The immunoregulator β-glucan produces antidepressant effects through microglia-mobilized astrocytic P2Y1R-BDNF signaling in the dentate gyrus.

β-Glucan, a polysaccharide from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with immunomodulatory activities that may not trigger pro-inflammatory responses in microglia, has been reported to show rapid antidepressant effects in chronically stressed animals by restoring microglial function in the dentate gyrus. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect of β-glucan are still largely unclear. Considering the importance of astrocytic purinergic 2Y1 receptors (P2Y1Rs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the antidepressant effects of microglial stimulation, we hypothesize that β-glucan produces antidepressant effects by mobilizing astrocytic P2Y1R-triggered BDNF signaling in the hippocampus.

Development of New Blood Immunoassay and Biomarkers for Tau in the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.

Post-translational modifications, such as truncation facilitated by proteases and phosphorylation mediated by protein kinases, play pivotal roles in Tau protein function and cellular processes. The detection of distinct Tau forms in plasma has garnered significant interest in the scientific and translational communities. We discovered monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) using the hybridoma technique by immunizing mice with different Tau proteins.

Establishment and Evaluation of Cell Models for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Challenges and Prospects.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung condition primarily affecting premature infants. It significantly impacts their growth, development, and health. Recently, in vitro models have been created, offering new insights into the causes and potential treatments for BPD.

Genome sequencing provides high diagnostic yield and new etiological insights for intellectual disability and developmental delay.

Short-read genome sequencing (GS) is a powerful technique for investigating the genetic etiologies of rare diseases, capturing diverse genetic variations that are challenging to approach with exome sequencing (ES). We performed GS on 260 families with intellectual disability/developmental delay. GS detected potentially disease-related variants in 55 of the 260 families, with structural resolution by long-read sequencing or optical genome mapping, and functional assessment by RNA sequencing.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding Associated With Nasojejunal Tube Injury in a Patient With Septic Shock: A Case Report.

This report presents a rare case of GI bleeding caused by nasojejunal feeding in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and septic shock, complicated by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). The case analyzes the underlying causes of recurrent GI bleeding and discusses the prevention and management of mechanical complications associated with enteral nutrition (EN), particularly mucosal injury caused by nasojejunal tubes. It emphasizes the necessity of modifying EN protocols for high-risk patients and offers suggestions for improvement.

On-Chip Multimode WGM Microresonator with Cross-Correlation Algorithm for Enhanced Sensing.

Optical whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators emerge as a frontrunner for precision measurement due to their high sensitivity and compact footprint. They have demonstrated superior capabilities in detecting a wide range of objects, spanning from variations in temperature, humidity, magnetic field, to local perturbations caused by viruses or nanoparticles. Traditional methods often rely on monitoring spectral changes in a single WGM resonance to extract the relevant information of sensing targets.

Latent Transition and Predictors of Cognitive Function Among Community-Dwelling Chinese Older Adults With Cardiovascular Metabolic Diseases.

Objectives: Despite the recognized heterogeneity of cognitive function in older adults and its propensity for transition, this phenomenon remains inadequately understood among older adults with cardiovascular metabolic diseases (CMD). We aimed to explore the latent profiles of cognitive function among older adults with CMD, along with the transition probabilities between profiles and associated predictors.

Methods: A cohort study including 2304 older adults with CMD was drawn from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.

Identification of a hypoxia-related gene signature associated with childhood asthma.

Background: Hypoxia is a significant manifestation of severe asthma in children. An early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for enhancing treatment outcomes and mitigating long-term complications. This study aims to utilize bioinformatics analysis to investigate hypoxia-related genes (HRGs) in childhood asthma.

Stimulation of microglia in adolescence produces a long-lasting prophylactic effect on single prolonged stress-induced PTSD-like behavior in adult mice.

