Development and validation of web-based, interpretable predictive models for sepsis and mortality in extensive burns.

Background: Burn injuries are a common cause of trauma globally, with extensive burns (≥ 50% total body surface area burned) associated with high rates of sepsis and mortality. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with sepsis and mortality in extensively burned patients and to develop accurate, interpretable predictive models via machine learning algorithms.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted utilizing data from two Burn Critical Care Units in Eastern China from 2012-2023.

Neck-to-height ratio in screening for abdominal obesity among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

Background: With the increasing prevalence of abdominal obesity among children and adolescents, identifying easily measurable, safe, efficient, low-cost, and highly effective indicators is crucial in public health management. While neck-to-height ratio (NHtR) is a better indicator of upper body fat than neck circumference (NC), current research on this indicator mainly assesses its role in obesity and related metabolic diseases among adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of the (NHtR) in screening for abdominal obesity among children and adolescents.

The impact of conjugation strategies and linker density on the performance of the Spermine-AcDex nanoparticle-splenocyte conjugate.

A common approach in living medicine engineering is modifying cell surfaces with nanomedicines to form nanoparticle-cell conjugates. Despite various available strategies, limited research has examined how conjugation strategies affect the efficiency and stability of the delivery systems. Herein, we prepared polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with protein payloads and modified them with different linkers.

Plasmonic Catalysis for Controlling Selectivity in the Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde to Propylbenzene Under Visible-Light Irradiation.

The selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, such as cinnamaldehyde (CAL), into value-added aromatic hydrocarbons like propylbenzene (PPR) remains a formidable challenge due to competing CC and CO hydrogenation pathways. Here, a plasmon-enhanced catalytic strategy employing Au@AuPd core-shell nanoparticles supported on silica is reported. The catalyst features a plasmonic Au core and a 1 nm AuPd alloyed shell (25 at% Pd), enabling light-driven modulation of reaction selectivity.

Effects of germicidal far-UVC on ozone and particulate matter in a conference room.

The application of 222 nm light from KrCl excimer lamps (GUV222 or far-UVC) is a promising approach to reduce the indoor transmission of airborne pathogens, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus. GUV222 inactivates airborne pathogens and is believed to be relatively safe for human skin and eye exposure. However, UV light initiates photochemical reactions which may negatively impact indoor air quality.

[The advances in the application of image-guided system in endoscopic skull base surgery].

With the advancement of rigid endoscopic nasal surgery techniques, the indications for surgery have continued to expand, encompassing an increasing number of anatomical regions. As a surgical adjunct, imaging-guided system assists surgeons in identifying vital structures and mitigating surgical risks, and they are extensively employed in operations involving the nasal cavity, sinuses, and skull base. Nevertheless, existing imaging-guided system faces several unresolved challenges.

Practical Guide to the Design of Granular Hydrogels for Customizing Complex Cellular Microenvironments.

Granular hydrogels are a novel class of microporous platforms for cell culture and delivery, formed as macroscopic aggregates through the bottom-up assembly of microgels. Given their flexibility and diversity, granular scaffolds have attracted extensive attention as emerging materials replicating the complex, heterogeneous environments found in natural tissues. This review outlines the design principles of granular hydrogels, highlighting critical intra-microgel and inter-microgel factors that determine the final physicochemical properties of the entire system for creating a biomimetic cellular microenvironment.

Simulated Aeromedical Evacuation Causes Hippocampal Neuronal Damage in Rats With Acute Lung Injury.

Introduction: Aeromedical rescue plays an important role in the extensive evacuation of war casualties, sudden natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis), major public health events, and special needs across borders and regions.

Prediction of a Panel of Programmed Cell Death Protein-1 (PD-1) Inhibitor-Sensitive Biomarkers Using Multiphase Computed Tomography Imaging Textural Features: Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent an effective therapeutic approach for advanced gastric cancer. Their efficacy largely depends on the status of tumor biomarkers including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1; combined positive score ≥1), and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). To noninvasively evaluate these biomarkers, researchers have developed radiomic models for individual biomarker prediction.

