Oral colon-targeted paeonol emulsion for ameliorating ulcerative colitis based on charge adsorption.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammatory bowel disease, poses a severe threat to human health. Paeonol has demonstrated potential for the treatment of UC, particularly because of its remarkable anti-inflammatory properties. However, the high volatility and low oral bioavailability of paeonol hinder its application in the treatment of UC.

Anti-β2GPI antibodies induce trophoblast pyroptosis and placental inflammation through TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD axis.

Objective: Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the persistent presence of anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibodies. Placental inflammation, particularly involving trophoblasts, is currently considered a key driver of OAPS pathogenesis. This article aims to explore the effect of anti-β2GPI antibodies on trophoblast pyroptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Organic fertilizer application rates affect rhizosphere microbial communities and yield optimization in potato ( L. V7).

Background: Organic fertilizers enhance sustainable agriculture by providing nutrients and supporting microbial communities. However, optimal application rates that maximize potato yield while maintaining rhizosphere microbial diversity remain poorly understood.

Methods: Four organic fertilizer levels (0, 40, 60, and 80% nitrogen replacement) were tested on potato rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities across three growth stages using high-throughput 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing.

An acoustic-optic confocal probe based photoacoustic and ultrasonic tracheal endoscopy for characterizing phantom and model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Integrated photoacoustic endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound (PAE/EUS) are recognized as an effective method for detecting intestinal and intravascular diseases. Changes in the morphology and composition of the trachea are significant hallmarks of respiratory diseases. In this study, an acoustic-optic confocal probe was developed and integrated at the tip of a 2.

A Fall Prevention Program Integrated in Primary Health Care for Older People in Rural China: The FAMILY Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: With rapidly aging populations globally, there is a lack of evidence on effective fall prevention strategies among community-dwelling older people in resource-constrained areas.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a fall prevention program integrated in primary health care systems on the risk of falls among Chinese rural older adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A 12-month, open-label, cluster randomized clinical trial, conducted in 128 rural villages from 4 Chinese provinces, involving adults 60 years or older at risk of falls (recruitment from September 19, 2023, to November 15, 2023; last follow-up, January 15, 2025).

Exposure to Phthalate Metabolite Mixtures as a Risk Factor for Low Muscle Mass: Insights From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2018).

Objectives: Ambient contamination may contribute to low muscle mass development, yet evidence regarding the detrimental impacts of phthalate metabolites on muscle wasting is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between individual and collective phthalate metabolite exposures and low muscle mass occurrence and assess the mediating role of body mass index (BMI).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Does Fluorination Necessarily Lead to Efficiency Gains in Non-fullerene-Based Organic Solar Cells? A Theoretical Exploration.

Fluorination of donors and acceptors has been recognized as an effective strategy to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. However, improper fluorination may weaken the effect. Specifically, we identify that the stable active-layer cluster structures obtained after the annealing of the / combination with fluorination and the / combination without fluorination not only enhance the intermolecular interactions within the cross-linked structures but also improve donor-acceptor energy level alignment and achieve near-neutral average electrostatic potential distributions.

Organic carbon facilitates the release of organic phosphorus by converting stable organic phosphorus into bioavailable forms in eutrophic sediments.

Organic phosphorus (OP) constitutes an important fraction of total phosphorus in lake sediments, with its mobility being influenced by mineralization and transformation of organic carbon (OC). OP and OC co-exist in various forms in the environment, thus a thorough investigation on the impact of OC fractions on the release of OP in sediments should be comprehensively carried out. This study determined the chemical forms of OP and OC in the sediments over four seasons in Lake Taihu and found temporal and spatial variations in their concentrations.

The effect of bullying victimization on internet addiction: mediated by cyberbullying perpetration and moderated by social support.

Background: Given the importance and high prevalence of Internet addiction (IA), this study aimed to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and Chinese adolescent students' IA and its mechanism-mediated by cyberbullying perpetration and moderated by social support.

Methods: Participants completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and provided information on their demographics, experiences with bullying, and social support. General linear modeling (GLM), structural equation modeling (SEM), and interaction item analysis were conducted.