Our previous studies have reported that pre-stimulation of microglia in adult mice by a single injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) one day before stress stimulation prevents the occurrence of PTSD-like behavior induced by single prolonged stress (SPS), which disappears when the time interval between LPS injection and stress stimulation is extended to 10 days. This disappearance can be rescued by repeated LPS injection, suggesting that enhancing the response of microglia may increase stress tolerance. Since microglia exhibit strong functional plasticity during adolescence, we hypothesize that mice administered LPS during this period acquire a strong ability to resist SPS stimulation.

Verapamil modulates astrocytic glycolytic dysfunction via TXNIP inhibition in the hippocampus of 3 × Tg-AD mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a gradually worsening neurodegenerative condition marked by the accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and a decline in cognitive abilities. Emerging research emphasizes astrocytic metabolic disturbances as contributors to AD development. This study investigates the therapeutic effects of Verapamil (VPM), a clinically approved calcium channel blocker, on astrocytic glycolysis in 3 × Tg-AD mice, focusing on the involvement of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) pathway.

Application of "Internet+"-Based Continuous Nursing to Improve the Nutrition-Health Level of Pediatric Liver Transplant.

To evaluate the effects of "Internet+"-based continuous nursing interventions in patients with pediatric liver transplantation. Seventy-six patients admitted between April 2019 and January 2021 were randomly divided into two groups (n = 38) using a random number table. The control group received conventional continuous nursing, whereas the observation group received "Internet+"-based continuous nursing strategies in addition to conventional care.

Reprogramming of amino acid metabolism in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumours, representing a significant health risk for women. Subtyping of breast cancer is based on gene expression profiles, with five distinct subtypes identified Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-positive, basal-like and normal-like. The heterogeneity of breast cancer represents a significant challenge to its treatment, while drug resistance limits the effectiveness of existing therapies.

Dietary sugar intervention: A promising approach for cancer therapy.

Cancer constitutes a significant global health challenge, with altered metabolism being a hallmark feature of cancer cells. Diet can directly modulate systemic metabolite levels, thereby exerting both direct and indirect influences on tumor progression. The primary mechanisms include: (1) directly altering signaling pathways related to tumor cell proliferation or apoptosis, (2) indirectly affecting tumor progression by modulating nutrient availability or immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment, and (3) influencing tumor development through changes in gut microbiota composition or metabolic activity.

Oxygen vacancy-rich TiO nanobelts buffed Ru clusters for green chemosynthesis of amino acid from lignocellulosic derivatives.

Amino acids are widely used in various applications, its production mainly relies on the fermentation of grain crops, and the chemosynthesis method from non-grain biomass still faces the challenge of low efficiency (<50 %). Herein, Ru clusters anchored on ultrathin TiO nanobelts (NBs) with abundant oxygen vacancies are fabricated and used to convert lignocellulose-derived α-hydroxy acids to α-amino acids. The Ru/TiO NBs achieved up to 80 % alanine yield from lignocellulose-derived lactic acid (LA).

Moist-Exposed Burn Ointment Promotes Angiogenesis During Full-Thickness Wound Healing by Activating the SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis in a Hyperglycaemic Rat Model.

The mechanism by which moist-exposed burn ointment (MEBO) promotes wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) remains unclear. To elucidate this mechanism, we investigated the role of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in MEBO's ability to enhance ulcer healing and neovascularisation using a full-thickness wound model in hyperglycaemic rats. On post-wounding days 3, 7, and 14, the wound healing rates were significantly higher in the MEBO group compared to the model group and Vaseline group (p < 0.

Virtual Reality Interventions of Daily Versus Weekly Data Collection in Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Adults With Cancer: Pilot Survey Study.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) interventions are increasingly used in health care settings to improve patient-reported outcomes (PROs). PROs are commonly evaluated at weekly intervals with data collected via digital surveys. While weekly assessments have benefits, VR devices enable more frequent in-device data collection.

tRNA-derived small RNA 3' tRF-Ala CGC obstructs NK cytotoxicity via cleavage of membrane protein MICA in colorectal cancer.

