Microdroplet Mass Spectrometry Enables Rapid and Sensitive Measurement of Glucose Homeostasis for Elucidating Mechanism of Drug Action.

Microdroplet chemistry has recently gained much attention, as reactions can be greatly accelerated in microdroplets. This study reports its first application in pharmaceutical bioanalysis settings to measure glucose homeostasis with unprecedented speed and sensitivity. Quantifying metabolic flux is critical for understanding drug action, but traditional isotope kinetic assays face challenges including the need of lengthy sample preparation and using radioactive tracers.

Hydroxytyrosol induced ferroptosis through Nrf2 signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cells.

In recent years, the incidence of colorectal cancer is still on the rise. The killing of tumor cells through chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy is the mainstay of clinical anticolorectal cancer therapy, but is limited by drug and radiation resistance of tumor cells. Ferroptosis, a novel mode of programmed cell death, plays an important role in antitumor therapy.

Efficacy of multi-cycle Efgartigimod in achieving minimal symptom expression in myasthenia gravis: A comparative multi-center study.

Objectives: Efgartigimod has been approved as an effective and safe treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG). However, real-world experience on multi-cycle efgartigimod treatment and its comparison with Standard of Care (SoC) remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate minimal symptom expression (MSE) as the treatment goal and compared the proportion and time to achieving it between two groups.

Quantifying protein kinetics in vivo: influence of precursor dynamics on product labeling.

Protein kinetics can be quantified by coupling stable isotope tracer methods with mass spectrometry readouts; however, interconnected decision points in the experimental design affect the complexity of the workflow and impact data interpretations. For example, choosing between a single bolus (pulse-chase) or a continuous exposure protocol influences subsequent decisions regarding when to measure and how to model the temporal labeling of a target protein. Herein, we examine the merits of in vivo tracer protocols, and we direct attention toward stable isotope tracer experiments that rely on administering a single bolus since these are generally more practical to use as compared with continuous administration protocols.

C-Reactive Protein Is Not the Driver Factor in Ulcerative Colitis.

: C-reactive protein (CRP) functions as a nonspecific marker in various inflammatory disorders, particularly in evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological treatments in patients with ulcerative colitis. The existing body of evidence does not offer adequate support for the direct implication of CRP in modulating the advancement of ulcerative colitis. : Our study employed a rigorous mouse model.

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by β-FeOOH@C-MoS for enhancing degradation of tetracycline: Significant roles of surface functional groups and Fe/Mo redox reactions.

Vertically oriented interstitial atom carbon-anchored molybdenum disulfide (C-MoS) nanospheres loaded with iron oxyhydroxide (β-FeOOH) were proposed for modulating the surface catalytic activity and stability of the unsaturated catalytic system. The β-FeOOH@C-MoS efficiently activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade 95.4% of tetracycline (TC) within 30 min, owing to the more sulfur vacancies, higher surface hydroxyl density, redox ability and electronic transmission rate of β-FeOOH@C-MoS.

C-reactive protein: structure, function, regulation, and role in clinical diseases.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a plasma protein that is evolutionarily conserved, found in both vertebrates and many invertebrates. It is a member of the pentraxin superfamily, characterized by its pentameric structure and calcium-dependent binding to ligands like phosphocholine (PC). In humans and various other species, the plasma concentration of this protein is markedly elevated during inflammatory conditions, establishing it as a prototypical acute phase protein that plays a role in innate immune responses.

Causal relationships between gut microbiota and dementia: A two-sample, bidirectional, Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Existing evidence suggests that gut microbiota represent a significant environmental risk factor for various forms of dementia, including Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia, and dementia in other diseases classified elsewhere. However, the exact causal relationships between gut microbiota and the different forms of dementia or their subtypes remain unclear.

Aim: To investigate putative causal relationships between gut microbiota and dementia or its subtypes using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Volatilomics-Based Discovery of Key Volatiles Affecting Flavor Quality in Tomato.

Volatile accumulation during tomato ripening greatly affects the fruit flavor. In this study, four accessions from each of the three tomato subgroups (BIG, , CER, , and PIM, ) were subjected to a sensory evaluation. The CER subgroup had the highest fruit-flavor score.

Discovery and multimerization of cross-reactive single-domain antibodies against SARS-like viruses to enhance potency and address emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Coronaviruses have been the causative agent of three epidemics and pandemics in the past two decades, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. A broadly-neutralizing coronavirus therapeutic is desirable not only to prevent and treat COVID-19, but also to provide protection for high-risk populations against future emergent coronaviruses. As all coronaviruses use spike proteins on the viral surface to enter the host cells, and these spike proteins share sequence and structural homology, we set out to discover cross-reactive biologic agents targeting the spike protein to block viral entry.

Widely Targeted Volatilomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveal the Metabolic Composition and Diversity of Zingiberaceae Plants.

Zingiberaceae plants are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries; however, research on the chemical composition and interspecific differences in the metabolome and volatilome of Zingiberaceae plants is still limited. In this study, seven species of Zingiberaceae plants were selected, including L., Rosc.

Preliminary evidence for developing safe and efficient fecal microbiota transplantation as potential treatment for aged related cognitive impairments.

Background: Recent studies have reported that gut microbiota is closely associated with cognitive fuction. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may be a potential treatment for cognitive impairment, but its efficacy in patients with cognitive impairment is unknown.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of FMT for cognitive impairment treatment.

Hemichorea Associated With Nonketotic Hyperglycemia.

Context: Hemichorea associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia (HC-NH) is a rare diabetic complication for which the pathogenesis remains unclear.