Main results of a randomized controlled trial (RNPLS-01): efficacy and safety of ramucirumab combined with nab-paclitaxel, lobaplatin, and S-1 in neoadjuvant therapy for advanced gastric cancer.

Objective/background: The RNPLS-01 trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ramucirumab (a VEGFR2 antagonist) combined with nab-paclitaxel, lobaplatin, and S-1 (RNPLS group) versus nab-paclitaxel, lobaplatin, and S-1 alone (NPLS group) in neoadjuvant therapy for advanced gastric cancer, as part of the RNPLS-01 prospective randomized controlled trial.

Methods And Analysis: RNPLS-01 trial enrolled 140 patients with advanced gastric cancer across two cohorts (neoadjuvant therapy: n = 70; conversion therapy: n = 70). This report focuses on the neoadjuvant cohort where patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either RNPLS (n = 35) or NPLS (n = 35).

Critical Residues in the Gβ Subunit Mediate Selective Recruitment of the Gαq Heterotrimer to Activated G Protein-Coupled Receptors.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of membrane proteins, serve as primary targets for over 30% of FDA-approved drugs. While signaling bias among Gα subtypes is well characterized, emerging evidence highlights that Gβγ subtypes govern the coupling of the Gα heterotrimer to GPCRs. However, whether Gβγ subtype selectivity depends on the receptor or the Gα subunit and the underlying mechanism remain unresolved.

Savanna ecosystems and mammalian adaptations in Mid-Miocene Northern China.

The paleoenvironments and ecosystems of northern China during the Miocene (ca. 23-5.3 Ma) are complex topics, especially concerning the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau on the surrounding areas and the ecological adaptations of mammals as a consequence.

Perceptual Quality Assessment of 360° Images Based on Generative Scanpath Representation.

Despite substantial efforts dedicated to the design of heuristic models for omnidirectional (i.e., 360°) image quality assessment (OIQA), a conspicuous gap remains due to the lack of consideration for the diversity of viewing behaviors that leads to the varying perceptual quality of 360° images.

Hemoglobin-to-Red Cell Distribution Width Ratio Was Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases and Death.

The hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width (RDW) ratio (HRR) reflects the status of inflammation and oxidative stress size. Previously, it has been suggested that HRR is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, evidence has been limited for examining the association between HRR and the incidence of specific cardiovascular events (e.

Highly Dispersed Cobalt Phosphide in Zeolites: Unlocking Superior Efficiency in Ammonia Borane Hydrolysis.

Ammonia borane (AB) is a promising material for chemical hydrogen storage; however, efficient hydrogen generation often relies on expensive noble metal catalysts. Herein, highly dispersed sub-3 nm transition metal phosphide nanoparticles supported in amino-functionalized Beta zeolites are developed using a facile impregnation method. The optimized Co-CoP/NH-Beta catalyst, benefiting from the structural modulation of cobalt phosphides and their interaction with the Brønsted acid sites of zeolites, achieves a high hydrogen generation rate of 240.

Source apportionment and risk quantification of soil heavy metals using SOM-PMF model: implications for ecological and human health management.

Precise source tracing and risk quantification of multi-source heavy metals (HMs) contamination in soil pose significant challenges for regional environmental management. This study proposed an innovative dynamic coupling model that combines a self-organizing map (SOM) and positive matrix factorization (PMF), overcoming the limitations of single models. The geo-accumulation index (I) and the initial ecological risk index (RI) were integrated with human health risks to form a comprehensive evaluation chain of "pollution source-exposure pathway-risk contribution.

Multi-Cation Doped MnO Induced Dual Nonradical Peroxymonosulfate Activation Pathways for Efficient Degradation of Organics.

Regulating electron transfer between peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and catalysts is a promising strategy to enhance the activity of the catalytic system. This work demonstrates a multi-cation co-doping strategy (Fe,Ni,Cu) to engineer the electronic configuration of δ-MnO, creating a novel nanocatalyst that synergistically couples electron transfer (PMS-ETP) with singlet oxygen (O) generation for efficient pollutant degradation. The optimized catalyst exhibits excellent PMS activation efficiency, achieving a removal rate of >90.

