Trans-scale hierarchical metasurfaces for multispectral compatible regulation of lasers, infrared light, and microwaves.

Electromagnetic scattering control of optical windows has significant challenges in improving optical transmission and compatibility, especially for multispectral and large-angle incidences, due to material and structure mismatches. This paper presents trans-scale hierarchical metasurfaces (THM) to achieve wide-angle optical transmission enhancement and electromagnetic scattering-compatible regulation in dual-band lasers, and infrared and microwave ranges. THM comprises an ultrafine hollow metal array (UHMA) and a transmission-enhanced micro-nanocone array (TMCA).

Comparison of the efficacy of unilateral versus bilateral pedicle approach vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic thoracic and lumbar vertebral compression fractures: A retrospective cohort study.

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are prevalent among the elderly and significantly impact quality of life. Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) offers effective, minimally invasive treatment. However, the choice between unilateral and bilateral transpedicular approaches remains debated due to differing surgical outcomes and complication risks.

Lipidomic analyses reveal the dysregulation of oxidized fatty acids (OxFAs) and acyl-carnitines (CARs) in major depressive disorder: a case-control study.

Background: Growing data indicated that individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) had widespread inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. The objective of our study was to detect alterations in lipids of individuals with MDD, with the ultimate aim of developing potential biomarkers that may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of MDD.

Methods: The current study was a single-center cross-sectional case-control design.

Gram-Scale Green-Synthesis of High Purity Pinacols and Amides by Continuous Tandem Photocatalysis via a Negative Carbon Emission Process.

Solar-driven CO reduction for practical applications confronts significant challenges, including the waste of oxidation power and the difficulty in isolating reduction products. Herein, a pre-coordination restriction strategy is presented to hierarchically assemble CdS quantum dots (QDs), cobalt sites and Zr clusters in one metal-organic framework (MOF), resulting in the CdS@PCN-Co composite for simultaneous CO photoreduction and C-C coupling. Impressively, the yields of CO and pinacols with CdS@PCN-Co can reach 59.

Stimuli-Responsive MXene/PNIPAM Hydrogel WITH High-Performance and Tunable Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance.

Smart electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials capable of reversible EMI response hold great promise for application in flexible electromagnetic devices. Here, PPM hydrogels composed of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and MXene/PEDOT: PSS hybrid fillers are fabricated via ice-templated freeze-in-situ polymerization. The anisotropic structural design of the hydrogel enhances its mechanical properties, conductivity, and EMI shielding properties in a specific direction.

Dispersion-engineered spin photonics based on folded-path metasurfaces.

Spin photonics revolutionizes photonic technology by enabling precise manipulation of photon spin states, with spin-decoupled metasurfaces emerging as pivotal in complex optical field manipulation. Here, we propose a folded-path metasurface concept that enables independent dispersion and phase control of two opposite spin states, effectively overcoming the limitations of spin photonics in achieving broadband decoupling and higher integration levels. This advanced dispersion engineering is achieved by modifying the equivalent length of a folded path, generated by a virtual reflective surface, in contrast to previous methods that depended on effective refractive index control by altering structural geometries.

Ultrabreathable Open-Cell Hierarchical Pore Structure for Radiative Cooling Protective Membranes.

Personal protective clothing is essential in biochemical threat environments, however balancing protection, thermal comfort, and breathability remains a significant challenge. This work introduces a novel, skin-friendly ultrabreathable radiative cooling protective membrane (Ub-RCPM), which is developed via a one-step evaporation-induced pore formation process. The sequential evaporation of solvent and nonsolvent during the process endows an ultrabreathable open-cell hierarchical pore structure.

Development and validation of ADC-based nomogram model for predicting the prognostic factors in preoperative clinical early-stage cervical cancer patients.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of ADC-based nomogram models for predicting cervical cancer (CC) subtype, lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) and lymph node metastases (LNM) status in preoperative clinical early-stage CC patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 535 CC patients from three independent centers [center A (n = 251) for model training, and centers B (n = 193) and C (n = 91) for external validation] were included. Volumetric ADC histogram metrics (volume, minADC, meanADC, maxADC, skewness, kurtosis, entropy, P10_ADC, P25_ADC, P50_ADC, P75_ADC, and P90_ADC) derived the whole-tumor were calculated.

