Gut microbiota and metabolites related intra-patient variability of tacrolimus pharmacokinetics predicted adverse one-year outcomes following kidney transplantation.

Kidney transplantation (KT) is an effective treatment for end-stage renal disease, with over 90 % of recipients requiring lifelong tacrolimus (Tac). However, The Tac pharmacokinetics exhibit high intra-patient variability (IPV), posing significant challenges. This study included 102 KT recipients at our center from October 2022 to December 2023.

Epidemiological investigation of porcine in pig herds in Guangxi, China (2022-2023) and genetic diversity analysis based on multilocus sequence typing.

Introduction: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) infection significantly challenges Guangxi's pig farms, yet its prevalence and molecular characteristics remain poorly understood. This study aimed to define circulating Mhp genotypes and their distribution in the region.

Methods: From 2022-2023, 1,362 pig lung samples were randomly collected from 14 Guangxi regions.

Dual-Functional GeSe-Se Coselenization Enabling Synergistic Defect-Interface Engineering for High-Efficiency Electrodeposited Flexible CZTSe Solar Cells.

Flexible CuZnSnSe (CZTSe) solar cells hold great potential for low-cost green fabrication and portable applications, yet electrodeposited devices suffer from low efficiency (∼6% vs 12.84% for solution-processed ones), primarily due to defect-induced nonradiative recombination and carrier loss at back interfaces. Herein, a dual-functional GeSe-Se coselenization strategy is proposed to simultaneously achieve defect regulation and back-interface engineering.

Mechanisms of hepatic dysfunction in Nile tilapia ( ) fed a high-fava bean ( L.) diet.

Fava bean is currently utilized as a specialized feed ingredient to enhance the muscle texture of fish. When incorporated at appropriate levels, fava beans can improve fish muscle crispy texture. However, high dietary levels of fava beans may lead to liver damage in fish, although the specific mechanisms behind this effect remain unclear.

Exposure assessment for air-to-skin uptake of traditional and emerging organophosphate flame retardants.

Human exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) via direct air-to-skin uptake that may be comparable to or even exceed inhalation. Previous studies have mainly focused on traditional OPFRs (tOPFRs) without sufficient attentions to emerging OPFRs (eOPFRs), such as isopropylated or tert-butylated triaryl phosphate ester isomers (ITPs or TBPPs). This study aims to further explore the transport of both OPFRs through the skin, specifically the stratum corneum (SC).

Plant-derived hydrogel and photosynthetic nano-units for myocardial infarction therapy.

Ischemic injury and reperfusion injury collectively determine the total infarct size, a major prognostic factor following myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, addressing both ischemic and reperfusion stages could substantially reduce infarct size and improve clinical outcomes. In this study, we develop a two-component therapeutic system from different parts of Glycyrrhiza: a functional hydrogel made from glycyrrhizic acid extracted from the stem and root, and nanosized chloroplast units (NCUs) derived from leaves.

Dietary succinic acid mitigates adverse effects of starch high-starch diet in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) through gut-liver axis modulation.

A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of succinic acid (SUA) supplementation in high-starch diets (HSD) on growth and enterohepatic health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; initial weight 11.96 ± 0.71 g).

[Research progress in the fungal bioluminescence pathway].

The fungal bioluminescence pathway (FBP) catalyzes the oxidation of endogenous caffeic acid to produce green bioluminescence through an enzymatic cascade. Genetic engineering of FBP into plants creates autoluminescent specimens that circumvent the substrate limitations of conventional reporter systems. These transgenic plants serve dual functions as aesthetic displays and versatile biosensing platforms, enabling applications in real-time gene expression monitoring, continuous environmental surveillance, and non-invasive bioimaging, offering novel opportunities for horticultural production, environmental conservation, and bioengineering applications.

Microneedle Delivery of Small Extracellular Vesicles From Young Blood to Treat Endothelial Senescence.

Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in mediating communication between different cell populations and organs, significantly influencing inflammation and vascular diseases. To evaluate the role of EVs in regulating senescence, small EVs isolated from umbilical cord plasma (young sEVs, Y-sEVs) are compared with those from the plasma of elderly individuals (old sEVs, O-sEVs, >70 years old) to identify key cargo components. To investigate their effects on senescence, Y-sEVs or O-sEVs are administered to aged mice using transdermal microneedle patches, enabling sustained EV release into the circulation.

The role of adenoid hypertrophy in obstructive sleep apnea outcomes post-mandibular distraction osteogenesis in patients with craniofacial microsomia.

Study Objectives: Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is recommended for children with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, its efficacy remains limited, with success rates of 36.4%-60%.

Extracellular Vesicles for Clinical Diagnostics: From Bulk Measurements to Single-Vesicle Analysis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication, signaling pathways, and disease pathogenesis by transporting biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids derived from their cells of origin, and they have demonstrated substantial potential in clinical applications. Their clinical significance underscores the need for sensitive methods to fully harness their diagnostic potential. In this comprehensive review, we explore EV heterogeneity related to biogenesis, structure, content, origin, sample type, and function roles; the use of EVs as disease biomarkers; and the evolving landscape of EV measurement for clinical diagnostics, highlighting the progression from bulk measurement to single vesicle analysis.

Life Cycle Emissions and Driving Forces of Air Pollutants and CO from Refractory Manufacturing Industry in China Based on LMDI Model.