Objective: This study reported 16 cases of HC-NH to improve the understanding of the disease and avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Methods: Data of 16 patients with HC-NH in a single center from 2000 to 2021 were analyzed retrospectively, and the relevant literature was reviewed.

Identification of Key Aromatic Compounds in Basil ( L.) Using Sensory Evaluation, Metabolomics and Volatilomics Analysis.

Basil (Ocimum L.) is widely used as a flavor ingredient, however research on basil flavor is limited. In the current study, nine basil species were selected, including Ocimum basilicum L.

Differential Inhibite Effect of Xanthohumol on HepG2 Cells and Primary Hepatocytes.

Xanthohumol (XN) is the major prenylated chalcone of the female inflorescences (cone) of the hop plant (). It is also a constituent of beer, the major dietary source of prenylated flavonoids. It has shown strong antitumorigenic activity towards various types of cancer cells.

Comparative Metabolomics Reveals Key Determinants in the Flavor and Nutritional Value of Coconut by HS-SPME/GC-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS.

Coconut is a tropical fruit whose flesh has high flavor quality and nutritional value; however, the differences between coconut varieties are still unclear. Here, volatiles and non-volatiles were profiled at three ripening stages by HS-SPME/GC-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS in two coconut varieties (Hainan Tall, HT and Green Dwarf, GD). Four metabolite classes of volatiles were associated with good aroma including hydrocarbons, benzenoids, alcohols and esters, and these volatiles were generally higher in GD, especially at 7 and 9 months of coconut growth.

Identification of a distal enhancer that determines the expression pattern of acute phase marker C-reactive protein.

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a major acute phase protein and inflammatory marker, the expression of which is largely liver specific and highly inducible. Enhancers are regulatory elements critical for the precise activation of gene expression, yet the contributions of enhancers to the expression pattern of CRP have not been well defined. Here, we identify a constitutively active enhancer (E1) located 37.

The Effect of Long-Term or Repeated Use of Antibiotics in Children and Adolescents on Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Person(s) Adults: A Cohort Study.

Objectives: We evaluated the effects of long-term/recurrent use of antibiotics in childhood on developing cognitive impairment in middle and old age from UK Biobank Database.

Methods: UK Biobank recruited participants aged 37-73 years. Cognitive impairment was ascertained by fluid intelligence questionnaire.

Radiotherapy-Related Neurologic Complications in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Multicenter Epidemiologic Study in Southern China.

Background: We aim at describing the incidence, potential predisposing factors, and progression of major radiotherapy-related neurologic complications (RRNC) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)-endemic regions, especially southern China.

Methods: We performed a multicenter longitudinal retrospective study with clinical follow-ups in 22,302 patients with post-radiotherapy NPC between January 2003 and June 2017 covering three major residential areas. Epidemiology, potential predisposing/protective factors, clinicopathologic progression, and survival conditions of each RRNC were separately recorded and analyzed on the basis of their related clinical, radiologic, and laboratory parameters.

Functionally selective signaling and broad metabolic benefits by novel insulin receptor partial agonists.

Insulin analogs have been developed to treat diabetes with focus primarily on improving the time action profile without affecting ligand-receptor interaction or functional selectivity. As a result, inherent liabilities (e.g.

Unsupervised Data Mining and Effect of Fast Rehabilitation Nursing Intervention in Fracture Surgery.

At present, the most commonly used surgical treatment for fractures caused by external force injury is clinical, and unsupervised data mining is more advantageous in the face of the unknown format of perioperative network data. Therefore, this research aims to explore the application effect of unsupervised data mining in the concept of rapid rehabilitation nursing intervention after fracture surgery. 80 patients who underwent fracture surgery in the Department of Orthopedics of XXX Hospital were determined as the subjects, who were rolled into a research group (group R, 40 cases) and a control group (group C, 40 cases) by drawing lots.

Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Training Program in Orthopedic Nursing of Patients with Residual Limb Injury Caused by Crush.

This study was developed to explore the role and application value of a comprehensive rehabilitation training (CRT) program based on the remote monitoring system of limb rehabilitation training (LRT-RM system) in the rehabilitation nursing of patients with residual limb injuries caused by crush. The LRT-RM system was constructed based on the characteristics of limb movement and using the time-domain analysis method and support vector machine (SVM). The 84 crush injury patients were selected as the research objects and divided into a control group (Con group, received conventional rehabilitation therapy) and a CRT group (received conventional rehabilitation therapy + functional training) according to different therapies, with 42 people in each group.

Development of a widely targeted volatilomics method for profiling volatilomes in plants.

Volatile organic compounds play essential roles in plant environment interactions as well as determining the fragrance of plants. Although gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics is commonly used to assess plant volatiles, it suffers from high spectral convolution, low detection sensitivity, a limited number of annotated metabolites, and relatively poor reproducibility. Here, we report a widely targeted volatilomics (WTV) method that involves using a "targeted spectra extraction" algorithm to address spectral convolution, constructing a high-coverage MS spectral tag library to expand volatile annotation, adapting a multiple reaction monitoring mode to improve sensitivity, and using regression models to adjust for signal drift.

DNA Methylation Signature of Epileptic Encephalopathy-Related Pathogenic Genes Encoding Ion Channels in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Epilepsy is characterized by highly abnormal synchronous discharge of brain neurons, and ion channels are fundamental in the generation and modulation of neural excitability. Considering that abnormal methylation can either activate or repress genes, this study was designed to explore the DNA methylation signature of pathogenic genes encoding ion channels in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In total, 38 TLE patients and 38 healthy controls were enrolled in the study, and genomic DNA and total protein of the lymphocytes were extracted from peripheral blood samples to assess methylation and protein levels.