Impact of sodium butyrate on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in zebrafish.

Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid produced by intestinal bacteria during the fermentation of dietary fibers and has shown potential in modulating inflammatory responses. Herein, we investigated how sodium butyrate exerts dual, dose-dependent regulation of innate immunity using the zebrafish model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. Our results demonstrated that at low concentrations (3 mM), sodium butyrate suppressed LPS-driven pro-inflammatory mediators (il1β, cebpβ, irg1l) while restoring anti-inflammatory and tissue-repair genes (lyz, il8, elf3).

Multifunctional Binding Interface Drives Near-Unity CO Selectivity in Acidic CO Electrolysis.

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO) reduction is challenged by the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) especially in acidic media. Here, we elaborate that redox-active isoindigo, acting as a multifunctional co-catalyst, can pre-activate CO-bound intermediates and suppress HER upon the synergistic effects of Lewis acid-base adduct formation, intramolecular hydrogen-bond interaction, and interfacial water structure modulation. Modifying a silver catalyst with isoindigo substantially decreases the energy barrier for CO-to-*COOH conversion, which is regarded as the potential-limiting step of carbon monoxide production.

Microglia-derived exosomes modulate myelin regeneration via activating Nrf2 signaling pathway in oligodendrocyte precursor cells in MS.

Demyelination is a prominent feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), where the ability of damaged areas to regenerate myelin is limited. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) accumulate in these areas but struggle to mature into oligodendrocytes (OLGs). Microglia also gather at the lesion site, but their impact on OPCs differentiation is not well understood.

Evaluating the potential of GSPT2 and CIRBP as biomarkers in endometrial cancer: Multicenter RT-PCR and IHC study.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is a prevalent gynecological malignancy that imposes significant health and economic burden on women worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of G1 to S phase transition 2 (GSPT2) and cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) in endometrial cancer tissues relative to normal endometrial tissues and to evaluate their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. We conducted a prospective analysis involving RNA extraction, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess gene expression and protein localization.

Identification of plasma lipid metabolism and potential biomarkers in patients with different coronary occlusive acute myocardial infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of death worldwide. We aim to compare the differences in plasma lipid metabolites between AMI patients and normal controls to search for biomarker molecules for AMI with different infarct sites. We enrolled 12 patients in Group A (left coronary artery occlusion), 15 in Group B (right coronary artery occlusion), and 14 in Group C (normal controls) from June 2020 to June 2021.

A Shape-Recovery Polycationic Fibroin for Hemostasis-Regeneration Transition by Recapitulating Natural Coagulation Networks.

Large-scale and deep trauma restricts the effective hemostasis and tissue regeneration management, even causing death. The formation of the fibrin network is the initial stage of wound control. Inspired by Fn's characteristics during coagulation, an artificial polycationic fibroin (pCSF/β) is designed to achieve hemostasis-regeneration transition.

Failure of femoral internal fixation device secondary to phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor: a case report and literature review.

Background: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome caused by mesenchymal tumors that secrete fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a novel histopathologic entity that has been identified as a separate cause of TIO. Clinically, PMT is typically diagnosed late due to its rarity.

The association between the BRI and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in COPD patients.

Objective: Waist circumference (WC) has been linked to exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the relationship between WC, height, and the Body Roundness Index (BRI) with mortality in COPD patients remains unclear. This study investigates the association between BRI and both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in COPD patients.

Methods: Data from 3,672 COPD participants (1,517 men and 2,155 women; mean age: 53.

A hydrogel-based nanoparticles sustained-release system selectively targeting pro-inflammatory microglia for spinal cord injury repair.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in irreversible neurological deficits, primarily due to chronic neuroinflammation driven by activated proinflammatory microglia. Effective therapeutic interventions require both precise targeting of pathological immune cells and sustained modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment. Here, we present a cell specific, hydrogel-based nanoparticle system (MG1-MM@Candesartan-Gel) designed for the selective and prolonged delivery of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonist Candesartan to proinflammatory microglia.

Implantable electrical stimulation device enhances pelvic floor tissue repair and reduces collagen over-degradation in rats with stress urinary incontinence.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) significantly impacts the quality of life of many elderly women. However, current treatment options have limited efficacy. In our previous research, we demonstrated that a novel miniature, wireless implantable electrical stimulation device (NuStim) is capable of improving the leak point pressure in a rat model of postpartum SUI.

Viral Inactivation by Light-Emitting Diodes: Action Spectra Reveal Genomic Damage as the Primary Mechanism.

Irradiation with ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) represents a promising method for viral inactivation, but a detailed understanding of the wavelength-dependent action spectra remains limited, particularly across different viral components. In this study, we established standardized UV action spectra for infectivity reduction in pathogenic viruses using a system equipped with interchangeable LEDs at 13 different peak wavelengths (250-365 nm). The reduction in viral infectivity induced by UV-LED exposure was strongly related to viral genome damage, whereas no significant degradation of viral structural proteins was detected.

Association between osteoporosis and rotator cuff tears: evidence from causal inference and colocalization analyses.

Osteoporosis is a known risk factor for rotator cuff tears (RCTs), but the causal correlation and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the impact of osteoporosis on RCT risk and investigate their genetic associations. Using data from the UK Biobank (n = 457 871), cross-sectional analyses demonstrated that osteoporosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of RCTs (adjusted OR [95% CI] = 1.

A longitudinal study of post-traumatic growth and rumination in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: A parallel process latent growth curve modelling approach.

Objective: To examine the longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic growth (PTG) and event-related rumination among patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and to explore the dynamic associations between intrusive/deliberate rumination and PTG using a parallel process latent growth curve model.

