MXene-based intelligent sensors in food safety monitoring: Synthesis strategies, on-site applications and novel insights into prospects.

MXene, a family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides, has attracted significant attention in food safety due to its exceptional properties that enable the design of highly efficient sensors. Consequently, a growing consensus in the scientific community highlights the critical role of comprehensive assessments in advancing MXene-based intelligent systems for on-site food quality evaluation. This review covers the advances of MXene based intelligent sensors in fundamental properties, synthesis strategies via various recognition principles and signal output modes, which encompasses multiple areas of food monitoring.

Reading ability in children with intermittent exotropia and its association with binocular visual function and visual information processing capability.

Purpose: To evaluate children's reading performance with intermittent exotropia (IXT) and investigate possible associations among reading abnormalities, binocular visual function, and visual information processing.

Methods: This cross-sectional, case-control study involved 61 children with basic-type IXT and 40 healthy controls aged 7 to 13. Reading performance was assessed objectively using the Development Eye Movement (DEM) test and subjectively with the Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children (DCCC).

Melatonin attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis through PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a major cause of low back pain (LBP) and poses a substantial economic burden worldwide. Mitochondrial dysfunction, associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis, is linked to various degenerative diseases. Melatonin has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing IVDD because of its capacity to regulate cellular rhythms.

Diabetes is causally associated with increased breast cancer mortality by inducing FIBCD1 to activate MCM5-mediated cell cycle arrest via modulating H3K27ac.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common tumor worldwide and it has been recognized that up to one third of BC patients have co-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) (BC-DM). Although many observational studies have indicated an association between DM and BC, the causal relationship of DM and BC prognosis remained uncertain and the molecular mechanisms underlying BC-DM are largely unclear. In this study, we used causal inference methods, including g-computation (GC), inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE), and TMLE-super learner (TMLE-SL), to comprehensively analyze the association of DM with BC mortality in a cohort of 3386 BC patients.

Any Fashion Attribute Editing: Dataset and Pretrained Models.

Fashion attribute editing is essential for combining the expertise of fashion designers with the potential of generative artificial intelligence. In this work, we focus on 'any' fashion attribute editing: 1) the ability to edit 78 fine-grained design attributes commonly observed in daily life; 2) the capability to modify desired attributes while keeping the rest components still; and 3) the flexibility to continuously edit on the edited image. To this end, we present the Any Fashion Attribute Editing (AFED) dataset, which includes 830K high-quality fashion images from sketch and product domains, filling the gap for a large-scale, openly accessible fine-grained dataset.

Structural Similarity-Inspired Unfolding for Lightweight Image Super-Resolution.

Major efforts in data-driven image super-resolution (SR) primarily focus on expanding the receptive field of the model to better capture contextual information. However, these methods are typically implemented by stacking deeper networks or leveraging transformer-based attention mechanisms, which consequently increases model complexity. In contrast, model-driven methods based on the unfolding paradigm show promise in improving performance while effectively maintaining model compactness through sophisticated module design.

Cobalt-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Decarboxylative N-Alkylation.

Introduction of alkyl substituents onto nucleophilic nitrogen atoms in amines is a central synthetic strategy for increasing molecular complexity and structural diversity in medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, and materials science. Although the direct transfer of a stereogenic alkyl group onto a nitrogen atom by N-alkylation is one of the most efficient approaches to asymmetric C()-N bond formation, few methods are available for the enantioconvergent N-alkylation of amines with racemic alkyl transfer reagents. We report herein a previously unexplored enantioconvergent decarboxylative N-alkylation of aromatic amines with racemic carboxylic acids.

Stage-Dependent Neural Mechanisms in Human Methamphetamine Abstinence: Insights From the Digital Twin Brain Model.

Background: Reward circuits are crucial in treating human methamphetamine (MA) addiction, while the underlying mechanisms of action may vary throughout the intervention process. This gap limits the identification of specific modulation targets and results in a one-size-fits-all approach. Demonstrating these specific neural signatures can inform tailored therapy and enhance precision medicine for MA addiction.

