Neurodegenerative diseases and immune system: From pathogenic mechanism to therapy.

Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of disorders with the gradual loss of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. Neurodegenerative diseases manifest primarily as cognitive and behavioral disorders that adversely affect the lives of millions of people worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases further and find effective new therapies.

Fusion of Deep Transfer Learning and Radiomics in MRI-Based Prediction of Post-Surgical Recurrence in Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Soft  tissue sarcomas (STS) are heterogeneous malignancies with high recurrence rates (33-39%) post-surgery, necessitating improved prognostic tools. This study proposes a fusion model integrating deep transfer learning and radiomics from MRI to predict postoperative STS recurrence. Axial T2-weighted fat-suppressed imaging (TWI) of 803 STS patients from two institutions was retrospectively collected and divided into training (n = 527), internal validation (n = 132), and external validation (n = 144) cohorts.

Effect of GLP-1RA on coronary progression and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients after PCI: a prospective cohort study.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) reduce incidence of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. Yet, the impact of GLP-1RAs on coronary lesion progression and cardiovascular outcomes after coronary stent implantation remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effects of GLP-1RAs on coronary lesion progression and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Pushing the Performance Boundaries of Highly Energetic Bis(1,2,4-triazoles) through Merging Dual Strategies of C-Azo Bridging and -Nitramino Functionalization.

In this work, by combining the energetic -N═N-, -NO, and N-NH/N-NHNO groups with triazole, -amino compound and -nitramino compound were synthesized. Compound has a unique crystal structure, exhibiting enhanced energetic properties ( = 8996 m s, and = 34.0 GPa) and stability ( = 202 °C, IS = 21 J, and FS = 216 N) comparable to that of hexogen (RDX).

Learning Heterogeneous Mixture of Scene Experts for Large-Scale Neural Radiance Fields.

Recent Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) methods on large-scale scenes have demonstrated promising results and underlined the importance of scene decomposition for scalable NeRFs. Although these methods achieved reasonable scalability, there are several critical problems remaining unexplored in the existing large-scale NeRF modeling methods, i.e.

Exposure to Phthalate Metabolite Mixtures as a Risk Factor for Low Muscle Mass: Insights From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018).

Objectives: Ambient contamination may contribute to low muscle mass development, yet evidence regarding the detrimental impacts of phthalate metabolites on muscle wasting is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between individual and collective phthalate metabolite exposures and low muscle mass occurrence and assess the mediating role of body mass index (BMI).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

An Allele of Glutamate Formiminotransferase Triggers 5-Methyl-Tetrahydrofolate-to-MeFox Conversion and Facilitates Folate Biofortification in Maize.

Identifying genes involved in folate accumulation is critical for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of folate metabolism and breeding folate-rich crops. Here, a natural A-to-G variation at the 682nd bp is identified in the coding sequence of an identified plant gene glutamate formiminotransferase (GFT) in maize, leading to a glycine-to-asparagine substitution at the 228th in the protein sequence and contributing to the variation of folate accumulation in mature seeds of a maize inbred line population. This gene encodes a protein highly similar to the formiminotransferase domain of mammalian formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase.

Unraveling Nonlinear Interactions: A DPSIR-Based Conceptual Model for Synergistic Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Coastal Blue Carbon Ecosystems.

Coastal blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) face accelerating degradation from synergistic climate-human pressures, threatening their carbon sink function. This review synthesizes nonlinear interactions governing BCE carbon cycles by developing a novel DPSIR (Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses) conceptual model. Our framework integrates biogeochemical processes (e.

End-to-end deep learning for the diagnosis of pelvic and sacral tumors using non-enhanced MRI: a multi-center study.

This study developed an end-to-end deep learning (DL) model using non-enhanced MRI to diagnose benign and malignant pelvic and sacral tumors (PSTs). Retrospective data from 835 patients across four hospitals were employed to train, validate, and test the models. Six diagnostic models with varied input sources were compared.

