Host-Guest Metal Interaction in Cu-In Single Atom Alloy Switching Electrocatalytic CO Reduction Pathway.

The catalytic behavior of alloy electrocatalyst is strongly influenced by host-guest metal interaction, which governs adsorption energy and product selectivity. However, in conventional bimetallic alloy systems, the catalyst composition and the geometric configuration often obscure the identification of critical active sites. Here, we investigate the host-guest metal interaction in Cu-In single atom alloy (SAA) catalysts, demonstrating a remarkable switching of electrochemical CO reduction reaction (CORR) pathway.

ClMYB5-mediated regulation of ClVHP1 expression controls citric acid storage in wampee fruit.

Background: Fruit acidity, a crucial determinant of flavor and quality, is primarily governed by the content and composition of organic acids, with citric acid playing a dominant role. To unravel the molecular basis of citric acid accumulation, we analyzed four wampee (Clausena lansium) cultivars-sweet-type 'Huami' and 'Baitang' and sweet-sour-type 'Huami 2' and 'Wuhe'-by integrating transcriptomic data with organic acid profiling. Candidate genes were systematically screened based on their expression patterns and correlations with acid content.

Climate-driven expansion of Takayama acrotrocha blooms: First outbreak along the north coast of Shandong, China linked to intense precipitation and warming.

In Summer 2024, a dinoflagellate bloom broke out in the Bohai Sea along the north coast of Shandong peninsula. By approaches of morphological observation, pigment analysis and targeted gene sequencing, the bloom causative species was identified as dinoflagellate Takayama acrotrocha. The satellite imagery indicated that the bloom lasted from August 24 to September 8, and distributed mainly in the coastal waters extending from the Yellow River estuary to Yantai and Weihai, marking the northward expansion of this algal species along the coast of China.

Peripheral basophil activation: A hidden player in the immunopathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis.

Background: T helper 17 (Th17) cell infiltration and interleukin (IL)-17 secretion in intrahepatic small bile ducts is a critical driver of immune-mediated injury in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). IL-6 is an essential upstream activator of Th17 cells. Basophil-derived IL-6 promotes the differentiation of CD4+ T cells and Th1 cells into Th17 cells, thereby regulating their immunological functions.

Understanding the differences in rumen bacteria and their impact on dairy cows' production performance: A review.

This review aimed to summarize the relationship between rumen bacteria and production performance in dairy cows. The composition and metabolic functions of rumen bacteria significantly influenced production performance. However, previous studies lacked a systematic review of how variations in rumen bacterial composition correlate with production performance.

Full-time sequence assessment of okra seedling vigor under salt stress based on leaf area and leaf growth rate estimation using the YOLOv11-HSECal instance segmentation model.

Introduction: With the growing severity of global salinization, assessing plant growth vitality under salt stress has become a critical aspect in agricultural research.

Methods: In this paper, a method for calculating the leaf area and leaf growth rate of okra based on the YOLOv11-HSECal model is proposed, which is used to evaluate the activity of okra at the seedling stage. A high-throughput, Full-Time Sequence Crop Germination Vigor Monitoring System was developed to automatically capture image data from seed germination to seedling growth stage, while maintaining stable temperature and lighting conditions.

Change trajectory of dyadic coping and subjective well-being in patients with malignant bone tumors based on cross-lagged panel model and latent growth model: a longitudinal study.

Background: Malignant bone tumors can result in physical disability, which has a significant impact on the quality of patients' survival. Additionally, patients often experience high levels of psychological distress. The subjective well-being of patients with bone tumors is low, and this low level of well-being is the direct cause of the accumulation of negative emotions and misanthropy in patients.

Cost-utility of endoscopic screening strategies for upper gastrointestinal cancer across China: a modeling study.

Introduction: Endoscopic screening for upper gastrointestinal cancer (UGC) is effective, but it's cost-utility across comprehensive strategies remains unclear. We aimed to assess the cost-utility of various endoscopic screening strategies for UGC within the Chinese health care system.