Dysfunction and recovery of the cortical connectome gradient and its association with gene expression profiles in methamphetamine and heroin use disorders.

Background: The hierarchy and segregation of community-based brain networks can be characterized by functional connectome gradient (FCG). Whether the cortical FCG was disrupted and could even be reversed after prolonged abstinence in substance use disorders (SUDs) remained unclear. Less is known about the underlying genetic basis.

A Nd@C-polymer interface for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.

An important challenge in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the simultaneous attainment of high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and high stability. Using polymer interfaces in PSCs can enhance durability by blocking water and oxygen and by suppressing ion interdiffusion, but their electronic shielding poses a challenge for efficient and stable PSCs. Here we report a magnetic endohedral metallofullerene Nd@C-polymer coupling layer, which features ultrafast electron extraction and in situ encapsulation, thereby promoting homogeneous electron extraction and suppressing ion interdiffusion.

Enhancing Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via Multi-Functionalized Molecular Design.

Inverted flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs) are promising candidates for mechanical photovoltaic applications due to their ease of preparation, lightweight, and portability. However, the weak interface connections, residual strain, and the nonradiative recombination loss among adjacent layers are critical challenges that restrict f-PSCs development. To address these issues, a functionalized molecule with multiple hydrogen bond acceptors, 4-Carboxyphenylboronic acid (4-BBA), is designed in the perovskite precursor for modulating perovskite crystallization, which achieves uniform and stress-relaxation perovskite film and forms a robust bridging structure anchored at the buried interface.

Improving the Stability of Wide Bandgap Perovskites: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Applications in Tandem Solar Cells.

Tandem solar cells (TSCs) based on wide bandgap (WBG) perovskites have gained significant attention for their higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to single-junction cells. The role of WBG perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as the sub-cell in tandem cells consists of absorbing high-energy photons and producing higher open-circuit voltages (V). However, WBG PSCs face serious phase separation issues, resulting in poor long-term stability and substantial V loss in TSCs.

Administration Strategy-Dependent Mechanisms and Effects of Human Adipose Tissue Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles in Mouse Allergic Rhinitis Treatment.

We previously found that intravenous injection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSC) could ameliorate allergic rhinitis (AR) in mice through immunomodulatory effects. In clinical trials, nasal delivery has been an attractive treatment for AR. We sought to determine whether there are differences in the therapeutic effects between caudal injection and their combination.

Charge Polarization Tunable Interfaces for Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules.

Interfacial localized charges and interfacial losses from incompatible underlayers are critical factors limiting the efficiency improvement and market-integration of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a novel interfacial chemical tuning strategy is proposed involving proton transfer between the amine head of pyridoxamine (PM) and the phosphonic acid anchoring group of [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), with simultaneous enhancement of charge delocalization through electrostatic attraction between opposite charged molecules. The Me-4PACz-PM charge polarization interface modulates the nickel oxide (NiO) charge states and the coordination environment at buried interfaces, consequently enhancing p-type conductivity and obtaining a more compatible band arrangement.

Insulinoma detection on low-dose pancreatic CT perfusion: comparing with conventional contrast-enhanced CT and MRI.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of low-dose pancreatic CT perfusion (pCTP) in detecting insulinomas in patients with recurrent hypoglycemia, and to compare its diagnostic performance with conventional contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and MRI.

Methods: This study retrospectively collected 53 patients with recurrent hypoglycemia (28 with insulinomas; 25 without insulinomas). PCTP image analysis was conducted by two radiologists.

Associations between screen time and emotional and behavioral problems among children and adolescents in US, National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), 2022.

Background: Excessive screen time is associated with physical health, behavior, and cognitive development. Recognizing childhood and adolescence as crucial periods for mental health development, we examine the association of screen time with mental health in children and adolescents.

Method: This cross-sectional study included 4932 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years.

