Enfortumab vedotin in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer after disease progression on platinum- and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-containing regimens: Phase 2 international multicenter EV-202 study.

Purpose: Enfortumab vedotin (EV), a novel antibody-drug conjugate directed against Nectin-4, was explored in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in cohorts 3 and 4 of the open-label, multicohort, Phase 2 EV-202 study (NCT04225117).

Methods: Patients with squamous and non-squamous NSCLC previously treated with platinum and PD-1/L1 inhibitors received EV 1.25 mg/kg intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles.

Quantification of Lewis Acidity and Lewis Basicity: A Density-Based Reactivity Theory Study.

Lewis acidity and basicity are among the most widely applied concepts across chemistry, biology, and related disciplines. Yet, their accurate calculation and prediction remain challenging. In this study, we employ descriptors derived from density-based reactivity theory to offer a new and quantitative perspective.

Enantioselective Chemical Probe for Chikungunya nsP2 Helicase with Antialphaviral Activity.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) replication relies on the multifunctional nsP2 protein, making it an attractive target for antiviral drug discovery. Here, we report the resolution of oxaspiropiperidine , a first-in-class inhibitor of the CHIKV nsP2 RNA helicase (nsP2hel), into its constitutive enantiomers and characterization of their antiviral activity. The enantiomer ()- exhibited potent inhibition of viral replication, nsP2hel ATPase activity, and dsRNA unwinding, while the ()- enantiomer was >100-fold less active.

Information Theory Meets Quantum Chemistry: A Review and Perspective.

In this survey, we begin with a concise introduction to information theory within Shannon's framework, focusing on the key concept of Shannon entropy and its related quantities: relative entropy, joint entropy, conditional entropy, and mutual information. We then demonstrate how to apply these information-theoretic tools in quantum chemistry, adopting either classical or quantum formalisms based on the choice of information carrier involved.

Fermentation Products Originated from Promote Hepatic-Intestinal Health in Largemouth Bass, .

The fermentation product FP-WeiGuangSu is regarded as a novel, green and efficient antibiotic substitute. Such products constitute one of the principal strategies for addressing bacterial diseases in aquaculture in the future. This study investigates the effects of FPs derived from on the antioxidant capacity and gut microbiota of Largemouth Bass ().

Extending the information-theoretic approach from the (one) electron density to the pair density.

Within the framework of chemical reactivity theory, information-theoretic descriptors have predominantly focused on global and local measures, while nonlocal descriptors beyond Shannon entropy remain largely unexplored. By extending the information carrier from the one-electron density to the two-electron distribution function (pair density), this work introduces information-theoretic descriptors rooted in both one-electron and pair densities. This broadens the scope of the information-theoretic approach (ITA) and introduces new types of ITA descriptors, notably the joint, conditional, and mutual ITA quantities.

A dynamic adaptive readout method for readout electronics of superconducting quantum computing.

Real-time control and readout are pivotal in superconducting quantum computing, given the imperative for numerous algorithms to perform quantum operations as much as possible within the qubit coherent time. Here, we specifically address the qubit readout, recognized as the most time-consuming operation within our experimental platform, and propose a dynamic adaptive readout method (DARM) to improve the performance of qubit readout. In contrast to a standard readout method (SRM) employing Gaussian Naïve Bayes as a discriminator, the DARM can demonstrate a 22.

Multiproperty Deep Learning of the Correlation Energy of Electrons and the Physicochemical Properties of Molecules.

The density-based descriptors from the information-theoretic approach (ITA) are used as features for multiproperty deep learning (DL), predicting the correlation energy and physicochemical properties of molecules. In addition to response properties (molecular polarizability α and NMR shielding constant σ) where ITA has been shown to work well before, we consider four conceptually distinct but practically related concepts: electron correlation, redox potential, octanol-water partition coefficient (log), and the wavelength of maximum absorption (λ). The DL-predicted results are in good agreement with either the calculated or experimental counterparts, indicative of the model's robustness.

Brazing of Thin-Walled Stainless Steel Using Environmentally Friendly Ni-Cr-P Electrodeposition: Degradation Mechanism of Brazed Joint and Corresponding Improvement Strategy.

A new brazing process for thin-walled stainless steel was proposed by combining green and efficient Ni-Cr-P electrodeposition with brazing technology. Novel information was attained by analyzing the electrodeposited Ni-Cr-P interlayers and the brazed joints and characterizing them using a combination of advanced techniques. The incorporation mechanisms of impurities (i.

Metabolomic Analysis of Maize Response to Northern Corn Leaf Blight.

As a major food crop, maize is highly susceptible to pathogenic bacteria, which greatly reduces its yield and quality. Metabolomics reveals physiological and biochemical changes in organisms and aids in analyzing metabolic changes caused by various factors. This study utilized metabolomics to examine maize's metabolic changes after NCLB infestation, aiming to uncover related pathways and potential biomarkers.

What Dictates the α-Effect in Gas-Phase S2 Reactions? A Density Functional Theory Study.