Methods: This study assessed the cost-utility of 40 endoscopic screening strategies using a Markov model.

High peak viraemia followed by spontaneous HIV-1 control in women living with HIV-1 subtype A1 in East Africa.

Introduction: Cases of spontaneous control of HIV-1 can help define strategies to induce remission. Since the identification of viral control in the absence of treatment typically occurs after a prolonged period post-HIV-1 diagnosis, our knowledge of the early events after HIV-1 acquisition that led to viral control is limited.

Methods: The RV217 prospective cohort enrolled 2276 participants in East Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania) and Thailand between 2009 and 2015.

Environmental Footprint and Nutritional Intake of 1,000 Cantonese and Sichuan Dishes in China.

Transforming diets toward sustainability requires more than broad recommendations, which begin with a detailed understanding of what people eat. In many cultures, especially in Asia, food is consumed in the form of complex, culturally specific dishes rather than isolated ingredients. Yet, most existing assessments of dietary sustainability remain disconnected from how meals are experienced in daily life.

Ten thousand hour stable zinc air batteries via Fe and W dual atom sites.

Durable and highly active oxygen electrocatalysts are crucial to the large-scale application of rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Here we utilize the N unit in phthalocyanine molecule to trap the tungsten atoms scratched off from the tungsten carbide milling balls and place the obtained W-N unit adjacent to the Fe-N units from iron (Ⅱ) phthalocyanine, resulting in highly active Fe-N/W-N diatomic sites with well-pronounced 3d-5d hybrid for efficient and durable oxygen electrocatalysis. The electron distribution of the Fe-N site is optimized by the neighboring W-N site, which facilitates the O activation and the desorption of *OH and enhances the catalytic activity of the Fe-N site.

Folic Acid Supplementation Alleviates Donor Cattle's Heat Stress and Improves in Vitro Embryo Production Efficiency in Summer.

To mitigate the detrimental effects of heat stress (HS) on the production efficiency of Wagyu cattle oocyte pick-up (OPU) - in vitro fertilization (IVF), this study conducted a 20-day folic acid (VB9) supplementation trial in Wagyu cattle under HS conditions. Using a staged repeated measurements design, OPU-IVF production procedures were performed on Wagyu cattle (12-month-old, n=5 out of 20 total) at six time points during the supplementation period (Days 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20). ELISA-based biochemical assays were employed to evaluate the effects of VB9 supplementation on HS-related indicators in serum and follicular fluid of Wagyu cattle under HS conditions.

Development of Pretreatment Approaches for Authentic Representation of Tea Infusion Aroma.

Appropriate aroma extraction methods are crucial prerequisites for accurately and objectively characterizing the authentic aroma profile of samples. Purified water and ionized water were used as brewing water, and the effects of different tea-to-water ratios, extraction temperatures, and extraction times on the aroma authenticity and component enrichment of tea infusions were compared. The conditions of a tea-to-water ratio of 1 g:10 mL, extraction at 30 °C for 30 or 45 min were identified as the optimal parameter range, which could maximize the enrichment of aroma while maintaining fidelity.

Structural Basis of Substrate Recognition and Nucleotide Specificity in the Class III-b LanKC Enzyme SalKC.

Lanthipeptides are ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) with potent antimicrobial functions. Their biosynthesis is carried out by dedicated biosynthetic enzymes, including the recently described Class III-b LanKC enzymes, which represent a newly defined subclass of trifunctional synthetases. Here, we report the high-resolution cryo-EM structure and biochemical characterization of SalKC from , which catalyzes the maturation of the antimicrobial peptide salivaricin.

Exploring the relationship between metabolic syndrome and vestibular dysfunction: NHANES data and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with an increased risk of various health issues, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential connection to vestibular dysfunction. However, the nature of this relationship remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the association between MetS and vestibular dysfunction using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.

Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveal the Role of Circulating Inflammatory Proteins in Mediating Functional Brain Networks and Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Effects.

Objective: The perception of pain is thought to arise from the integration of information between multiple brain regions. Data from observational studies indicates that dysfunction of brain resting-state functional networks is present in a wide range of peripheral neuropathic pain (pNP). The present study thus sought to investigate whether a causal relationship exists and to determine the potential mediating role of circulating inflammatory proteins in this association.

A framework for robotic manipulation tasks based on multiple zero shot models.

Humans tackle unknown tasks by integrating information from multiple sensory modalities. Existing robotic frameworks struggle to achieve effective multimodal manipulation, especially when sufficient training data is lacking. This study introduces "Panda Act", a novel robotic manipulation mechanism that leverages large language models (LLMs) and multimodal zero-shot models.

Profiles and Transitions of Adolescents' Differentiation of Self and Perceived Social Support: Associations With Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms.

We aimed to investigate the coexistence, profiles, and transitions of differentiation of self (DoS) and perceived social support (PSS), and the associations between transitions and adolescents' loneliness and depressive symptoms. We surveyed 1342 adolescents (Age: M = 14.14, SD = 1.

GATA transcription factors in bivalves: Genomic diversity, evolutionary conservation, and roles in environmental adaptation.

The GATA transcription factors, characterized by conserved zinc-finger domains, play crucial roles in regulating gene expression during development and environmental adaptation in animals. However, their evolutionary patterns and functional characteristics in bivalves remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified 118 GATA genes across 32 bivalve species uncovering the conservation and diversity of this gene family during evolution.

Carbon-Caged-Yttria Catalysts for Stable Electrosynthesis of HO in Concentrated Acid.

The electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO), with renewable electricity, air, and water as inputs, offers a sustainable alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process. Performing HO electrosynthesis in concentrated acid offers advantages in functionality and energy efficiency over alkaline media yet is currently limited by short longevity. Here, we first investigate the origins of performance loss of oxidized carbon, a proven catalyst for HO electrosynthesis, and observe its gradual reduction to pristine carbon during acidic electrolysis.

Heterogeneity in prognosis for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: A multicenter analysis of 4,623 patients across five major staging systems.

Background & Aims: Multiple staging systems for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have led to heterogeneous definitions of "early-stage" disease, potentially affecting treatment decisions and outcomes. This study aimed to quantify the prognostic variations among patients undergoing curative hepatic resection for "early-stage" HCC, as defined by five major staging systems.

Methods: In this multicenter study, 4623 patients who underwent curative resection for newly diagnosed HCC (2014-2023) across 11 tertiary hospitals were analyzed.

CAFs exosomal miR-21-5p suppresses ferroptosis and promotes proliferation and migration in osteosarcoma.

Background: Osteosarcoma is one of the malignant tumors in children and adolescents patients. Uncontrolled and unlimited proliferation and metastasis lead to poor overall survival. CAFs play a pivotal role in the osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment, exerting significant influence on prognosis and treatment outcomes.

A practical photocatalytic strategy for radical (deuterio)difluoromethylation using imidazolium reagents.

The difluoromethyl group (CFH) has garnered significant interest in medicinal chemistry owing to its unique biochemical and physicochemical properties. Its deuterated counterpart (CFD), building on the established utility of CFH, exhibits multifaceted potential for advancing biomedical research and therapeutic development. While the incorporation of the difluoromethyl group (CFH) into drug molecules has matured, efficient installation of its deuterated counterpart (CFD) remains a formidable challenge in medicinal chemistry.

Identification and analysis of caspase genes in bivalves and their expression patterns in noble scallop Chlamys nobilis under low-temperature stress.

Apoptosis is essential for a variety of biological processes, such as tissue homeostasis, organism development, and responses to environmental stresses. As central regulators of apoptosis, cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases) orchestrate the intermediate and execution phases. However, the roles of the caspase gene family in bivalves is still unknown.