Association of ADHD and LD with vision abnormalities among the children and adolescents in US, NHANES 1999-2004.

Objective: To examine the association of ADHD and LD with visual impairment, uncorrected refractive error, and refractive error (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) among US children and adolescents.

Method: A population-based cross-sectional study included 3,385 participants aged 12-15 years from the large, representative sample of US NHANES. The diagnoses of ADHD and LD in children and adolescents, as reported by parents or adolescents themselves, were analyzed.

Shell-Guided Compression of Voxel Radiance Fields.

In this paper, we address the challenge of significant memory consumption and redundant components in large-scale voxel-based model, which are commonly encountered in real-world 3D reconstruction scenarios. We propose a novel method called Shell-guided compression of Voxel Radiance Fields (SVRF), aimed at optimizing voxel-based model into a shell-like structure to reduce storage costs while maintaining rendering accuracy. Specifically, we first introduce a Shell-like Constraint, operating in two main aspects: 1) enhancing the influence of voxels neighboring the surface in determining the rendering outcomes, and 2) expediting the elimination of redundant voxels both inside and outside the surface.

Breaking Boundaries: Unifying Imaging and Compression for HDR Image Compression.

High Dynamic Range (HDR) images present unique challenges for Learned Image Compression (LIC) due to their complex domain distribution compared to Low Dynamic Range (LDR) images. In coding practice, HDR-oriented LIC typically adopts preprocessing steps (e.g.

Interpretable Optimization-Inspired Unfolding Network for Low-Light Image Enhancement.

Retinex model-based methods have shown to be effective in layer-wise manipulation with well-designed priors for low-light image enhancement (LLIE). However, the hand-crafted priors and conventional optimization algorithm adopted to solve the layer decomposition problem result in the lack of adaptivity and efficiency. To this end, this paper proposes a Retinex-based deep unfolding network (URetinex-Net++), which unfolds an optimization problem into a learnable network to decompose a low-light image into reflectance and illumination layers.

Robust and Transferable Backdoor Attacks Against Deep Image Compression With Selective Frequency Prior.

Recent advancements in deep learning-based compression techniques have demonstrated remarkable performance surpassing traditional methods. Nevertheless, deep neural networks have been observed to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where an added pre-defined trigger pattern can induce the malicious behavior of the models. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to launch a backdoor attack with multiple triggers against learned image compression models.

Distinct insula subdivisions of resting-state functional connectivity in individuals with opioid and methamphetamine use disorders.

Different addictive drugs can impact the function and morphology of the brain in diverse ways. The insula cortex, an important brain node involved in craving and reward neural circuits in individuals with substance use disorders (including damage to the insula cortex), has been reported to reduce addictive behaviors. However, less is known about whether there is a functional difference between individuals with opioid and methamphetamine use disorders, especially regarding the function of the insula cortex.

Peritoneal adipose stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mediate the regulation of ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration through EGFR-NF-κB signaling.

Peritoneal dissemination frequently develops in patients with ovarian cancer (OC) and is associated with recurrence and metastasis. However, the cellular components and mechanisms supporting OC peritoneal metastasis are poorly understood. To elucidate these, we utilized RNA sequencing to investigate the cellular composition and function.

Downregulation of tRNA methyltransferase FTSJ1 by PM2.5 promotes glycolysis and malignancy of NSCLC via facilitating PGK1 expression and translation.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure has been associated with increased incidence and mortality of lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.

CLMS: Bridging domain gaps in medical imaging segmentation with source-free continual learning for robust knowledge transfer and adaptation.

Deep learning shows promise for medical image segmentation but suffers performance declines when applied to diverse healthcare sites due to data discrepancies among the different sites. Translating deep learning models to new clinical environments is challenging, especially when the original source data used for training is unavailable due to privacy restrictions. Source-free domain adaptation (SFDA) aims to adapt models to new unlabeled target domains without requiring access to the original source data.