The effect of cognitive load on time-to-contact estimation across different time structures.

Time-to-contact (TTC) estimation is critical for daily activities, assessing when a moving object will reach a location. TTC tasks are used to study motion processing. In the TTC tasks, time structure () refers to the ratio of the durations of the motions in two phases: (a) one in which the stimulus is visible before it reaches occlusion point and (b) one in which it is invisible after it reaches occlusion point.

Emotional intelligence moderated the mediating effect of professional identity between social support and psychological well-being among pre-service teachers.

Based on the Conservation of Resources Theory, the research explored the relationships between social support and the psychological well-being of pre-service teachers. It specifically examined the mediating effects of professional identity and the moderating impact of emotional intelligence. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, Teachers' Professional Identity Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Flourishing Scale with a sample of 457 (68.

Improving auditory alarm sensitivity during simulated aeronautical decision-making: the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with computerized working memory training.

Auditory alarm deafness is a failure to notice a salient auditory signal in a high-load context, which is one of the major causes of flight accidents. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for aviation safety to explore ways to avoid auditory alarm deafness under a high-load scenario. One potential reason for its occurrence could be the fact that cognitive resources are limited.

The neural mechanisms of emotional flexibility influenced by the emotional valence shift direction and preparation effect.

Emotional flexibility refers to an individual's ability to change emotional responses in constantly changing environments to adapt to different situations. This study aims to use the Emotional Switching Task (EST) paradigm, combined with Electroencephalogram (EEG) technology and behavioral experiments, to explore the impact of emotional valence shift directions and preparation effects on the switching cost of emotional flexibility. The results found that when individuals switch from positive emotional valence to positive emotional valence, the switching cost is smaller than other transition directions.

Multisensory training based on an APP for enhanced verbal working memory in older adults.

With the increasing aging population, contemporary society faces the imperative to develop approaches that efficiently delay the age-related decline in working memory capacity, which is a critical area within cognitive aging research. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of verbal working memory training across various sensory modalities (visual, auditory, and audiovisual) in enhancing the verbal working memory capacity of older adults. In this study, 60 healthy older adults (mean age = 67.

The effect of working memory load on inattentional deafness during aeronautical decision-making.

Operating an aircraft requires pilots to handle a significant amount of multi-modal information, which creates a high working memory load. Detecting auditory alarms in this high-load scenario is crucial for aviation safety. According to cognitive control load theory, an increase in working memory load may enhance distractor interference, resulting in improved detection sensitivity for task-irrelevant stimuli.

High expectancy influences the role of cognitive load in inattentional deafness during landing decision-making.

Neglecting a critical auditory alarm is a major obstacle to maintaining a safe environment, especially in aviation. Earlier studies have indicated that tasks with a higher perceptual or cognitive load in the visual modality influence the processing of auditory stimuli. It is unclear, however, whether other factors, such as memory failure, active neglect, or expectancy influence the effect of cognitive load on auditory alarm detection sensitivity during aeronautical decision-making.

Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation-Induced Effects Over the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: Differences in the Task Types of Task Switching.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been previously used to investigate the causal relationships between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and task switching but has delivered inconclusive results that may be due to different switching tasks involving different cognitive control processes. In the current study, we manipulated task types and task predictability to investigate the role of DLPFC in task-switching performances. Notably, we distinguished the specific effects of anodal-tDCS on two types of tasks (parity/magnitude and parity/vowel-consonant tasks).

Within-session repeated transcranial direct current stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex enhances spatial working memory.

Spatial working memory (SWM) is an essential cognitive ability that supports complex tasks, but its capacity is limited. Studies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have shown potential benefits for SWM performance. Recent studies have shown that repeated short applications of tDCS affected corticospinal excitability.

Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the posterior parietal cortex enhances three-dimensional mental rotation ability.

Prior neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies have found that the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) plays an important role in mental rotation ability. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown the potential to enhance cognitive ability by delivering a low current to the brain cortex of interest, via electrodes on the scalp. Here, we tested whether stimulating the PPC with tDCS can improve three-dimensional mental rotation performance and narrow gender difference.

Modality effects in verbal working memory updating: Transcranial direct current stimulation over human inferior frontal gyrus and posterior parietal cortex.

Verbal working memory (VWM) involves visual and auditory verbal information. Neuroimaging studies have shown significant modality effects for VWM in the left posterior parietal cortex (PPC). The left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is more sensitive to auditory and phonological information.

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Task-Switching Performance: Effects of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation.

Task switching refers to the process by which an individual transfers focus from one cognitive task to another. In recent years, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) technology had been used to investigate the causal relationship between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and task-switching performance. However, the effects of anodal-tDCS (a-tDCS) on task switching remain unclear, and the relationship between DLPFC and various task predictabilities have not yet been studied.

Embodied Interaction Priority: Other's Body Part Affects Numeral-Space Mappings.

Traditionally, the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect was presented in two-choice condition, in which only one individual reacted to both even (small) and odd (large) numbers. Few studies explored SNARC effect in a social situation. Moreover, there are many reference frames involved in SNARC effect, and it has not yet been investigated which reference frame is dominated when two participants perform the go-nogo task together.

Spatial Bias Induced by Simple Addition and Subtraction: From Eye Movement Evidence.

The associations between number and space have been intensively investigated. Recent studies indicated that this association could extend to more complex tasks, such as mental arithmetic. However, the mechanism of arithmetic-space associations in mental arithmetic was still a topic of debate.

Symbolic, Nonsymbolic and Conceptual: An Across-Notation Study on the Space Mapping of Numerals.

Previous studies suggested that there are interconnections between two numeral modalities of symbolic notation and nonsymbolic notation (array of dots), differences and similarities of the processing, and representation of the two modalities have both been found in previous research. However, whether there are differences between the spatial representation and numeral-space mapping of the two numeral modalities of symbolic notation and nonsymbolic notation is still uninvestigated. The present study aims to examine whether there are differences between the spatial representation and numeral-space mapping of the two numeral modalities of symbolic notation and nonsymbolic notation; especially how zero, as both a symbolic magnitude numeral and a nonsymbolic conceptual numeral, mapping onto space; and if the mapping happens automatically at an early stage of the numeral information processing.