Spatial transcriptomic analysis across histological subtypes reveals molecular heterogeneity and prognostic markers in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: The progression and prognosis of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma are closely associated with histologic subtypes, yet the presence of mixed histologic patterns often complicates prognostic assessment. Currently, the correlation between molecular and histologic features remains poorly understood.

Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples were collected from patients with primary early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, encompassing three histologic subtypes: well-differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated.

Toward Flexible Low-Voltage Complementary Circuits with Solution-Deposited Organic Semiconductor Single-Crystal Films.

Organic semiconductor single crystals (OSSCs) hold promising prospects in high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) owing to the advantages of longrange ordering and few defects. However, until now, OSSCs have not shown their strength in flexible complementary integrated circuits, partly due to the lack of high-quality dielectric layers suitable for both large-area crystal growth by solution method and the construction of high-performance n-channel and p-channel transistors simultaneously. Herein, flexible OFETs are fabricated with solution-processed large-area OSSCs and dual-crosslinked bilayer dielectrics, in which the bottom high-k polymer provides key dielectric properties and the top low-k polymer offers improved semiconductor/dielectric interface.

Minimization of Resource Consumption with URLLC Constraints for Relay-Assisted IIoT.

In relay-assisted Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems with ultra-reliable low-latency communication (uRLLC) requirements, finite blocklength coding imposes stringent resource constraints. In this work, the packet error probability (PEP) and blocklength allocation across two-hop links are jointly optimized to minimize total blocklength (resource consumption) while satisfying reliability, latency, and throughput requirements. The original multi-variable problem is decomposed into two tractable subproblems.

Environmental stability characteristics of the immobilization effect of sulfhydryl grafted palygorskite on soil-available cadmium.

The stability of heavy metal immobilization amendments represents a critical factor in evaluating remediation effectiveness. To comprehensively investigate the environmental stability of a novel amendment, sulfhydryl grafted palygorskite (SGP), a series of experiments encompassing chemical exposure and sorption, incubation with simulated acid rain and thermal variations, and field validation were conducted. SGP demonstrated chemical stability across diverse media, including ambient atmosphere, aqueous solutions (HO, CuSO, and HO), and heterogeneous soil matrices, as evidenced by a maximum relative standard deviation of changes in the free sulfhydryl content and a sorption capacity below 5%.

Selectivity characteristics of immobilization effects of sulfhydryl grafted palygorskite on heavy metals in soils.

Sulfhydryl-based amendments are emerging immobilization agents for heavy metal contaminated soils, though their immobilization selectivity remains incompletely understood. To elucidate the sorption preferences and immobilization selectivity of sulfhydryl grafted palygorskite (SGP), series of experiments including solution sorption, spectroscopic characterization, density functional theory (DFT) calculation, soil incubation, and plant pot cultivation were conducted. Sulfhydryl grafting significantly enhanced SGP's sorption capacities for Cu, Hg and Cd.

Serum 25(OH)D levels and mortality risk among middle-aged and elderly populations in the U.S.: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its relationship with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among middle-aged and elderly populations in the U.S.

Methods: Data were sourced from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2018.

Expression characteristics and biological significance of exosome-related genes in lung cancer.

Background: Lung cancer stands as one of the most prevalent malignancies globally, with its high morbidity and mortality intimately associated with its inconspicuous early symptoms, the advanced stages at diagnosis, and resistance to conventional therapeutic interventions. Exosomes, serving as pivotal mediators of intercellular communication, carry biomolecules that play crucial roles in tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis, holding promise as novel targets for early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and treatment of lung cancer.

Methods: In this study, lung cancer-related datasets were obtained from the GEO database and TCGA.

Lapachol, a naphthoquinone identified through chemical screening, inhibits plant immunity.