Associations of semen essential/non-essential elements with the risk of male infertility: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Defective sperm function is the leading cause of male infertility, and epidemiological studies have revealed that various trace elements are linked to declining semen quality. However, differences in study quality and the heterogeneity of findings complicate the interpretation of the clinical significance of essential and non-essential elements in semen, especially ultra-trace elements.

Methods: Essential and non-essential elements in the semen of male infertility were systematically searched within eight databases (Embase, Cochrane, PubMed, MedLine, Web of Science, Chinese Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang database) up to November 2024.

Gut Microbiota and White Matter Integrity: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

The causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and white matter injury and communication remains unclear. We aimed to scrutinize the plausible causal impact of GM on white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), white matter microstructure, white matter connectivity, and multiple neurological diseases via Mendelian randomization study. We identified four WMH-related bacterial taxa, including class , order , family , and genus In addition, three bacterial taxa were discovered that have consistent effect on multiple aspects of white matter microstructure.

Construction of highly hydrophilic carbamide-linked covalent organic framework for efficient extraction of polar aromatic amines: experiments and theoretical calculations.

Background: Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted much attention in the field of sample pretreatment due to their high specific surface area, designable pore structures, and excellent stability. However, their weak polarity and low electron cloud density characteristics limit their efficient enrichment of polar and hydrophilic pollutants.

Results: This study focused on the trace detection requirements of polar aromatic amines (AAs), which are typical hydrophilic pollutants in foods, and proposed a new carbamide functionalization strategy to modify COFs, aiming to achieve efficient extraction of AAs.

One-step engineered multifunctional gauze: On-demand antibiosis, accelerated hemostasis and angiogenesis for tissue regeneration.

Traditional cotton gauze remains a primary wound dressing for initial wound protection and exudate control. However, it lacks antibacterial property and fails to support angiogenesis and epithelial regeneration. To address these limitations, a one-step solvent-based strategy was developed to uniformly integrate ZIF-8 nanoparticles onto gauze with good interfacial stability.

Prenatal particulate matter exposure and risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To investigate the associations between maternal fine particulate matter (PM) and PM<10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM) exposure during pregnancy and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) incidence in very preterm infants (VPIs, gestational age (GA)<32 weeks), with emphasis on trimester-specific susceptibility and effect modification by clinical and environmental factors.

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting: A tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in China, 2016-2022.

The immunomodulatory roles of endogenous circular RNAs: Biogenesis, function, and therapeutic exploitation.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a unique class of noncoding RNAs characterized by the covalently closed circular structures, play multifaceted physiological roles through diverse molecular mechanisms, including acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges/reservoirs, transcriptional regulators, protein scaffolds/recruiters, and templates for functional peptide translation. In this review, we delve into the spatiotemporal expression dynamics of circRNAs across infectious pathology (viral, bacterial, and fungal), dysregulated immune disorders, and tumor immunology, highlighting their potential roles as critical immunomodulators in maintaining immune homeostasis. Furthermore, we discuss innovative strategies to leverage circRNAs for clinical applications, including their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and engineered therapeutics to restore immune equilibrium in infectious, immune-related and oncological diseases.

Oral cancer detection via Vanilla CNN optimized by improved artificial protozoa optimizer.

In this study, we propose a new method for oral cancer detection using a modified Vanilla Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture with incorporated batch normalization, dropout regularization, and a customized design structure for the convolutional block. An Improved Artificial Protozoa Optimizer (IAPO) metaheuristic algorithm is proposed to optimize the Vanilla CNN and the IAPO improves the original Artificial Protozoa Optimizer through a new search strategy and adaptive parameter tuning mechanism. Due to its effectiveness in search space exploration while avoiding local optimal points, the IAPO algorithm is chosen to optimize the convolutional neural network.

Updating the potentially inappropriate medication (PIM)-China criteria for 2024: a Delphi consensus study for improved medication safety in older adults.

Background: The potentially inappropriate medications (PIM)-China criteria, published in 2017, require updates to reflect new therapeutic evidence and address limitations such as outdated medications and condition-specific considerations.