Background: Immune escape remains a major challenge in cancer immunotherapy. Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNA (tsRNA) represents a novel class of non-coding RNAs generated from tRNA cleavage, regulating gene expression at transcriptional and translational levels. These tsRNAs exhibit diverse biological functions, including immune modulation, metabolic disorders, and cell death.

Phenyl-urethane group-modified cellulose acetate-based flat/nanofiber composite membrane for membrane distillation.

An asymmetric hydrophilic/hydrophobic cellulose acetate-based composite membrane with superior separation performance for membrane distillation was fabricated by chemically introducing hydrophobic groups into cellulose diacetate molecules through covalent bonding with the highly reactive m-tolyl isocyanate (MTIS), followed by combining with a hydrophilic cellulose triacetate nanofiber membrane and underwent reverse phase inversion. Simultaneously, the pore structure and surface roughness of the hydrophobic layer were regulated by adjusting the coagulation bath composition. The characterisation results confirmed the stable covalent bonding of MTIS.

Biomarkers of pediatric Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis through single-cell transcriptomics.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) is a fatal hyperinflammatory disorder distinct from self-limiting EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis (IM). However, the immunological mechanisms underlying the divergence between benign EBV infection and fulminant HLH-particularly in the absence of inherited immunodeficiency-remains unclear, and systematic comparisons of immune landscapes across EBV-associated disease spectra are lacking. In this study, by enrolling children with IM and healthy volunteers as controls, we utilize single-cell RNA sequencing to identify unique immunological characteristics of EBV-HLH.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy-Based Biosensors for Label-Free Detection of Pathogens.

The escalating threat of infectious diseases necessitates the development of diagnostic technologies that are not only rapid and sensitive but also deployable at the point of care. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has emerged as a leading technique for the label-free detection of pathogens, offering a unique combination of sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and adaptability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design and application of EIS-based biosensors tailored for pathogen detection, focusing on critical components such as biorecognition elements, electrode materials, nanomaterial integration, and surface immobilization strategies.

Thermodynamics and Single-Site Interactions between Human Serum Albumin and Green Low-Melting Mixture Solvents.

Thermodynamics and interaction between human serum albumin (HSA) and low-melting mixture solvents (LoMMSs) play a critical role in the green and low-cost separation of proteins. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports on this issue to date. Here, we present the thermodynamic properties and single-site interaction between biobased LoMMSs betaine:glycerol and HSA.

Clinical Features and Therapeutic Evaluation of Central Nervous System Involvement in Pediatric Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.

Background: This study analyzed the clinical features of central nervous system involvement (CNS3) in pediatric anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and evaluated the CNCL-ALCL-2017 treatment protocol efficacy.

Methods: The clinical data of 215 pediatric ALCL patients aged ≤18 years, including 16 with CNS3, treated following the CNCL-ALCL-2017 protocol, were enrolled. Independent risk factors of CNS3 were determined using multi-factor logistic regression analysis, and survival curves were constructed.

Diabetes is causally associated with increased breast cancer mortality by inducing FIBCD1 to activate MCM5-mediated cell cycle arrest via modulating H3K27ac.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common tumor worldwide and it has been recognized that up to one third of BC patients have co-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) (BC-DM). Although many observational studies have indicated an association between DM and BC, the causal relationship of DM and BC prognosis remained uncertain and the molecular mechanisms underlying BC-DM are largely unclear. In this study, we used causal inference methods, including g-computation (GC), inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE), and TMLE-super learner (TMLE-SL), to comprehensively analyze the association of DM with BC mortality in a cohort of 3386 BC patients.

Multi-scale feature extraction and aggregation network for electroencephalography classification in face photo-sketch recognition task.

Face photo-sketch recognition task plays a crucial role in forensic investigation, human visual perception, and facial biometrics applications. The substantial modality gap between photographs and sketches, compounded by the influence of the semantic gap, poses a formidable challenge to recognition tasks. This study aims to propose an effective electroencephalography (EEG)-based approach to bridge this gap.