Quinones, a ubiquitous class of organic compounds produced in all kingdoms of life, are recognized for their diverse biological functions. In plants, quinones are implicated in allelopathy, where they act as allelochemicals influencing the growth and development of neighboring plants, of which one well-documented role of quinone is in the induction of haustoria of parasitic plant roots. In this study, through an immune marker gene-based chemical biology screening, we identified Lapachol, a naphthoquinone originally isolated from species of the Bignoniaceae family.

Simulation of pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization in the steady state.

In pulsed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), enhancement of bulk nuclear polarization requires the repeated application of a microwave pulse sequence. So far, analysis of a one-time transfer of electron spin polarization to a dipolar-coupled nuclear spin has guided the design of DNP pulse sequences. This has obvious shortcomings, such as the inability to predict the optimal repetition time.

Lipid droplets in plants: turnover and stress responses.

Lipid droplets (LDs) have emerged as dynamic organelles central to plant lipid metabolism, stress adaptation, and energy homeostasis. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding LD biogenesis and degradation in plants, highlighting conserved and divergent mechanisms relative to other eukaryotes. LD formation originates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where neutral lipids synthesized by diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGAT) and phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDAT) accumulate into lens-like structures.

Tislelizumab (anti-PD-1) plus chemotherapy as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with stage IB3/IIA2 cervical cancer (NATIC): a prospective, single-arm, phase II study.

The clinical benefit of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) remains unclear. This single-arm, phase II study (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200065392) aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy in treatment-naïve patients with stage IB3/IIA2 LACC. Enrolled patients received tislelizumab (200 mg, every 3 weeks) plus chemotherapy for 3 cycles before radical surgery.

Software for complex group sequential designs.

Group sequential design (GSD) is a statistical methodology employed in clinical trials to enable interim analyses (IA) and potential early termination based on accumulating data. It has gained significant popularity in the field of clinical trials due to its ability to enhance decision-making and expedite the development of effective treatments. The implementation of GSD has grown progressively intricate in recent times.

The immunological pathogenesis of vitiligo and the potential role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in its treatment.

Vitiligo is a dermatological condition that affects millions of individuals globally and is frequently precipitated by damage to or dysfunction of melanocytes. Despite the availability of various therapeutic options, the management of vitiligo remains a significant challenge, underscoring the necessity for innovative treatment approaches. Currently, Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) have gained prominence as a therapeutic modality in the research of numerous diseases, owing to their remarkable paracrine effects, making them a promising strategy for immunomodulation and tissue repair.

Pleiotropic heritability quantifies the shared genetic variance of common diseases.

Common diseases are highly pleiotropic, but the overall contribution of pleiotropy to a target disease's architecture is unknown, as most studies focus on genetic correlations with each auxiliary disease in turn. Here we propose a new method, pleiotropic heritability with bias correction (PHBC), to estimate pleiotropic heritability ( ), defined as the liability-scale genetic variance of a target disease that is shared with a specific set of auxiliary diseases. We estimate from GWAS summary statistics by estimating the proportion of variance explained from an estimated genetic correlation matrix and employing a Monte-Carlo bias correction procedure to account for sampling noise in genetic correlation estimates.

Engineering of Global Transcriptional Regulators (GTRs) in for Natural Product Discovery.

The genus is an important group of filamentous fungi, and the various biological activities of its secondary metabolites (SMs) have great biosynthetic potential. Despite over 4200 SMs having been isolated from spp., their metabolic potential remains unexplored due to the presence of numerous silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in their genomes.

Inhibition by dissolved organic matter of the degradation of purine compounds by the sulfate radical.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been known to inhibit the degradation of compounds in advanced oxidation processes but quantitative understanding is lacking. Given the variable concentrations and properties of DOM in real aquatic systems, the concentration-dependent kinetics of compounds degradation were systematically investigated in the presence of 8 DOM isolates separately during UV/peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) process. Due to the ubiquitous presence of purine compounds in aquatic environments, guanine was selected as a model purine compound.

Diffusive gradient in thin films combined with machine learning to discern the accumulation characteristics and driving factors of Cd and Cu in soil-rice systems.

