B cell receptor repertoires identified by next-generation sequencing showed signatures associated with incomplete immune reconstitution in people living with HIV.

Incomplete immune reconstitution poses a significant challenge for anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected individuals. The role of B cell receptors (BCRs) in immune reconstitution, a critical aspect of the immune system, has not been well elucidated in ART-experienced people. We analyzed the BCR heavy chain repertoire in immune non-responders (INRs) and immune responders (IRs) by next-generation sequencing.

Dosage and duration of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy Post-Kasai portoenterostomy in biliary atresia: a multicenter cross-sectional study with age stratification.

Purpose: Evaluate clinical efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in biliary atresia (BA) infants post-Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) using real-world data.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 698 BA patients from eight Chinese pediatric centers (2020-2025). Age-stratified analyses used propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust baseline differences.

Biological characteristics and epidemiological insights into the zoonotic potential of Colpodella spp.: a scoping review.

Background: Colpodella species are classified within the domain Eukaryota, specifically under the order Colpodellida, family Colpodellaceae, and genus Colpodella, which are close relative of the phylum Apicomplexa. These organisms are unicellular, predatory flagellates. In recent years, their frequent detection in animal tissues, vector insect samples, and particularly in human has garnered significant attention as an emerging zoonotic threat.

Theileria luwenshuni and Novel Babesia spp. Infections in Humans, Yunnan Province, China.

Piroplasmid parasites such as Theileria luwenshuni protozoa pose a global threat to both animal and human health. However, human theileriosis remains underexplored compared to infections caused by Plasmodium and Babesia species parasites. We investigated potential hemoparasite infections among 1,721 persons with fever, anemia, or both in Yunnan Province, China.

Structural changes in the gray matter of the contralateral hemisphere and prognosis of motor function in children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy before and after hemispherotomy.

Objective: Hemispherotomy (HS) is an effective treatment option to control seizures for children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. We aimed to explore the alteration of the gray matter structure before and after surgery and identify the specific brain regions associated with preoperative neuropsychological development and postoperative motor development.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, clinical parameters and follow-up data in 46 children who underwent hemispherotomy (HS) at our hospital between 2018 and 2022, and 32 controls were included.

Inflammatory factor CCL2 enhances the interaction between monocyte-macrophage cells and liver parenchymal cells to promote liver inflammation and fibrosis in biliary atresia.

Background: Liver fibrosis in biliary atresia (BA) progresses rapidly and has distinct characteristics; however, current studies have not identified effective prevention or treatment strategies to address this issue.

Methods: BA liver tissues with different degrees of liver fibrosis (n = 4), liver tissues of choledochal cyst (n = 2), and liver tissues of the normal control (NC) group (n = 2) were selected. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics (ST), and Mendelian randomization (MR) were integrated for analysis.

Carbon-Caged-Yttria Catalysts for Stable Electrosynthesis of HO in Concentrated Acid.

The electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (HO), with renewable electricity, air, and water as inputs, offers a sustainable alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process. Performing HO electrosynthesis in concentrated acid offers advantages in functionality and energy efficiency over alkaline media yet is currently limited by short longevity. Here, we first investigate the origins of performance loss of oxidized carbon, a proven catalyst for HO electrosynthesis, and observe its gradual reduction to pristine carbon during acidic electrolysis.

Quantification of Lewis Acidity and Lewis Basicity: A Density-Based Reactivity Theory Study.

Lewis acidity and basicity are among the most widely applied concepts across chemistry, biology, and related disciplines. Yet, their accurate calculation and prediction remain challenging. In this study, we employ descriptors derived from density-based reactivity theory to offer a new and quantitative perspective.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of a digital-intelligent-system-based implementation strategy in improving the quality of prehospital medical care: rationale and design of a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial.

Background: Currently, prehospital emergency medical care procedures and quality vary among different medical institutions, and there is no effective implementation strategy for improving medical quality. Acute cardiovascular disease imposes major burdens to all involved parties and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Prehospital care for acute cardiovascular disease requires scientific implementation strategies.

Toward more accurate quantification: A review of global large river basin management policies.

As primary carriers of water resources, large river basins are crucial in water resources management, and their effective management requires appropriate policy measures. Given the complexity and variety of these policies, it is essential to quantitatively assess their completeness and effectiveness, to aid managers in selecting suitable policies and promptly adjusting management practices. However, there remains room for improvement in global research on river basin management policies.

Information Theory Meets Quantum Chemistry: A Review and Perspective.

In this survey, we begin with a concise introduction to information theory within Shannon's framework, focusing on the key concept of Shannon entropy and its related quantities: relative entropy, joint entropy, conditional entropy, and mutual information. We then demonstrate how to apply these information-theoretic tools in quantum chemistry, adopting either classical or quantum formalisms based on the choice of information carrier involved.

The effects of twin-screw extrusion conditions on the flavor quality of sturgeon mince: Lipid metabolic pathways.

The difficulty to control the flavor quality of sturgeon meat products is a major problem that limits the development of processing industry. The twin-screw extrusion technique was used to investigate the effects of closed processing conditions on lipid, volatile compounds and flavor quality. The flavor, metabolites, and lipids of extruded surimi changed significantly after processing temperature reaching 160 °C, and the intensity of flavors at 200 rpm was higher than that in the lower rotational speed groups.

Extending the information-theoretic approach from the (one) electron density to the pair density.

Within the framework of chemical reactivity theory, information-theoretic descriptors have predominantly focused on global and local measures, while nonlocal descriptors beyond Shannon entropy remain largely unexplored. By extending the information carrier from the one-electron density to the two-electron distribution function (pair density), this work introduces information-theoretic descriptors rooted in both one-electron and pair densities. This broadens the scope of the information-theoretic approach (ITA) and introduces new types of ITA descriptors, notably the joint, conditional, and mutual ITA quantities.