Integrating network pharmacology and metabolomics to elucidate the mechanism of action of Yangluan formula for treating of diminished ovarian reserve.

Objectives: The Yangluan Formula (YLF) influences the outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR); however, the potential mechanisms by which YLF ameliorates DOR have not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of YLF on IVF-ET outcomes in infertile women with DOR, and to elucidate the potential mechanisms by which YLF addresses DOR.

Methods: Non-targeted metabolomics studies were conducted on follicular fluid specimens procured from individuals with DOR treated with or without YLF, and from patients with normal ovarian reserve who underwent IVF-ET treatment.

Associations of body roundness index and inflammatory marker with hypertension among children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

Hypertension in children and adolescents constitutes a critical public health challenge, which is influenced by both adiposity and inflammation pathway, but the association of newly adiposity evaluation tool and its joint influence with inflammation on hypertension in youth is not clear. This study investigates the associations between emerging adiposity metric (Body Roundness Index, BRI), Systemic Immune Inflammation Index (SII), and hypertension in a pediatric cohort from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Associations among BRI and SII with hypertension were analyzed using logistic regression models.

PPP1R15A Promotes Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Inflammatory Response to Exacerbate Ischemic Stroke Through Activation of TLR4/NF-κB Pathway.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a prevalent and serious neurological disorder, and is one of the major contributors to mortality and disability worldwide. The activation of autophagy and the inflammatory response following cerebral ischemia are crucial in the progression of IS. Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A (PPP1R15A), as a stress-responsive protein, has been proven to be closely associated with autophagy.

Clinical, thyroid metabolic, and inflammatory features in pediatric patients with post-acute COVID-19 neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Background: Children are at increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders following COVID-19. However, information regarding the clinical, metabolic, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders associated with COVID-19 is limited. In this study, we described the clinical features and retrospectively assessed the metabolic and inflammatory profiles of 13 pediatric patients who exhibited subacute neuropsychiatric symptoms within one month of SARS-CoV-2 infection (NP-COVID-19).

Comparative study for CT-guided I seed implantation assisted by modified and conventional 3D printing non-coplanar template in malignant tumors.

Purpose: This study compared the outcomes of modified three-dimensional printed non-coplanar templates (3DPNCT) with those of conventional 3DPNCT for iodine-125 (I) seed implantation in malignant tumors and analyzed associated technical differences.

Material And Methods: We analyzed patients with malignant tumors undergoing I seed implantation in our department from February 2021 to May 2023. Cases using modified 3DPNCT guidance comprised the experimental group, while those using conventional 3DPNCT formed the control group.

The rising burden of frailty among older adults in China: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2020).

Background: Frailty is a growing public health issue among older adults worldwide, posing significant challenges to society, especially in rapidly ageing populations like China.

Objective: This study investigates trends in frailty and its impact on health and productivity among Chinese adults aged 60 and older and provides projections for the next decade.

Design: Longitudinal design.

Role and mechanism of RPA1 in the development and progression of glioma.

Glioma is a highly malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by highly invasive behavior and a high recurrence rate. The current treatment options for gliomaoften have unsatisfactory outcomes. Replication protein A1 (RPA1), a component of the RPA heterotrimer, has been identified as a potential oncogene implicated in the development and clinical prognosis of various types of solid tumors, including liver cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and gastrointestinal cancer.

Amylopectin branch trimming and biosynthesis elucidated by the rice isoamylase ISA1-ISA2 heterocomplex.

Amylopectin, the primary form of starch in plant leaves, seeds and tubers, features a tree-like architecture with branched glucose chains. Excess branches result in the formation of soluble phytoglycogen instead of starch granules. In higher plants and green algae, the debranching enzyme isoamylase ISA1 forms either homomultimer or hetero-multimer with ISA2 to facilitate branch trimming and starch granule formation, but the molecular basis remains largely unknown.

The burden of Parkinson's disease, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.