Methods: A total of 195 CAPD patients were followed over a 12-month period with assessments at four time points (baseline, 2nd, 6th, and 12th month). PTG and rumination were measured using the Chinese versions of the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and the Event-Related Rumination Inventory.

DNA Methylation-Activated LaCOMT1 Expression Promotes Cluster Root Formation of White Lupin via a Mechanism Involving the Melatonin Synthesis.

White lupin exhibits remarkable adaptability to phosphorus (P)-deficient soil through the development of cluster roots (CR), thereby enhancing P use sufficiency. Despite its crucial role, the underlying mechanism governing CR formation remains elusive. Here, we reveal an elevated DNA methylation level through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing in CR in response to P deficiency, particularly in gene and flanking regions, suggesting a responsive epigenetic mechanism.

Photoactivatable RNA Tags for Subcellular Photolabeling of RNA.

Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins enable precise analysis of subcellular protein dynamics, but a comparable approach for photoactivated tagging subcellular RNA remains lacking. Here, we develop PA-Broccoli, a photoactivatable fluorescent RNA tag that mimics photoactivatable green fluorescent proteins (PA-GFP). Similar to PA-GFP, PA-Broccoli is initially nonfluorescent but emits intense green fluorescence after ultraviolet light irradiation.

Dexmedetomidine administration is associated with a reduced risk of ICU mortality in critically ill patients with ischemic stroke.

Background: Although the administration of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in intensive care unit (ICU) is rapidly increasing, its potential impact on critically ill patients with ischemic stroke has not yet been explored.

Methods: Patient data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV 3.0) database to identify patients who received DEX and those who did not.

Tegoprazan-based versus esomeprazole-based triple therapy plus bismuth for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: A nationwide, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized controlled trial.

Background: Although triple therapy plus bismuth (TTPB), comprising a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), two antibiotics, and bismuth, is widely used to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), eradication rates have been suboptimal. Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) offer stronger and more stable gastric acid inhibition compared to PPIs.

Bioremediation of cadmium-phoxim co-contamination by an autochthonous pollutant-resistant consortium enhances Ligusticum Chuanxiong Hort. resistance.

Prominent cadmium (Cd) pollution and widespread phoxim (pH) use hinder the growth and medicinal value of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuanxiong). While bioremediation by rhizobacteria helps plants counter pollutants, the specific roles of indigenous resistant consortia collected from polluted soils in immobilizing heavy metals, degrading pesticides, and enhancing plant stress tolerance remain insufficiently explored.

Contributions of the elderly to the transmission of HIV/AIDS in China.

In recent years, the number of HIV/AIDS cases shows an upward trend in China, particularly among the elderly, exerting severe effects on public health and social economy. This paper proposes an HIV/AIDS model incorporating sexual transmission and age structure to study the influence of the elderly on HIV/AIDS spread. Theoretically, the explicit expression for the basic reproduction number is obtained, the globally asymptotically stability of disease-free equilibrium and existence and uniqueness of boundary equilibrium are proved.

Combined Biologics and Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Promote Early Transmural Healing and Improve Long-Term Outcomes in Crohn's Disease: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Transmural healing (TH), a comprehensive therapeutic target in Crohn's disease (CD), is associated with reduced long-term complications. However, evidence on the role of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in TH remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biologics combined with 16-week EEN in achieving early TH and improving clinical outcomes.

Multifunctional Hydrogel Materials for Advanced Neural Interfaces.

Conventional rigid neural electrodes mismatch the soft, wet nature of neural tissue, hindering long-term stable interfaces. Multifunctional hydrogels, with their tissue-like compliance, ionic conductivity, and biocompatibility, offer a promising solution to bridge bioelectronic systems and neural tissues. This review systematically examines critical hydrogel properties-mechanical compliance, adhesion, biocompatibility, conductivity, and injectability-for neural interfacing.

Global biogeography of the soil carbon/nitrogen imbalance in topsoil.

The mismatch between microorganisms' soil carbon (C)-nitrogen (N) stoichiometry and the C/N resource imbalance plays an important role in global nutrient biogeochemistry. The biogeographic patterns of the soil C/N imbalance hold fundamental importance for unravelling the mechanisms underlying soil nutrient cycling. The data for this research came from 793 sampling locations across 13 major biomes.

Actively Infiltrative Micro/Nanochannels Propel Cell Migration-to-Mechanoactivation Transition for Centralized Osteogenesis.

The insufficient cellular infiltration and cell activity are the main challenges for bone regeneration in the central region. Here, actively infiltrative micro/nanochannels were engineered within the filaments of 3D printed scaffolds using supercritical CO foaming and particles leaching. This structure facilitated cell and protein migration, enabling deep infiltration within the filaments.

Primary Cutaneous CD4+ Small/Medium-Sized T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 40 Adult Patients.

Primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium-sized T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (CD4+ PCSM-LPD) is distinguished from other peripheral T-cell lymphomas, particularly multifocal variants, by its indolent clinical behavior and favorable prognosis. Recent studies have suggested a T follicular helper (TFH) cell origin for these lesions; however, further studies are warranted to substantiate this hypothesis and clarify their pathogenesis. A retrospective review was conducted of all adult cases of CD4+ PCSM-LPD diagnosed at Weill Cornell Medicine between 2018 and 2024.

FGF15/FGFR4 signaling suppresses M1 macrophage polarization and multi-organ inflammation in septic mice by inhibiting H3K18 lactylation-driven Irf7 expression through NF2-Hippo activation.

M1 macrophage polarization plays a key role in the onset and progression of sepsis. Fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) suppresses septic inflammation through its FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4); however, the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of recombinant FGF15 (rFGF15) in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice in vivo, as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and RAW264.