Improving auditory alarm sensitivity during simulated aeronautical decision-making: the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with computerized working memory training.

Auditory alarm deafness is a failure to notice a salient auditory signal in a high-load context, which is one of the major causes of flight accidents. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for aviation safety to explore ways to avoid auditory alarm deafness under a high-load scenario. One potential reason for its occurrence could be the fact that cognitive resources are limited.

High-efficiency polarization beam merging metagrating design via global initial solution-based topology optimization.

Freeform metasurfaces based on topology optimization enable precise control over electromagnetic functionalities, with widespread applications in metagratings, metalenses, and polarization transformations. The selection of the initial structure plays a crucial role in determining the quality of the final optimization results. In this study, a global initial solution-based topology optimization (GISTO) is proposed to design a polarization beam merging metagrating efficiently.

Elements Doping Strategy for Improving the Thermoelectric Properties of g-CN/SWCNT Composite Films.

Optimizing carrier concentration and transport has been demonstrated to be a practical strategy to improve the thermoelectric efficacy of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based composite films, which have potential application in self-powered wearable electronics. In this study, nonmetallic heteroatoms (boron, sulfur, and phosphorus) are selected to dope g-CN to adjust the energy band structure for fabricating g-CN/SWCNT with high thermoelectric performance. Heteroatom doping of g-CN improves the energy band structure and mobility of g-CN, which promotes the carrier transport between g-CN and SWCNT and optimizes the carrier mobility and concentration of the composite, substantially improving both the Seebeck coefficient () and the electrical conductivity (σ) of g-CN/SWCNT.

Identifying the Key Photosensitizing Factors over Metal-Organic Frameworks for Selective Control of O and O⋅ Generation.

The reaction pathway, product selectivity and catalytic efficiency of photo-oxidation are highly dependent on the specific reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen (O) and superoxide (O⋅), generated via the sensitization of O by photosensitizers. Studies on uncovering the role of photosensitizing factors on the selective control of O and O⋅ generation are significant but remain underexplored. Here, we constructed a photosensitizing metal-organic framework molecular platform (UiO-1-UiO-4) by elaborately engineering Ir(III) complex ligands with pyrenyl group for modulating photosensitizing factors and elucidating their impact on ROS generation.

Misalignment tolerance enhancement of vector beams in a free-space optical communication link.

Optical misalignment between transmitter and receiver leads to power loss and mode crosstalk in a mode division multiplexing (MDM) free-space optical (FSO) link. We report both numerical simulations and experimental results on the propagation performance of two typical vector beams, C-point polarization full Poincaré beams (FPB), and V-point polarization cylindrical vector beams (CVB), compared to homogeneous polarization scalar vortex beams (SVB) under optical misalignment. The FSO communication performance under misalignment using different transmit beams is evaluated in terms of power loss, mode crosstalk, power penalty, etc.

640 Gbit/s FSO turbulence-resilient field trial utilizing the cylindrical vector beam.

Free-space optical (FSO) communication has the advantages of large bandwidth and high security and being license-free, making it the preferred solution for addressing the "last kilometer" of information transmission. However, it is susceptible to fluctuations in the received optical power (ROP) due to atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors, resulting in the inevitable free-space optical communication transmission performance degradation. In this work, we experimentally verified the turbulence resistance of the cylindrical vector beam (CVB) over a 3 km long free-space field trial link.

Establishment and Application of an Elastic-Plastic Damage Constitutive Model for Ceramic Fiber Insulation Tiles.

A thermal protection system is critical for ensuring the safe take-off and return of various aircraft. A key heat-resistant material within this system is the ceramic fiber insulation tile (CFIT), which is a porous three-dimensional network material with density ranges from 0.3 to 0.

Dynamic nonlocal metasurface for multifunctional integration via phase-change materials.