Background: The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains incompletely understood, has drawn significant attention within the scope of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Therefore, to explore PD's global burden and devise countermeasures is indispensable.

Methods: Data from GBD 2021 to analyze age standardized incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence rate (ASPR), mortality rate (ASMR), and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) rate (ASDR) burden of PD globally.

Isoform-specific function of NSD3 in DNA replication stress confers resistance to PARP inhibitors in prostate cancer.

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in patients with deleterious BRCA1/2 alterations. Although this marks a significant milestone, intrinsic or acquired therapy resistance remains a major challenge that limits clinical efficacy. Here, we demonstrate that dysregulated ubiquitination and turnover by the cullin 3 (CUL3) E3 ligase complex induce the upregulation of the short isoform of nuclear-receptor-binding SET domain protein 3 (NSD3) (NSD3S), which confers PARPi resistance in prostate cancer cells and patient-derived mCRPC samples.

1,1'-(Diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(4-nitro-1H-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxamide): An N8-Type Energetic Compound with Enhanced Molecular Stability.

The safety concerns associated with sensitivity issues regarding long nitrogen chain-based energetic compounds, especially for eight or more catenated nitrogen atoms in backbones, need to be resolved. Incorporating specific functional groups represents a key approach for enhancing stability in organic energetic materials. This study reports the synthesis of 1,1'-(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(4-nitro-1H-1,2,3-triazole-5-carboxamide) (), an N8-chain compound featuring strategically placed amide groups.

Functional hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-based thermosensitive hydrogels: Biomineralization, procoagulant and antibacterial properties.

Functional composite hydrogels with antibacterial, biomineralization and hemostatic properties are prepared based on thermosensitive hydrogel composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hyaluronic acid (HA), and glycerol (Gl) as matrix (HHG) and incorporation of copper‑iron layered double hydroxides (CuFe-LDH) as an antimicrobial agent, hydroxyapatite (HAP) as a bone-inductive component or carboxymethyl chitosan powder (CMCS) as the natural hemostatic. The HHG/CuFe-LDH/HAP composite hydrogels significantly reduced the gelation time of pure HHG hydrogel to 5 min and exhibited excellent biomineralization activity and significantly antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and E.

Transcriptomic analysis of theca cells in a PCOS rat model: insights into follicular development.

Background: This study aimed to analyze differentially expressed genes in theca cells of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats using transcriptomic sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis and PCR validation were performed to identify genes involved in follicular development regulation in PCOS.

Methods: Twenty 6-week-old female SD rats with regular estrous cycles were divided into two groups (PCOS and control, n = 10 each).

The Oncologist, 2025, Vol, XX, Issue XX Predictive role of ARID1A and B2M mutations and the antigen presentation pathway in the efficacy of definitive chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer.

Background And Purpose: Definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC), yet patients experience considerable variability in disease-free survival (DFS). This study aimed to identify molecular biomarkers associated with response to dCRT in cervical cancer.Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed targeted next-generation sequencing data from tumor biopsy samples of 31 patients diagnosed with FIGO stage IIB-IVA LACC.

Diffusive gradient in thin films combined with machine learning to discern the accumulation characteristics and driving factors of Cd and Cu in soil-rice systems.

The dietary exposure risk of cadmium (Cd) in rice is significantly higher than that of copper (Cu), while the co-migration of Cd and Cu in the soil-crop system may enhance the bioavailability of pollution, thus making rapid and accurate prediction of their accumulation in crops essential for assessing the risks associated with cultivated land. However, the previous prediction methods based on the total content of heavy metals in soil or in a single form have certain limitations. We collected 82 pairs of soil and rice samples from Hunan Province in China and used diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technology combined with chemical extraction (ultrapure water, acidic ammonium oxalate, calcium chloride) to explore the bioavailability characteristic of Cd and Cu, while machine learning (ML) models for Cd and Cu accumulation in rice were developed by integrating soil physicochemical parameters and heavy metal speciation.