Cytomegalovirus infection in infants with biliary atresia in China: a multi-center investigation study.

Background And Objectives: Biliary atresia (BA) with concurrent cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a distinct subtype that is linked to a poorer prognosis. Currently, there are no standardized criteria for the diagnosis or antiviral treatment (AVT) of this condition. It has a high prevalence in China.

Multiproperty Deep Learning of the Correlation Energy of Electrons and the Physicochemical Properties of Molecules.

The density-based descriptors from the information-theoretic approach (ITA) are used as features for multiproperty deep learning (DL), predicting the correlation energy and physicochemical properties of molecules. In addition to response properties (molecular polarizability α and NMR shielding constant σ) where ITA has been shown to work well before, we consider four conceptually distinct but practically related concepts: electron correlation, redox potential, octanol-water partition coefficient (log), and the wavelength of maximum absorption (λ). The DL-predicted results are in good agreement with either the calculated or experimental counterparts, indicative of the model's robustness.

Babesia microti (Babesiidae, Piroplasmida) infection in a Chinese traveler returning from the United States of America.

Background: Human babesiosis, caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the genus Babesia (Piroplasmida, Babesiidae), is a globally emerging zoonosis transmitted primarily through Ixodes spp. ticks. Babesia microti, which is endemic particularly in the northeastern and midwestern United States, accounts for the majority of globally reported human cases.

Sirtuin-3 activation by honokiol attenuated anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal ferroptosis via inhibiting mitochondrial GPX4 acetylation.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND), a prevalent neurological complication in elderly patients following anesthesia and surgery, has recently been linked to ferroptosis as a central pathogenic mechanism. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a NAD-dependent deacetylase, exhibits neuroprotective properties in neurodegenerative disorders, including PND. However, its role in neuronal ferroptosis during PND remains unclear.

Spontaneous water dissociation on intermetallic electride LaCuSi enhances electrochemical methanization of CO.

Renewable electricity driven CO electroreduction into methane offers a sustainable route to mitigate our dependence on natural gas. However, this route is now limited by the unsatisfied efficiency and short durability, which originates from a kinetic disparity between water dissociation (WD) and proton-coupled electron transfer on existing catalysts. Herein, we harness the exceptional WD capability of the intermetallic electride (IE) materials for the electrocatalytic methanization from CO.

MXene-Enhanced Laser-Induced Graphene Flexible Sensor with Rapid Response for Monitoring Pilots' Body Motion.

Flexible wearable strain sensors demonstrate promising application prospects in health monitoring, human-machine interaction, motion tracking, and the detection of human physiological signals. Although laser-induced graphene (LIG) materials have been extensively utilized in these scenarios, traditional types of LIG sensors are constrained by intrinsic limitations, including discontinuous conductive networks and electromechanical responsive hysteresis. These limitations hinder their applications in micro-strain detection scenarios.

Scar-associated macrophages and biliary epithelial cells interaction exacerbates hepatic fibrosis in biliary atresia.

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe pediatric biliary disorder characterized by the progressive obstruction of liver bile ducts. In the absence of treatment, fibrosis advances rapidly in most affected children. Despite the identification of various factors contributing to fibrosis progression, comprehensive investigations into the microenvironmental alterations within the liver are still scarce.

Host taxonomy and environment shapes insectivore viromes and viral spillover risks in Southwestern China.

Background: Zoonotic viruses originating from small mammals pose significant challenges to public health on a global scale. Insectivores, serving as natural reservoirs for a diverse array of zoonotic viruses, are known to carry a multitude of viral species. However, compared to the extensive research conducted on rodents (Rodentia) and bats (Chiroptera), the role of insectivores in harboring and transmitting unknown pathogens remains underexplored, which may lead to a severe underestimation of their contributions and impact to global public health.

Lyciumines A and B: Two Pyrrole-Fused Alkaloids from the Fruits of .

Two novel pyrrole-fused alkaloids, lyciumines A () and B (), were isolated from the fruits of . Their structures were elucidated by analysis of NMR spectroscopic and MS spectrometric data, along with computational studies. Compound represents a novel pyrroloindoline alkaloid with a rare 6/5/5/6 tetracyclic system connected with a 2-formyl-5-methylpyrrole moiety via a C-C bond.

Broken symmetries associated with a Kagome chiral charge order.

Chirality, or handedness, is ubiquitous in science, from cell biology to physics, and in condensed matter can underlie exotic phases such as chiral charge density waves and chiral superconductivity. However, detecting subtle broken symmetries that define such states is challenging, leading to debate and controversy. Here, using second-order optical response, we reveal the broken symmetries of a chiral charge density wave in the Kagome lattice KVSb.

Ultrasound-assisted optimization extraction and biological activities analysis of flavonoids from Sanghuangporus sanghuang.

The fungus Sanghuangporus sanghuang possesses notable medicinal and edible characteristics, displaying a diverse array of biological functionalities. This research endeavor seeks to investigate the procedure of extracting flavonoids from S. sanghuang, and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids extraction from S.

Tailoring Oxygen Vacancies with Atomically Dispersed Cu Sites for Stable and Efficient Photothermal CO Conversion.

Photothermal catalysis under mild conditions represents a promising and sustainable approach for CO conversion into high-value chemicals, thereby enabling efficient carbon recycling. However, precise manipulation of active sites and their coordination environments at the atomic level to enhance catalyst performance still remains a challenge. Here, we present a single-atom doping strategy for oxygen vacancy engineering to facilitate efficient CO conversion.