Targeting autophagy in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: A comprehensive review of scientific landscapes and therapeutic innovations.

Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) poses a major threat to elderly cancer patients, often leading to severe cardiac dysfunction and complicating the outcome of cancer treatment. Autophagy is one of the core mechanisms of DIC and is considered a key therapeutic target. We analyzed the status of research in the field of autophagy in DIC via bibliometric methods.

Alleviating Soybean Salt Stress via Suaeda salsa Intercropping: Roles of Desalinization and Root Interactions.

Halophyte-based intercropping alleviates salt stress in glycophytes by desalinization. However, the role of root interactions, which are key to system sustainability, is often overlooked. This study evaluated soybean (Glycine max) salt tolerance when intercropped with Suaeda salsa, a halophyte with high salt tolerance, under different root interaction modes: plastic sheet separation (PL), nylon mesh separation (NL), and no separation (NS).

Adrenomedullin in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Progression.

The pathogenesis of cancer is intricately associated with a multitude of factors, and its precise mechanisms continue to be a central focus of rigorous scientific inquiry. Adrenomedullin (ADM), initially characterized as a potent vasodilator, has subsequently been recognized for its diverse biological functions, including roles in angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and immune modulation. Recent studies have shown that ADM, secreted by tumor cells, also plays an important role in regulating immune escape and angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor cell proliferation, resisting apoptosis, adapting to anoxic environments, and participating in the process of chemotherapy resistance.

Numerical study on hydrodynamic characteristics of USP apparatus 3 using CFD method.

With the development of dissolution testing, the assessment of hydrodynamic characteristics of dissolution apparatus is crucial for understanding drug dissolution mechanisms. Therefore, the velocity and viscous shear stress (τ) distribution during a typical period are analyzed and quantified by modeling the hydrodynamics of USP apparatus 3 using CFD method. Additionally, the effects of dip rate and mesh screen on these variables are investigated.

Structural Similarity-Inspired Unfolding for Lightweight Image Super-Resolution.

Major efforts in data-driven image super-resolution (SR) primarily focus on expanding the receptive field of the model to better capture contextual information. However, these methods are typically implemented by stacking deeper networks or leveraging transformer-based attention mechanisms, which consequently increases model complexity. In contrast, model-driven methods based on the unfolding paradigm show promise in improving performance while effectively maintaining model compactness through sophisticated module design.

Heart failure, inflammation and exercise.

Heart failure (HF) is a condition characterized by high morbidity, mortality, and a substantial healthcare burden, in which inflammation plays a pivotal role. This review provides a comprehensive overview of inflammation in HF progression, highlighting the dynamic alterations in immune cell populations-such as monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils-and regulatory mechanisms of key signaling pathways, including JAK and NLRP3. Furthermore, the clinical relevance of inflammatory biomarkers in predicting disease prognosis is also discussed.

Dual-Level Cross-Modality Neural Architecture Search for Guided Image Super-Resolution.

Guided image super-resolution (GISR) aims to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) target image from its low-resolution (LR) counterpart with the guidance of a HR image from another modality. Existing learning-based methods typically employ symmetric two-stream networks to extract features from both the guidance and target images, and then fuse these features at either an early or late stage through manually designed modules to facilitate joint inference. Despite significant performance, these methods still face several issues: i) the symmetric architectures treat images from different modalities equally, which may overlook the inherent differences between them; ii) lower-level features contain detailed information while higher-level features capture semantic structures.

Visual Diagnostic Strategy for Assessing the Impact of Aerobic Glycolytic Processes on Tumor Growth and Therapy.

Investigating the role of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in tumor growth is significant for enhancing cancer treatment outcomes. This work proposes fluorescence lifetime endoscopic microscopy (FLIME) for the real-time visualization of aerobic glycolysis in the tumor microenvironment. We investigated the effect of NAMPT inhibition using the FK866 small-molecule inhibitor in a mouse model.