China is the world's largest supplier of raw materials and is a major consumer of refractories. The environmental damage that results from the use of refractories has drawn increasing attention. Life cycle emissions of air pollutants and CO associated with the refractory manufacturing industry between 2009 and 2021 were quantified in this study.

Steroid receptor coactivator-1 facilitates METTL3-mediated m6A modification by coactivating NF-κB and promotes the malignant progression of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an incurable disease with a poor prognosis. However, the potential impact of steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification and its role in promoting malignant progression in GBM remain unclear. The relationship between SRC-1 and the m6A "writer" protein, methyltransferase 3 (METTL3), was analyzed using data from the CGGA database.

Prediction of postoperative infection through early-stage salivary microbiota following kidney transplantation using machine learning techniques.

Kidney transplantation (KT) is an effective treatment for end-stage renal disease; however, the lifelong immunosuppressive regimen increases the risk of infection, presenting significant clinical, and economic challenges. Identifying predictive biomarkers for infection onset is critical. In this study, 122 postoperative saliva samples from 39 KT recipients were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing, with 16 developing infections within one year.

Extracellular vesicle-encapsulated microRNA signatures of cigarette smoking and smoking-related harm.

Background: The health effects of smoking vary substantially between individuals. Novel strategies are needed to identify individuals with increased risk of smoking-related morbidity. Extracellular vesicle-encapsulated microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) may be viable biomarkers of smoking-related harm.

An artificial intelligence enhanced coaching mode.

Surgical coaching has emerged as an innovative educational strategy designed to enhance both the technical and non-technical competencies of surgeons through structured, individualized feedback. As minimally invasive surgical techniques continue to proliferate, video-based coaching has proven effective for skill refinement. However, its broader implementation remains limited due to a shortage of expert coaches and the labor-intensive nature of video review.

Smart Materials and Devices for Enhanced Delivery of Extracellular Vesicles.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicle-like structures secreted by various cell types, playing a crucial role in cell communication. As an efficient and safe therapeutic carrier, EVs offer new insights and methods for disease treatment and drug development due to high stability, low immunogenicity, and broad resources. However, current applications on EV-based delivery systems are still challenging, and additional strategies are needed to achieve precise and targeted delivery, enhance stability and safety, and avoid unnecessary immune reactions or side effects.

SlBTA2 is required for cuticle biosynthesis in tomato fruit.

Fruit cuticle, as a specialized hydrophobic cell wall architecture covering the surface of fruit, is crucial for fruit resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. In this study, we found that the BTB protein, SlBTA2, can regulate the biosynthesis of fruit cuticle in tomato. SlBTA2 was mainly expressed in the epidermis of fruits.

Enoxaparin Titration for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in the Burn Injured Patient - A Single Center Experience.

Burn injured patients develop altered metabolic processes predisposing them to venous thromboembolism and bleeding. Enoxaparin titration for venous thromboembolism prevention in trauma patients is safe, but this approach is not well defined in burn injured patients. We hypothesized that titration of enoxaparin in burn patients is safe and does not increase bleeding risk.

RDW-YOLO: A Deep Learning Framework for Scalable Agricultural Pest Monitoring and Control.

Due to target diversity, life-cycle variations, and complex backgrounds, traditional pest detection methods often struggle with accuracy and efficiency. This study introduces RDW-YOLO, an improved pest detection algorithm based on YOLO11, featuring three key innovations. First, the Reparameterized Dilated Fusion Block (RDFBlock) enhances feature extraction via multi-branch dilated convolutions for fine-grained pest characteristics.

Evidence based prevalence of diabetes related depression in Kohat, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Patients suffering from chronic health conditions such as pulmonary diseases, cancer, cardiovascular problems, and diabetes mellitus (DM) are facing psychological disturbance while struggling to handle their physical illnesses. Among all chronic health conditions, DM Type II is one of the main reasons for depression across the population.

Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression among the diabetic population and to determine the relationship between depression severity and diabetic duration.

Postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis in pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy: a retrospective cohort study on risk factors and clinical outcomes.

Background: Postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis (PPAP) is a severe complication that can occur following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or distal pancreatectomy (DP). Specific studies focus on the difference of PPAP in PD and DP are lacking.

Methods: Patients who underwent PD or DP between 2019 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed.

Efficacy and safety of dose adjustment for fruquintinib in the third-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective study with real-world settings.

Background: Fruquintinib, a standard third-line treatment option for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), has been shown to significantly prolong both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients. However, we have observed that the standard dosing of fruquintinib is frequently associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects within the Chinese population, leading some patients-particularly elderly individuals-to be unable to tolerate it. This study presents a retrospective analysis to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of adjusting the administration frequency of fruquintinib in patients with mCRC.

Case Report: Combined PD-1 and tyrosine kinase blockade stabilizes refractory pancreatic cancer guided by the spatial structure of tumor immune microenvironment.

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by a poor prognosis and limited responsiveness to conventional therapies, presenting a substantial therapeutic challenge. Although chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of systemic treatment, options become scarce once frontline therapies fail. While targeted therapies and immunotherapies have emerged as potential alternatives, their efficacy in pancreatic cancer is not well established.

Prediction of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations after renal transplantation.

Immune monitoring is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis after renal transplantation (RT). Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations (PBLSs) are widely used biomarkers for immune monitoring, yet there is no established standard reference for PBLSs during immune reconstitution post-RT. PBLS data from stable recipients at various time points post-RT were collected.