Aim: This study aimed to develop an updated version of the PIM-China criteria through a modified Delphi consensus methodology, ensuring evidence-based and clinically relevant recommendations for older adults in China.

Method: A literature review of six PIM criteria (Beers, STOPP, FORTA, EU(7)-PIM, Japan and Korea criteria) and relevant literature (2018-2023) informed a preliminary list of PIMs.

Highly porous biochar engineered from agricultural waste for efficient removal of sulfonylurea herbicides in aqueous systems.

Pesticide contamination in aquatic environments, particularly due to sulfonylurea herbicides, has become a growing concern. Herein, a highly porous biochar was synthesized using potassium bicarbonate (KHCO) as a green activating agent through a one-step pyrolysis and acid washing process. Among the different samples, KBC-6 exhibited the highest specific surface area (3548.

Salidroside alleviates cardiomyocyte senescence by activating the AMPK-mediated signaling pathway.

Cardiovascular aging is a key contributor to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). As individuals age, the frequency and severity of cardiovascular events rise, establishing CVDs as a primary cause of death in older adults. Therefore, the development and exploration of drugs or bioactive molecules that can effectively prevent cardiovascular aging and related diseases are urgently needed.

Inhibition of Sirtuin 2 enhances autophagy and restores neuronal function in aged hippocampal neurons.

Age-related cognitive decline is linked to impaired autophagy and hippocampal dysfunction. This study investigates the role of Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) in age-related cognitive decline, focusing on its impact on autophagy and hippocampal function. Quantitative proteomic analysis revealed 67 significantly dysregulated proteins in the hippocampus of naturally aged male mice, including upregulated SIRT2 and impaired autophagy.

Application of modified biochar in integrated pollution management for pesticides and antibiotics in water: Recent advances and future prospects.

Pesticides and antibiotics, while vital to modern agriculture and aquaculture, have emerged as major contributors to agricultural non-point source pollution, posing serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and public health. Biochar, a multifunctional material characterized by high adsorption affinity, porous structure, and abundant surface functional groups, has shown great potential for mitigating such contaminants. This review systematically summarizes the production methods of modified biochar, enhanced through physical, chemical, biological, and composite modification techniques, highlighting how the choice of biomass and modification strategy critically influences its performance.

Computational identification of potential UNC-51-like kinase 1 inhibitors by an integrated structure-based and molecular dynamics-guided approach.

Serine/threonine kinase UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is a key autophagy initiator. It regulates the process of autophagy through multiple signaling pathways and modulates the distribution and utilization of cellular resources, thus helping cells to maintain homeostasis in a constantly changing and complex physiological environment, thus targeting ULK1 to inhibit cellular autophagy would be an effective means of treating cancer. We used an integrated ligand-based and structure-based drug design approach to map the ULK1 pharmacophore model and used it for virtual screening.

Extracellular vesicles: A new frontier in deciphering the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed nanoparticles that mediate intercellular communication and hold significant promise as therapeutic agents, drug delivery vehicles, and biomarkers. This review systematically explores the bidirectional interplay between EVs and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We first summarize the unique bioactivity and therapeutic potential of Chinese herbal medicine-derived EVs (CHM-EVs), which retain plant-specific components and demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tissue-protective effects.

Periodontal health intervention for oral health-related outcomes in older type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized controlled trial in a Chinese tertiary hospital.

As the sixth complication of diabetes, periodontitis interacts with diabetes to form a vicious circle. Periodontal health interventions can improve periodontal health and the quality of life in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to explore the effect of periodontal health interventions based on the Pender Health Promotion Model on periodontal outcome index and quality of life in this patient population.

Synergistic Adaptations of Yak Rumen Microbiota, Metabolites and Host to Altitudinal.

Rumen microbiota and metabolites play important roles in energy metabolism and immune regulation in the host. However, the underlying mechanisms of their interaction with the host to regulate yak plateau adaptation remain unknown. In this study, the effects of altitude on the rumen microbiome, metabolome, and fermentation parameters of yaks were analyzed.