The α-effect is an important concept in chemistry and biochemistry, namely that for a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S2) reaction, the nucleophilicity of an atom is increased if its adjacent (α) atom has a lone pair of electrons, lowering the reaction barrier height and increasing the reaction rate. However, exceptions exist, even for very similar structural motifs. We investigate what underlies the α-effect in gas-phase S2 reactions using two total energy decomposition schemes based on density functional theory (DFT) and find that steric effects play an important role, but that there exists a strong linear correlation between the α-effect and electrostatic contribution, suggesting that it is the electrostatic interaction that stabilizes the transition state and leads to the α-effect in gas-phase S2 reactions.

Using Energetic Information Quantities from Density Functional Theory to Simultaneously Identify Both Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions.

Covalent bonding and noncovalent interactions are important chemical concepts and how to identify them has been of current interest in the literature. Within the framework of density functional theory (DFT), we recently proposed a few qualitative descriptors to categorize different types of interactions with Pauli energy and its derivatives. In this work, we expand the scope by including the quantities derived from energetic information, which were recently proposed and thoroughly investigated by us from the framework of information-theoretic approach (ITA) in DFT.

Research on high-performance, real-time periodic signal detection method based on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

Long-Time Coherent Integration (LTCI) utilizes digital integration to combine multiple coherent cycles, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our previous work introduced single-bit LTCI, an approach optimized for FPGA implementation, but faced challenges of output saturation at high SNR levels and inherent limitations in SNR gain (SNRG), which are insufficient for certain applications. This paper presents a threshold tracking method that improves the performance of single-bit LTCI in high-SNR scenarios.

Comparison of clinical outcomes in patients with advanced pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma treated with immunotherapy-based regimens or chemotherapy: A study based on the SEER database and multicentric real-world settings.

Background: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare lung cancer characterized by early metastasis and invasion. It is predominantly diagnosed at a locally advanced or metastatic stage, hindering the possibility of surgical intervention. However, a standard treatment for advanced PSC remains unestablished.

A digital servo for ultra-stable laser frequency stabilization.

We present a fully digital servo optimized for ultra-stable laser frequency stabilization. Experiments such as optical clock experiments can achieve high laser frequency stability, imposing high bandwidth, high precision, and low noise requirements on servo systems. The laser system utilizes the Pound-Drever-Hall method, employing an ultra-stable cavity to generate an error signal for servo input.

Development of a CLYC-based wide dose rate range portable neutron-gamma detector.

This paper describes the development of a portable neutron-gamma detector for environmental radiation monitoring based on the CLYC crystal. It can function as a gamma spectrometer, gamma dosimeter, and thermal neutron counter. The upper measurement limit of gamma dose rate is approximately 6 mSv/h by using the proposed current mode in CLYC crystal and PMT.

Why are information-theoretic descriptors powerful predictors of atomic and molecular polarizabilities.

Context: We rationalize the excellent performance of information-theoretic descriptors for predicting atomic and molecular polarizabilities. It seems that descriptors which capture information about the change in valence-shell structure, especially the relative Fisher information measures, are particularly useful. Using this, we can rationalize why the G3 form of the relative Fisher information, which measures the deviation of effective nuclear charge between an atom-in-a-molecule and the reference pro-atom, is especially effective as a predictor of molecular polarizability.

Information-theoretic quantities as effective descriptors of electrophilicity and nucleophilicity in density functional theory.

Context: Electrophilicity and nucleophilicity are two vastly important chemical concepts gauging the capability of atoms in molecules to accept and donate the maximal number of electrons. In our earlier studies, we proposed to simultaneously quantify them using the Kullback-Leibler divergence from the information-theoretic approach in density functional theory. However, several issues with this scheme remain to be clarified such as its general validity, predictability, and relationship with other information-theoretic quantities.

Density-based quantification of steric effects: validation by Taft steric parameters from acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters.

The steric effect is one of the most widely used concepts for chemical understanding in publications and textbooks, yet a well-accepted formulation of this effect is still elusive. Experimentally, this concept was quantified by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters, yielding the so-called Taft steric parameter. Theoretically, we recently proposed a density-based scheme to quantify the effect from density functional theory.

A general and mild synthetic method for fused-ring electronic acceptors.

Fused-ring electronic acceptors (FREAs) have transformed the field of organic solar cells. However, the prevailing syntheses of FREAs suffer from low yield, difficulty in separation, and high cost. Here, we report new and streamlined syntheses with three distinctive key steps.

Synthesis of Lactams via a Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Aniline Cyclization.

The enantioenriched lactams disclosed in this work are synthesized concisely in four steps. In the penultimate reaction, a benzylamine species complexes with a chiral phosphoric acid to produce benzo-fused δ-lactams equipped with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. Partial and full reductions were carried out on the ester and amide moieties, and a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling expanded the molecule from the aromatic ring.

Energetic Information from Information-Theoretic Approach in Density Functional Theory as Quantitative Measures of Physicochemical Properties.

The Hohenberg-Kohn theorem of density functional theory (DFT) stipulates that energy is a universal functional of electron density in the ground state, so energy can be thought of having encoded essential information for the density. Based on this, we recently proposed to quantify energetic information within the framework of information-theoretic approach (ITA) of DFT (. , 157, 101103).