Non-local metasurface supporting geometric phases at bound states in the continuum (BIC) simultaneously enables sharp spectral resonances and spatial wavefront shaping, thus providing a diversified optical platform for multifunctional devices. However, a static nonlocal metasurface cannot manipulate multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs), making it difficult to achieve multifunctional integration and be applied in different scenarios. Here, we presented and demonstrated phase-change non-local metasurfaces that can realize dynamic manipulation of multiple DOFs including resonant frequency, values, band, and spatial wavefront.

Dual-polarization reconfigurable metasurface for broadband vortex beam generation.

Recently, reconfigurable metasurfaces integrated with adaptable devices have demonstrated exceptional dynamic controllability across various applications, garnering considerable attention. However, many reported metasurfaces, particularly those supporting dual-polarization adjustability, exhibit limited broadband electromagnetic performance. To address this limitation, we propose a dual-polarized reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with a distinctive metal layer design.

Exploring the scale effect of nonpoint source pollution risk on water quality in Lake Basins of Central Yunnan Plateau using the Minimum Cumulative Resistance model.

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution has emerged as the predominant water environment issue confronting plateau lakes in central Yunnan. Quantitative analysis of the impact of NPS pollution on water quality constitutes the key to preventing and controlling water pollution. However, currently, there is a dearth of research on identifying NPS pollution risks and exploring their relationship with water quality based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance (MCR) model in the plateau lake basins of central Yunnan.

Enhancing Ultradeep Hydrodesulfurization of Coker Diesel through Adsorptive Predenitrogenation.

The petroleum refining industry places significant challenge in the production of ultralow-sulfur diesel (ULSD) from various middle distillates with high nitrogen concentration in an energy-efficient and cost-effective way to meet strict environmental regulations as coexisting nitrogen compounds significantly inhibit the ultradeep hydrodesulfurization (HDS). Among all of the approaches reported in the literature for this challenge, a combination of adsorptive denitrogenation (ADN) and HDS has attracted great attention. This study focuses on ultradeep HDS of coker diesel (CD) through a synergistic approach combining ADN over a carbon-based adsorbent and the current HDS process.

Fe-MAP Prepared Glycosurfaces for Selective Cell Capture: From Adherent to Suspended Cells.

The specific capture of live cells is crucial for various biomedical applications. Existing methods often are limited by complex production processes. This study introduces Fe-mediated monomer-adaptation polymerization (Fe-MAP), a convenient and rapid synthesis approach for selective cell capture using surface-engineered glycopolymer brushes.

Toughening Mechanism in Nanotwinned Boron Carbide: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

Boron carbide ceramics are potentially ideal candidates for lightweight bulletproof armor, but their use is currently limited by their low fracture toughness. Recent experimental results have shown that sintered samples with high twin densities exhibit high fracture toughness, but the toughening mechanism and associated crack propagation process of nanotwinned boron carbide at the atomic scale remain a mystery. Reported here are molecular dynamics simulations with a reactive force field potential to investigate how nanoscale twins affect the fracture toughness of boron carbide ceramics.

Multisensory training based on an APP for enhanced verbal working memory in older adults.

With the increasing aging population, contemporary society faces the imperative to develop approaches that efficiently delay the age-related decline in working memory capacity, which is a critical area within cognitive aging research. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of verbal working memory training across various sensory modalities (visual, auditory, and audiovisual) in enhancing the verbal working memory capacity of older adults. In this study, 60 healthy older adults (mean age = 67.

Fracture Mechanisms and Crack Propagation in Monolayer TiCT under Nanoindentation: The Influence of Surface Terminations and Vacancy Defects.

Monolayer MXenes are a novel class of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides with fascinating physicochemical properties. Despite recent advances in the study of MXenes' mechanical properties, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental physical mechanisms that affect fracture due to surface terminations and vacancy defects in MXenes under nanoindentation remains largely unexplored. Here, we address this gap using molecular dynamics simulations and nanoindentation theory to investigate the effects of surface terminations and vacancy defects on the fracture behavior of TiCT MXenes.