The dietary exposure risk of cadmium (Cd) in rice is significantly higher than that of copper (Cu), while the co-migration of Cd and Cu in the soil-crop system may enhance the bioavailability of pollution, thus making rapid and accurate prediction of their accumulation in crops essential for assessing the risks associated with cultivated land. However, the previous prediction methods based on the total content of heavy metals in soil or in a single form have certain limitations. We collected 82 pairs of soil and rice samples from Hunan Province in China and used diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technology combined with chemical extraction (ultrapure water, acidic ammonium oxalate, calcium chloride) to explore the bioavailability characteristic of Cd and Cu, while machine learning (ML) models for Cd and Cu accumulation in rice were developed by integrating soil physicochemical parameters and heavy metal speciation.

A dynamic adaptive readout method for readout electronics of superconducting quantum computing.

Real-time control and readout are pivotal in superconducting quantum computing, given the imperative for numerous algorithms to perform quantum operations as much as possible within the qubit coherent time. Here, we specifically address the qubit readout, recognized as the most time-consuming operation within our experimental platform, and propose a dynamic adaptive readout method (DARM) to improve the performance of qubit readout. In contrast to a standard readout method (SRM) employing Gaussian Naïve Bayes as a discriminator, the DARM can demonstrate a 22.

Dietary Galacto-Oligosaccharides Enhance Growth Performance and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets: A Sustainable Alternative to Antibiotics.

Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are recognized prebiotics with extensive applications in animal nutrition. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of chlortetracycline (CTC) supplementation alongside GOS on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and microbiota composition in weaned piglets. A total of 72 weaned piglets [(Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] with an initial body weight of 7.

Predicting Imminent Conversion to Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Multimodal Data and Ensemble Machine Learning.

Objective: Exudative age-related macular degeneration (eAMD) is a major cause of central vision loss. Identifying patients at high risk of imminent eAMD could enable timely treatment and improve outcomes. Our goal was to develop and compare classical machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models to predict imminent eAMD conversion within 6 months and integrate OCT with clinical data into a single predictive model.

A cisplatin prodrug-based self-assembling ozone delivery nanosystem sensitizes radiotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.

Lacking therapeutic targets highlights the crucial roles of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the clinical management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). To relieve the side effects of the chemoradiotherapy combination regimen, we design and develop a self-assembled micelle nanosystem consisting of perfluorocarbon chain-modified cisplatin prodrug. By incorporating perfluorodecalin, this nanosystem can effectively carry ozone and promote irradiation-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Atlas of Proteomic signatures of brain structure and its links to brain disorders.

Individual variation in brain structure influences deterioration due to disease and comprehensive profiling of the associated proteomic signature advances mechanistic understanding. Here, using data from 4997 UK Biobank participants, we analyzed the associations between 2920 plasma proteins and 272 neuroimaging-derived brain structure measures. We identified 5358 associations between 1143 proteins and 256 brain structure measures, with NCAN and LEP proteins showing the most associations.

Decursin, Identified via High-Throughput Chemical Screening, Enhances Plant Disease Resistance via Two Independent Mechanisms.

In order to overcome the damage caused by phytopathogens, plants have evolved a complex defence system to protect themselves, such as the two-tiered innate immunity system. Chemical screening has led to the identification of plant immune-priming compounds, which facilitate the functional dissection of the plant immune system and contribute to chemical control for plant diseases. In this study, we identified decursin, a coumarin natural product, through high-throughput screening for activators of the expression of FLG22-INDUCED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (FRK1).

Interfacial adsorption and lubrication dynamics of β-lactoglobulin and MCT on the mucin layer.

It is important to understand the interactions between salivary mucin and food-origin proteins or lipids, which play key roles in food oral lubrication and sensory perception. This study investigates the roles of β-lactoglobulin (BLG, at different pHs) and medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on the adsorption and lubrication behavior of mucin in oral conditions. Lubrication tests suggested that BLG at pH 3.