug metabolites is beyond doubt in view of their potential efficacy and safety. However, due to the complex matrix interference, relatively low content and the co-eluting effect, it is of a great challenge to comprehensively and systematically characterize the metabolites in vivo, especially for the traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) due to the numerous types of components. In the present study, a comprehensive off-line two-dimensional separation system combining with data independent acquisition (DIA) mode and multi-dimensional data deconvolution method was established for chromatographic separation, data acquisition and data procession of indole alkaloids in rat plasma after intragastrically administrated with the extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla at the dose of 1 g/kg.

A strategy for practical authentication of medicinal plants in traditional Chinese medicine prescription, paeony root in ShaoYao-GanCao decoction as a case study.

Authentication of Chinese medicine materials in prescriptions is extremely difficult due to the complicated chemical matrix. A strategy integrating in-depth profiling, chemical marker selection, and selected detection was established and exemplarily applied to authenticate paeony root in ShaoYao-GanCao decoction. First, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography/linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap method was developed to probe the chemical compositions of the decoction.